人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解.docx

人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解
人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解

编辑整理：

尊敬的读者朋友们：
这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解的全部内容。

第 12 页 共 13 页

unit 1
1。 What’s the matter (with you）? 怎么了？出什么事了?
What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth。? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
【注】：matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词, wrong 是adj. 不能加the.
【习】：-What’s the matter ______ Tom. He is wet through。 —His car ran _______ the river。
A.with; in B。to； into C.with; into
【拓展】matter的用法
（1) It doesn't matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语)
【习】：-I'm very sorry. I broke your tea cup. —__________.
A。 It doesn't matter B. You'd better not C。 Take it easy D. It’s too bad
(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上， 实际上

2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。 疑问&否定
have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” （cold/fever/cough) have an accident
have a sore ( 因发炎引起的肌肉疼 ） throat/back 患喉咙/背痛 have a heart problem
have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒
have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a nosebleed 流鼻血
have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛 have a cough咳嗽
其他: cut+身体器官 hurt+身体器官 get hit ( V—ed ） on the head(by sth.）摔在头上
【习】：I didn’t sleep well last night, because I _____ a toothache .
A。 was B. went C。 had D。 took
have ( some ） problems （ in ) doing 做某事有困难
back n 背；背部
at the back of.。。。。.在。。。。..的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 归还
hand n。 手 V。 交给；传递
hand in hand 手拉手 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发

3。 身体部位+ache（持续性的疼痛）构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache
tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache

4. too much/too many/much too
短语
含义
用法
例句
too much
太多
后接不可数名词
There is too much rain these days
修饰动词,放在动词之后
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
too many
太多
后接可数名词复数
There are too many things for me to do every day。
much too
太
修饰形容词或副词
It’s much too cold in winter。

【习】：Mr. Smith eats ______ food, so he’s _____ fat.
A .much too; too much B 。too many； much too
C. too much; too much D. too much ；much too
enough 的用法
（1) adj.足够的，充分的.修饰名词时，放在名词前、后 enough time
（2) adv。 “足够地， 十分，相当”， 放在adj。/adv 后 expensive enough
(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box。
【习】:—What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English？
— I think it's _____ ， but someone thinks it's much too _____.
A。 wonderful enough; bored B。 enough wonderful； boring
C。 wonderful; enough； boring D. enough wonderful ； bored

5. 反身代词
⑴反身代词的构成
① 一、二人称的反身代词构成: 形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成
单数:myself yourself 复数：ourselves yourselves
② 第三人称的反身代词： 构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves
单数：himself herself itself 复数： themselves
⑵反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃
teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自
introduce oneself to 自我介绍 hurt oneself 受伤
⑶反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。
⑷反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。
I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself。
⑸反身代词表示“某人自己"不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式.表达“某人自己的（东
西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 I’m drawing with my own crayons.
【习】：Boys, don’t lose____ in playing Angry Birds。 It is bad for your eyes to
play computer games for a long time。
A。 himself B。 yourself C。 themselves D. yourselves

6. lie down 躺下 lie in 位于,在于 lay ， lain , lying
tell lies 说谎 lie to sb。 对……说谎 lied ， lied， lying

7. drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些热的蜂蜜水
with ：⑴prep “具有， 带有” ， 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。（反） without
She is a girl with long hair.

【习】:He has a sore throat . He should ______.
A. see a dentist B. drink hot tea with honey C. drink a lot of milk D。 eat nothing
⑵prep。 和。。。。。.一起
I like to talk freely with my friends.
⑶ prep 用。...。。， 表示“使用某种工具”
Cut it with a knife。

8. see a dentist and get an X-ray 看医生并且做个X光检查
see a dentist = go to the dentist’s看牙医 see a doctor
【习】：You are ill. You had better ___________ the doctor right now.
A. look at B。 see C。 watch

9. take one’s temperature 量体温

10. put some medicine on 。.。 在。。..上敷药 put on 穿上，戴上 take off 脱下，摘下 put。.。in order
put down 放下，记下，镇压 put off 推迟 put up 张贴，搭建，举起 put out 扑灭，熄灭

11. feel ， sound 感官系动词，后+形容词，否定前+助动词don’t或doesn’t.
“感官动词+ like : feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像
taste like 尝起来像 sound like 听起来像

