中考英语总复习----名词(含答案).pdf

1/7名词名词中考命题趋势中考命题趋势考纲解读(名词在近 5 年考试中的考查点)1.能够正确使用可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握可数名词复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化。3.掌握名词所有格的构成和用法。4.掌握名词作主语时和谓语在单复数上保持一致。命题预测1.名词多在单项选择、完形填空、短文填空和完成对话中进行考查。2.据统计，名词的常考点有：(1)名词所有格，如：2018广西，38 题；2017泰安，23题等。(2)语境中名词的选择，如：2018达州，22 题；2018东营，19 题等。(3)名词的数，如：2018龙东，2 题；2018玉林，2017兰州，31 题等。3.预计今后中考中对于名词的考查将以名词辨析、名词所有格和可数名词与不可数名词的表达为重点，也可能对名词所有格及名词固定搭配进行考查。名词知识点全览名词知识点全览专有名词个体名词可数名词集体名词物质名词名词的分类普通名词不可数名词抽象名词单数可数名词复数（规则变化、不规则变化）名词的数不可数名词s 所有格of 所有格名词所有格双重所有格名词的句法功能主、宾、表、定、状、补语、同位名词名词辨析中考考点清单中考考点清单考点 1名词的分类一、专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份)My name is Lucy.我叫露西。I am a Chinese.我是中国人。I will visit the Great Wall on Monday.周一我要游长城。二、普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物如：，集体名词表示一群人或一些事物如：，?2.不可数名词 物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料如：，抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等如：，?【注意】有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，如：glass 意为“玻璃杯”时是可数名词，意为“玻璃”时是不可数名词。2/7身兼两职的名词对照表：glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次，倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橙子电灯报纸，试卷(几根)头发不可数橙汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题主意，意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年男子经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻，青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】(1)family，class 等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调家庭成员或班级成员时视为复数；(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police 指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数people 指人们、人民，本身表示复数。people 指民族，有单、复数变化。如：fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族考点 2名词的数一、可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：规则例词1一般在词尾加-smapmaps，seaseas，girlgirls，daydays2以 s，x，ch，sh 结尾的名词后加-esclassclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，dishdishes变-f 或-fe 为 v 再加-esleafleaves，thiefthieves，knifeknives，loafloaves，wifewives3以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词加-sbeliefbeliefs，chiefchiefs，proofproofs，roofroofs，gulfgulfs4以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 再加-espartyparties，familyfamilies，storystories，citycities5以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y 结尾的，加-stoytoys，boyboys，daydays，rayrays，HenryHenrys一般加-esheroheroes，NegroNegroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes6以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词不少外来词加-spianopianos，photophotos，autoautos，kilokilos，solosolos 3/7两者皆可zerozeros/zeroes，volcanovolcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-sradioradios，bamboobamboos，zoozoos8以-th 结尾的名词加-struthtruths，mouthmouths，monthmonths，pathpaths2.不规则变化英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，goosegeese，mouse mice2单复数相同sheep，deer，series，means，works，fish，species，li，yuan，jin3只有复数形式ashes，trousers，clothes，thanks，goods，glasses(眼镜)，compasses(圆规)，contents(目录)4一些集体名词总是用作复数people，police，cattle，staff5部分集体名词既可以视为单数(整体)也可以视为复数(成员)audience，class，family，crowd，couple，group，committee，government，population，crew，team，public，enemy，party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关)，forces(军队)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪)，drinks(饮料)，sands(沙滩)，papers(文件，报纸)，manners(礼貌)，looks(外表)，brains(头脑，智力)，greens(青菜)，ruins(废墟)加-sAmericans，Australians，Germans，Greeks，Swedes，Europeans单复数同形Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese7表示“某 国人”以-man 或-woman结尾的改为-men，-womenEnglishmen，Frenchmen将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law，lookers-on，passers-by，story-tellers，boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups，housewives，stopwatches8合成名词将两部分变为复数women singers，men servants二、不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词，当数词大于 1 时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice(一条建议)，five pieces of advice(五条建议)，a bag of rice(一袋大米)，three bags of rice(三袋大米)。常见的量词及搭配：a bag of flour 一袋面粉a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶a bowl of rice 一碗米饭a bucket of milk 一桶牛奶a can of beer 一罐啤酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶a glass of milk 一杯牛奶a pack of gum 一盒口香糖a bowl of soup 一碗汤a pot of tea 一壶茶a spoon of sugar 一勺糖a tin of soup 一个汤罐头 4/7可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。如：two bags of apples 两袋苹果。考点 3名词所有格一、s 所有格1、表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加s，其构成形式如下：一般单数名词后加s。如：my brothers book，Jacks cat，the girls pen 等。以-s 或-es 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词后加“”。如：girls，teachers等。【注意】在不规则复数名词后，要加s。如：womens clothes。以-s 结尾的专有名词的所有格，读音以z结尾的，一般在名词后加“”，也可加s 其读音分别为z和Iz。如：Dickens/Dickenss book。【注意】若不以读音z结尾则仍用s。如：Rosss book。复合名词或词群的所有格的词尾s 加在后面的名词之后。the President of the United Statess car 美国总统的汽车【注意】当出现同位语时，s 一般加在同位语后。This is my sister Marys bag.这是我妹妹玛丽的包。如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加s，如果不是共有的，两个名词都要加s。Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间(共有的房间)Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(各自的房间)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上s 代表全称。