雅思阅读UNIT-1-Food.doc

(完整版)雅思阅读UNIT 1 Food
UNIT 1 Food
Warm up—Thinking about the Topic
Look at the two pictures below。 Talk about them with your partner.

1 What type of environment do these people and these plants live in?

2 Match these descriptions to the right picture：

 a. 。 。. look like a cactus， but are not related。
b。 。 。. grow in dry sandy or rocky areas.
c. 。 。. move around the Kalahari desert in search of food。
d。 . 。. walk long distances on the hot sand.
e。 。 。。 only grow about 400 cm tall。
f ... have flowers which are 3 - 4 cm across.
g. 。 .。 are traditional hunter—gatherers， who do not grow food.

3 Now, work together with a partner to make some sentences about the San people and the hoodia plant。 Speak， do not write。
“The san… Hoodia plants…
TIP
For IELTS reading, you need to be able to read QUICKLY to find main ideas and the structure, or organisation， of the reading passage。

Beginning to read
Skimming-Finding the Passage Structure and the Main Idea
Complete the activities below to practice how to do this。 Keep to the time limit！

Hoodia
A
The San live in that part of Africa called the Kalahari Desert。 Life there is hard， and nature can be harsh. There are somewhere between 45,000 and 100，000 of them living in countries like Zambia and Zimbabwe. They're not rich and they don't live in expensive houses. There are no roads or schools or hospitals near them. They don't have many material possessions like cars or computers, things that people in the developed world can't do without。 In fact, they have many problems such as unemployment and poverty. On top of this, they also suffer from alcoholism, drinking to forget their problems。 They're the San， a tribe of traditional hunter—gatherers， who used to travel in search of food for their families instead of growing it or keeping animals. They have a culture that is 20,000 years old， but their old way of life is disappearing fast and has nearly gone forever。 So yes, they're poor, and yes， their lifestyle is not attractive to outsiders， but they do have one thing that certain people in the developed world are very, very interested in and want to have， and that may make them some money. It's called hoodia.

B
Many countries have basic， common crops that . people plant for food， such as rice or potatoes。 Potatoes are grown in many European countries as well as South America (They originated there!), and rice is a staple food in Asia。 But not all plants are grow just for food; some of them can also be used as medicine. A few examples are garlic, which is said to help with colds or high blood pressure, ginger to help with headaches or toothache, or the magnolia tree which is used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat some forms of cancer and heart disease。 Hoodia, a cactus—like plant, only grows in the area where the San live， and they know where to find it and the best time to use it. They have known about it for centuries and they understand how to use it, but they don't use it for food， and they don't use it to cure disease either. They use it to fight hunger.

C
In the old days when the San had to travel in search of food, they and their children sometimes had to go without food for several days。 This was even longer in times of famine or when the rains failed. They ate the hoodia plant when they were starving， to help them survive until they found food， to stop their children from crying， and to give them the strength to continue their search. However, it didn't give them energy like normal food would. Instead， the chemicals in the hoodia plant killed the feeling of hunger and stopped them wanting food。 They didn’t know exactly how it worked; the only thing they knew for certain was that it did work.

D
Scientists have now discovered that the plant contains a substance which they have called P57。 This chemical makes the brain believe that the stomach is full and that the body doesn’t need food. That is why people in the developed world， especially those in pharmaceutical companies， are extremely interested in this very promising plant.

E
Obesity in the developed world is a huge and growing problem, not only among adults, but increasingly among children。 It has been estimated that up to 50％ of people in the developed world are overweight and 20% of these are obese； at the time of writing， for example， 30％ of Chinese children were considered to be too heavy for their age。 One cause of obesity is eating too much， too often, and another is eating the wrong kind of food. Our grandparents had the time to prepare simple yet nourishing meals， and they didn’t have money to afford expensive food。 They didn't eat as much meat or fatty foods as we do nowadays， and that's one reason why they were slimmer and healthier than their descendants。 Today we have less time to cook， and we have more money, so the easiest thing to do is to buy ready—made meals. They may be convenient and taste good, but they're often high in fat， salt and sugar. Too much of these make people unhealthy and fat. They need to lose weight, and that's where hoodia comes in。

F
It seems to be the perfect solution。 People in the West want to lose weight and hoodia is ideal. Western companies pay for the right to use the secrets of the hoodia plant； by selling these rights to the West， the San make money and can then help themselves. Obese people lose weight and the San people make a profit， so everyone is happy。

Read the first and last sentence ONLY of each paragraph in the reading passage. Take NO MORE THAN FIVE minutes to do this。

4 Put these simple headings into the same order as the passage itself。 Write the number of the paragraph beside each one.

 a. _________ Hoodia may help people to lose weight。

b。 _________ Some children have a weight problem in the developed world。

c. _________ Most places have a staple food。

d. _________ The San can be found in Kalahari desert in Africa.

e. _________ The San learnt to survive without food for days on end。

f 。__________Hoodia contains P5 7。

Skimming to Summarise the Reading Passage
1 Now， work with a partner to complete a brief summary of this reading passage. Speak, do not write。

 This passage is about .。。 It describes .。。 The main idea is that ..。

IELTS Type Question: Reading for Details and for Main Ideas
Now， you should be able to read this passage quickly to find details and answer the following questions。

Multiple Choice Questions
Circle the correct letter。 Some questions may have more than one correct answer; and this will be indicated in the instructions。
1) The San：
a. herd cows and collect plants
b。 hunt animals and grow plants
c. hunt animals and collect plants
TIP
These questions usually follow the order of the passage

d。 herd cows and grow plants

2） Which problem is NOT mentioned in the passage?
a。 they can’t find jobs
b。 they have family problems
c. they drink too much alcohol
d. they are very poor

3) Examples of staple foods are：
a。 rice and potatoes
b。 garlic and ginger
c。 magnolia and hoodia
d。 all of the above

4) In the old days， the San：
a。 ate hoodia every day
b。 ate hoodia when they were hungry
c. ate hoodia when there was a famine
d. ate hoodia when they wanted to diet

5） In the West：
a。 most people are overweight
b。 30% of people are overweight
c。 20% of people are overweight
d。 the majority of people are not overweight
Locating Information
The passage has six paragraphs, A — F Which paragraph contains the following information？ Write the correct letter， A—F， beside the statements below。
NOTE: you may use any letter more than once. You may not need to use all the letters。
6） ___________Some foods are used to cure health problems。

7） ___________ Many modern people do not eat well and have weight problems.