12. What should she do？ 她该怎么办呢？Should I + V原？
should “应该" 情态动词，后跟动词原形,表示责任和义务should not =shouldn’t 不应该
主语+ should/ shouldn’t + 动词原形。 。.
① You should lie down and ( get some ) rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
② You shouldn’t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。
【习】：Hurry up，or you ____catch the train．
A．can’t B．needn't C．mustn't D. shouldn't

13. on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整个周末=the whole weekend
14. play computer games 玩电脑游戏
15. That's probably why。 大概这就是原因。

16. need to do sth. 需要做某事
◆用于肯定句是实义动词
(1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help.
(2） 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water？
（3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing。
◆用于否定句是情态动词
needn’t = don't have to 没有必要
must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用
【习】：—Must I hand it in today？ -No. you _____ 。 You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B。 can't C. needn’t

17. take breaks /take a break （ away from.。. ) 离开……休息一下
18. in the same way 以同样的姿势 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way ( to ）。.。
19. for too long （持续时间）……之久
20. without doing sth.
21. neck n。颈；脖子 neck and neck 不分上下,势均力敌 face to face 面对面地
22. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛,……受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising。
不及物动词，……(部位)疼. His leg hurt badly。

23. 在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。
① 引导条件状语的词： if（如果);as long as 。
② 引导时间状语的词：when ， after, before， as soon as , not 。..。 until。。.。
⑴主句使用一般将来时，if从句要使用一般现在时。
My mother will take me to the park if she is free.
⑵主句为含情态动词的句子，表示将来的含义，这时if从句也要使用一般现在时。
If you want to lose weight， you must eat less bread.
⑶主句是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子(表示将来的意义）,if从句也要使用一般现在时.
Don’t take part in such an activity if you are not strong enough.
If it rains hard tomorrow， you should stay at home。

24. 祈使句
①定义：指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
②结构： 1）. 肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. Be careful ！
2)．否定的祈使句： ⑴ Don't + 动词原形 Don’t laugh at others。
⑵ Never do sth. Never do that again!
⑶No + v—ing/n。 No smoking! No noise， please。
⑷ Let’s not do sth. Let’s not waste time。
⑸ Don't let sb. do sth. Don’t let them make any noise.
③祈使句的考点：A： Don’t forget to turn off the light. B： OK。 I won’t.
A: Don't play on the road. B： Sorry. I won't.
A: Remember to return it as soon as possible B： OK。/All right。/I will.

25. come from =be from来自
26. along/ down 相同点： prep “顺着；沿着”
不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走"
【习】：My father has habit(习惯) of jogging ____ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .
A. between B. along C。 over

27. when 常常用来引出时间状语从句↑，当放在过去进行时构成的主句之后时，表示“某事正在进行时，另一件事情发生了。” I was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang。我正要洗澡，这时电话响了。

28. see （saw ， seen) v 看见
see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生)
see sb。 doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）
【习】：Seeing their teacher ___ into the classroom， they stopped ___ at once。
A。 walk； telling B. entering； to speak C. enter; to tell D。 walking； talking

29. on the side of the road 在路的一边
30. next to .。.
31. shout for help 大喊救命 ask （ sb. ） for help 向某人求助
32. 24—year-old 24岁的
“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词,在句中作定语,用连字符后连接,名词用单数.
【习】:She is a _____ girl with two big eyes.
A. Six—years- old B。 six—year - old C。 Six years old

33. stop the bus 停下车 without thinking twice 没多想
34. get off 下车 (反） get on 上车
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up起床 get back回来;取回 get over克服；度过
get on／along well with与……相处融洽 get to到达
【习】:If Ted can _______ his difficulties， he’ll make great progress.
A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out

35. have / has / had to 不得不,必须
36. tell sb. ( not)to do sth。 tell sb。 sth. tell sth。 to sb. tell sb。 that.。。
37. take sb。 to sp.
38. expect sb。 to do sth.
39. most / all of n.大部分或全部的……
40. wait for the next bus
41. surprise ⑴v。 使吃惊→surprising adj。 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 感到吃惊的
①surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me.
②be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
③be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶
④be surprised + that从句 因。..而惊讶
⑵ n 惊讶"
①to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
②in surprise 吃惊地
【习】：The fans were ____ to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston。
A。 glad B。 angry C. excited D. surprised
agree v→ （反)disagree – agreement n同意
① agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.
② agree to do sth 同意做某事
【习】：—I think English is more useful than Chinese. —I don’t ____ you。 They are both useful。
A. get on with B。 catch up with C. talk with D。 agree with