at the doctors=at the doctors office 在诊所在 one 及 one/body 和 some-，any-，no-，every-结合起来的复合词后加s。如：someones book 某人的书。这些代词和 else 连用时，s 应加在 else 后。如：somebody elses pencil 别人的铅笔。2、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾后加s 或“”构成所有格。如：todays news，ten minutes drive，Chinas industry 等。二、“of+名词”所有格无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room(房间的窗户)，the cover of the dictionary(词典的封面)。三、双重所有格 (1)表示部分概念，of 短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no 等。This is a picture of mine.这是我的一张照片。(2)双重所有格与 of 所有格的不同。He is a friend of your fathers.他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)He is a friend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)中考考点聚焦中考考点聚焦考点 1名词辨析例 1 (2018 达州)-What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)?-Great!It will help China improve the _ with those related countries.A.relationship B.agreement C.environment D.information解析：句意：-你觉得一带一路倡议怎么样？-非常好！这有助于提升中国和相关国家的关系。本题考查名词含义，relationship 关系，agreement 一致，environment 环境，information 信息，根据句子含义可以选出答案。答案：A 5/7考点 2名词所有格及其用法例 1(2018 广西)The woman in a hat isaunt.A.Jack and John B.Jacks and John C.Jacks and Johns D.Jack and Johns解析：句意：-这女人是杰克和约翰的阿姨。本题考查名词所有格用法。在表示多个人或物共有的东西，在最后一个名词后加“s”。答案：D考点 3名词的数例 1(2018 玉林)Hey,boys.Look at the falling .Well,its telling us that autumn is coming.A.leaf B.leafs C.leafes D.leaves解析：句意：-嘿！孩子们。快看落叶。-哦，这说明秋天来了。以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数，变 f 或 fe 为 v，加 es。答案：D中考真题演练中考真题演练考点 1名词辨析1.(2018 扬州)The Queqiao satellite(卫星)will form a B bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.A.contribution B.communication C.celebration D.competition2.(2018 孝感)-Which should we start with,Water World or Space World?-Either is OK,it makes no C to me.A.mistake B.promise C.difference D.decision3.(2018 咸宁)Could you give me a few B on how to spend the coming summer holiday?OK,let me see.A.hobbies B.suggestions C.knowledgeD.information4.(2018 武汉)-Kate,I m going shopping.Anything to buy for you?-Yes,that will save me a_A _.A.hand B.trip C.visit D.bill5.(2018 徐州)You dont have to tell me your answer now.Give it some D and then let me know.A.support B.help C.protection D.thought 6.(2018 苏州)The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his_ B.A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth7.(2018 沈阳)Small cars are useful in cities with narrow _ A _.A.streets B.cinemas C.squares D.shop8.(2018 南京)-Do you have this T-shirt in a small_ A _?-Im afraid not.It only comes in medium.A.size B.colour C.material D.taste9.(2018 连云港)National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV.It means a growing A in traditional culture among Chinas youth.Ainterest Bdirection Chabit Ddream10.(2018 兰州)If the temperature is below 0oC,water will turn into _ A _ in the open air.A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain11.(2018 荆州)Kids often feel better in a happy family.6/7Thats true.A happy family provides a loving _ B_ for its children.A.expression B.environment C.encouragement D.development12.(2018 黄石)In fact,pandas have become so popular that they are now a _ B _of China.A.subject B.symbol C.sign D.spirit13.(2018 东营)-Hi,Li Mei.How is your new school?-Fantastic.We can choose the courses according to our C .I love operas,so I took the Beijing Opera class.A.gradesB.talentsC.interests D.experiences14.(2018 呼和浩特)It s Mr Zhang s new movie.But I think it s more meaningful than his others.I agree with you.His latest movie has come to his highest B.A.spiritsB.standardC.treasureD.development15.(2018 河南)-Its useless to regret what has been done.Dont make those mistakes again 一 I wont.Thats a(n)_ C _A order B.decision C.promise D.agreement考点 2名词所有格及其用法1.(2016龙东)How far is your home from school?About B walk.A.five minutesB.five minutesC.five minutes2.(2017 哈尔滨)How time flies!It is two A since we met last.So it is.I miss you so much.A.months B.monthes C.months D.month3.(2017 恩施)Henry,have you seen the English book on the B desk?If you see it,please take it to the office.OK.A.teachers;teachers B.teachers;teachers C.teachers;teachers D.teachers;teachers考点 3名词的数1.(2016重庆)Its sports time.Most A students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.A.boyB.boysC.boysD.boys2.(2017 邵阳)Mom,please give me two B .I want to make vegetable salad.OK.Here you are.A.tomato B.tomatoes C.tomatos D.tomatoos3.(2017 南充)Are you thirsty?Yes,please give us C .A.three bottle water B.three bottle of waterC.three bottles of water D.three bottles of waters4.(2017 兰州)There are a lot of B on the grassland.sheep-dog is sitting next to them.A.sheep;The B.sheep;A C.sheeps;The D.sheeps;A5.(2018 通辽)In China,there are more _B_in primary schools than in high schools.A.woman teacher B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teachers 7/76.(2017广州)Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef，vegetables and A.A.some riceB.a few riceC.a little ricesD.a rice7.(2017 营口)There A many foreign students in her class.Yes.I know two of them are .A.are;Japanese B.is;Australian C.are;Germany D.is;Ameirca