小升初英语系列-形容词和副词.doc

形容词和副词讲义及演练
一． 形容词
1. 修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。
如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)
2. 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
如：I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)
We are happy today. (happy快乐的，在句中作表语)
Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语)
3. 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序
限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）
如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。
the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。
二． 副词：
1. 通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。
如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)
2. 副词的分类
1) 时间副词: now, today等
2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
2) 地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs等
3) 方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely等
4) 程度副词: much, little, quite等
5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why等
三． 形容词转化成副词
1. 一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i, 加ly, 如：happy-happily
3. 以ue 结尾的形容词，去e加ly, 如：true-truly
注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively等。
四． 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
1. 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 tall-taller, well-better
2. 最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 long-longest
3. 比较级和最高级的变化规则：
规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：
a. 在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortest
b. 词尾是e，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicest
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiest
d. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,
如：big-bigger-biggest
e. 其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious
不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）

词义
原级
比较级
最高级
好
good/well
better
best
坏
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
多
many/much
more
most
少
little
less
least
远
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
五．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：
1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”相当于the same as…
肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B
Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.
否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B
This tree is not as/so tall as that one.
2. 比较级的用法:
1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary
注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit来修饰。
2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.
3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……, 就越……”
The more, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）
3. 最高级用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1）one of the +最高级
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
2）比较级句型表达最高级意义
A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
随堂演练（满分100分）
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)
  old________    young_______    tall______    long________   
  short________   strong________    big________    small_______
  fat________    thin__________   heavy______ light________
  nice________ good_________   beautiful_________ ________
  low_________   high_________  slow_______    fast________
  late_________   early_________    far_________  well_______
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1分=23分）
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).15.The child doesn’t_____(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5分=31分）
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 ________ is _________than Jim？  ________ are.
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. ________  _________ than David?  Gao Shan  ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？  我的弟弟的。
_________ apples  ________  ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________  ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _______ as  __________ as ________  ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______   ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____   _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________    _________ soon.
12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______   _______  _______than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_____  _____ up _____than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 ____the girls______   ______   ______the boys? Yes,they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____   _____  in PE. But I don’t   ______   _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
四、将下列各组单词重新排序.使构成有意义地词组。（5*1分=5分）
1. fat, the, cat, white____________________________
2. Olympics, green, a, great_________________________
3. expensive, that, jacket, brown_____________________
4.an, book., interesting, thick_______________________
5. round, three, plates, yellow___________________________________
五、选词填空（18*1分=18分）
1. My sister is getting _____.
A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fatter
2. They are ________to us than before.
A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier
3. Jack is the ______ boy ________our class.
A. tallest. in B. taller. in C. most tall. of D. more tall. of
4. It is not _______ warm _________ yesterday. Put on more clothes.
A. so . on B. so. in C. as .at D. as. as
5. Hangzhou is one of ____cities I have visited.
A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful
6. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives ________of all.
A. slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest
7．My sister is a ____________ girl.  
A．good       B．well      C．very
8．一 Is it your toy taxi?一 No. ___________ it’s his． 
A．May be     B．May       C．Maybe
9．______ are you?— I’m ______, thank you．
 A．What；good  B．How；fine  C．What；fine  D．How；good
10．一Can you help me?— ___________. 
A．Yes       B．Excuse me      C．Certainly    D．How
11．The grass around my house is Very________． 
A. black          B．blue           C．green
12．The sky is ________. The c1oud is _________．
A．blue；red    B．red；brown     C．blue；white
13．The child is __________ kind．  
A．much           B．very much      C．very
14．一Could I use your pen，please?  — __________.
  A．No             B．Certainly      C．Excuse me
15．I _________ go to School at 8：00 a．m．
  A．very           B．much           C．often
16．I have an _________ doll.  
A．old beautiful  B．beautiful o1d  C．small old
17．Mr Wang is a _________ teacher.  
A. tall old English   B. English old tall    C. old tall English
18．Oranges are __________． 
A．purple         B．blue           C．orange