42. move。.。 onto the bus/train/plane/horse/bike/subway in the car/taxi

43. thanks to 多亏；由于
⑴ thanks to为习语介词,thanks不可以改为thank you,to后接感谢的对象，
⑵ thanks for“因……而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢,其后可接名词或v-ing,thanks相当于 thank you.
【习】： ________ the teacher, I’ve made great progress.
A。 Thank you B。 Thanks C. Thanks lot

on time 准时/in time 及时
on time= at exactly the right time。
准时（在规定的时间之内）
强调与某个时刻一致
in time = with enough time to spare/ not late
及时（恰在时间点上）
表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生
【短语】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴
have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直
at the same time 同时 by the time 到……时候 for the first time 第一次
【句型】 It’s time to do sth =It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了
It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间
【习】：The teacher hope all of us can hand ____ our homework ____ time every day。
A. up ； in B. out; on C。 on； in D。 in ； on

44. It’s +adj。 +to do sth。/ that从句
45. not。。.any=no
46. think about 考虑；认为,+V-ing/n.
【短语】: think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出
【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行

47. the driver of bus No. 26
48. hit v。 (hit/hit） （ 用手或器具）击;打
hit sb。 on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。

49. right away/ now 立刻，马上 just now 刚才
50. trouble n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）
be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难

51。 fall → fell → fallen v 落下； 跌落
①fall down 摔倒，强调“滑倒，摔倒",指失去平衡而摔倒,后接宾语时，应加上介词from
She fell down from her bike
②fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike.
③fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river。
④fall behind 落后 ⑤fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 ⑥fall asleep 入睡
【习】: It’s not easy for Linda to _____ last night, because she was too excited。
A. go to bed B。 fall asleep C. fall into D。 fall over

52. run it under the water 跑; （使)流动； 延续; 行驶； 使奔跑; 使…快速移动; 运行，经营
53. feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的
(1） sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n。前作定语.
be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……” sick person = patient“病人"
（2) ill adj。“生病的”，只能放be （系动词)后作表语. → illness n。“病；疾病”
be ill in hospital 生病住院

54. in P。E。 class do sports play volleyball/soccer。。.
55. 使役动词 make， have, let+sb。+do sth.
get+sb.+to do sth.

56. look up 查阅 look down upon 看不起 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾
look into 调查 look out 小心 look like 看起来像 look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃

57。 who 引导的定语从句
①定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子,叫做定语从句.
②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.
③定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
④关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
He is the boy who/that often helps me.
【习】：—Do you know the little boy _______ is helping the old man cross the road?
—No。 But how nice he is！
A。 which B。 who C. whom
be interested in
interest ⑴ n 兴趣 →interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语）
→interested adj。 对……感兴趣(只做表语）
⑵ v。 引起……关注；使……感兴趣
be interested in sth。/ doing sth.对……变得感兴趣
= show great interest in sth。 / doing sth。表现出对……的极大兴趣;
(1） take/have an interest in =be interested in 对……感兴趣
（2） places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣
【习】：This book is very _____ and I am ____ in it.
A。 interest; interest B. interesting； interested
C。 interested; interested D。 interested； interested

58. as prep，”作为”,”以……身份"。
be used to （doing）习惯于（做）；适应于(做)
(1） use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完
Studying English is__________(use）。
（2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
We use Internet __________(find） information。
（3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
I used to get up at six。
（4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
My grandpa is used ___________（live) in country.
(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth
Stamps is used ____________（post) letters。
【习】：–How does Jack usually go to work？
—He ______ drive a car， but now he ______ there to lose weight。
A。 used to; is used to walk B。 was used to; is used to walking
C。 was used to； is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking

59。“one of + the +adj。最高级 +n 复数" ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
One of the most popular colors is red in China。
【习】:A good book may be one of your best __________(friend)。

60. There be ( are/were ) many times when + 定语从句 有很多次……
almost / nearly
almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多"、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词，有时它们可以相互取代。
lose → lost→ lost v 失去 lose one’s life 失去生命
because of 由于; 因为
【注】: (1) because of +n/ving/代词宾格(用于句中）
She’s worried because of her son。
(2） because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句）
He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.
（3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子
— Why do you like pandas？ — Because they are cute。
(4） because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。
【习】:Mo Yan’s books have been sold out in many book stores ___ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize。
A. because B. since C。 as D。 because of

61. on 修饰具体的某一天 on a Sunday morning；  on Friday
【习】：—When did the earthquake in Lushan happen?
—It happened ______ 8：02 ______ the morning of April 20, 2013。
A. on; in