8） ___________The San have something that people in the West want.

9） ___________The sale of hoodia from Africa to the West might help everyone.

10) __________Hoodia was used by the San to control hunger when food was scarce.
Short Answers
Answer the questions below。 Choose NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage for each answer.
11) What do the San not have that people in developed countries mostly have?
____________________________________________________________
12） How long have the San people known about hoodia?
__________________________________________
13） What does hoodia have that makes it so useful for western people?
______________________________________________________
14） What sort of meals does the writer say our grandparents prepared?
_____________________________________________________
15） What did our grandparents eat less of， compared to people these days？
_________________________________________________________
TIP
Watch carefully for word endings and grammar clues to help you with this。

Summary Completion
Complete the summary of the passage using words from the box below. There are more words than gaps。

nourishing
obesity
ideal
hoodia
desire
unemployment
cactus
material
overcome
attractive
originate
traditional

The San are a tribe of hunter—gatherers in the Kalahari desert whose 16)___________ lifestyle is changing fast. They now suffer from ’modern’ problems such as alcoholism， poverty and 17） ____________。 Since ancient times they have used a cactus—like plant， hoodia, to help 18） ___________hunger when food was scarce. In the West， where 19）____________ is becoming a major health issue, hoodia is seen as a solution as it appears to control the 20)_____________ to eat.

Circle the Letter for the Correct Answer： Global Multi—Choice
TIP 1
You will usually find the answer to this question in the final and / or the first paragraph.
TIP 2
Some or all of the four choices will be ideas from the passage. You job is to choose the main， or most important one
21) The writer’s main idea is that:
a) The ancient practice of using hoodia when food was scarce may lead to an improvement in the San's financial situation.
b） Obesity， a growing problem all over the developed world, is spreading to the less developed countries as well。
c) The ancient culture and lifestyle of the San is changing rapidly now.
d) The pharmaceutical companies want to get control of supplies of hoodia.
After You Read
This section of the reading units will include some activities to help you to understand and practice reading skills that you will need in the IELTS test.
Vocabulary
harsh
material possessions
unemployment
poverty
alcoholism
traditional
attractive
substance
survive
cactus
famine
obesity
nourishing
staple

6 Match the words above to the meanings below。
a。 an addiction to strong drinks _________________________________
b. a basic item， in widespread use _________________________________
c. to be cruel or unkind _________________________________
d。 pleasant or looking good _________________________________
e. things such as mobile phones, cars _________________________________
f. a time when there is no food _________________________________
g。 a lack of money， food or possessions __________________________________
h。 to manage to stay alive __________________________________
i. providing for growth and health __________________________________
j。 the state of being without a paying job _________________________________
k。 a prickly desert plant _________________________________
1. in the old way， not modern __________________________________
m。 the state of being overweight __________________________________
n。 a solid， powder or liquid __________________________________

7 Complete the following sentences, using the target vocabulary.

a。 Food that is________________________ is healthy and helps us grow。
b。 Hoodia looks like a______________________ , but is not actually related。
c。 In recent times, the San people have begun to suffer from ______________________because they drink too much.
d. They have few __________________ __________________ as they live simply and move around a lot。
e。 As they also have problems such as poverty and unemployment, the San lifestyle is not very _______________ to outsiders。
f。 These days, it is difficult for the San to maintain their __________________lifestyle and culture.
g. In the old days, the San people used hoodia to help them _________________when food was difficult to find。
h. A________________________ in hoodia seems to stop people feeling hungry.
1。 A major problem in many countries is________________ , as people eat too much fatty food and do not exercise enough.
Text Structure
This reading passage has four main parts.
• It describes the San people and their lifestyle, now and in the past。
• It discusses the use of food plants for medicine.
• It describes the problem of obesity in the West。
• It describes how people hope hoodia might provide a solution。

8 Read carefully through the passage again， and highlight or underline those sentences which introduce the San and their way of life.

In a different color， mark all the sentences which discuss plants， including hoodia， as medicine。

In a third color， mark the sentences which discuss obesity。

Finally, mark all the sentences which discuss how hoodia can solve obesity in the developed world.

Note: There may be some overlap.

9 Now， complete these notes.

The San - Live in the Kalahari ____________________.
 Lifestyle： traditional hunter-gatherers，_____________ year old culture
 Problems： _______________, poverty, unemployment
Old way of life： ____________________fast

 Plants — Grown for
 Eating — e。g. rice， _________________________
 ______________e.g。 。 garlic ,______________________, magnolia

 Hoodia — Grows where _______________________ live
 Used for _______________during _______________or drought。
Contains_________________ - brain thinks __________________is full
 Therefore -____________________ countries want it

 _______________ in developed countries -
 Big ______________， for adults, ________________
 Numbers：
 up to 50% —overweight
________________—_____________
 30％ — _______________children heavy

 Causes —
 Too much food， _________________________food。
 Past time
food-simple. ___________，less_______________
Today
_______________。more money—_______________foods
high____________________

 Soluti