quick-fix-society-课文翻译.doc

急于求成的社会 Quick Fix Society

詹妮特·曼德尔·戈德斯坦 Janet Mendell Goldstein

我和老公在西弗吉尼亚州度了一周的假，刚回来。
My husband and I just got back from a week's vacation in West Virginia.

不用说，我们迫不及待地想到那里，于是便走了宾夕法尼亚收费高速公路和几条州际公路。
Of course, we couldn’t wait to get there, so we took the Pennsylvania Turnpike and a couple of interstates.

“看哪，那些美丽的农场！”老公高声喊道，田园景色以每小时五十五英里的速度在我们身边滑过。
"Look at those gorgeous farms!" my husband exclaimed as pastoral scenery slid by us at 55 mph.

“你看见那些奶牛了吗？”可是，每小时五十五英里的速度，很难看清任何东西。美丽的农场像移动的绿色棋盘，成群的奶牛在后视镜里缩成了几个小黑点。
“Did you see those cows?” But at 55 mph, it's difficult to see anything; the gorgeous farms look like moving green checkerboards, and the herd of cows is reduced to a few dots in the rear-view mirror.

四个小时里，我们唯一真正的乐趣就是数出口的标志，还有就是想再次停车时会有什么样的感觉。
For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and wondering what it would feel like to hold still again.

的确，去那里看上去没多少快乐，事实上根本就没一点儿快乐。
Getting there certainly didn't seem like half the fun; in fact, getting there wasn't any fun at all.

所以，该回费城外的家的时候，我坚持要换条路走。 So, when it was time to return to our home outside of Philadelphia, I insisted that we take a different route.

我建议说：“咱们去考察一下农村吧。”结果，我们返程的两天里满是新鲜的经历。
“Let's explore that countryside,” I suggested. The two days it took us to make the return trip were filled with new experiences.

我们游览了内战时的一个战场，站在了一座小山上。一百二十五年前，也是一个七月炎热的下午，一万五千名南部邦联的士兵曾努力想攻占它，不想他们当中有一半人在徒劳的尝试中身亡。
We toured a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill that fifteen thousand Confederate soldiers had tried to take on another hot July afternoon, one hundred and twenty-five years ago, not knowing that half of them would get killed in the vain attempt.

我们驾车缓慢地驶过宾夕法尼亚安静的德国城的主要街道，将速度降至每小时二十英里，以免和去赶集的马匹和马车挤在一起。
We drove slowly through main streets of sleepy Pennsylvania Dutch towns, slowing to twenty miles an hour so as not to crowd the horses and horse carriages on their way to market.

在县城的博物馆里，我们欣赏了玩具火车和老式汽车；在工厂的直销商店里（购物），省了七成的钱。
We admired toy trains and antique cars in county museums and saved 70 percent in factory outlets.

在农户的自助餐厅里，我们饱饱地吃了一顿香料沙拉和家庭自制面包，而后便在外边闲逛，享受着阳光，欣赏着卧在阳光里的成群奶牛——这时可不是小黑点了。 We stuffed ourselves with spicy salads and homemade bread in an "all-you-can-eat" farmhouse restaurant, then wandered outside to enjoy the sunshine and the herds of cows—no little dots this time — lying in it.

我们回到家里，恢复了精力，也恢复了活力，还又一次受到教育。这回到那儿的确是快乐啊。
And We returned home refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated. This time, getting there had been the fun.

毫无特色的收费高速公路和州际公路成了我们许多人的专门选择，这是为什么呢？
Why is it that the featureless turnpikes and interstates are the routes of choice for so many of us?

大家为什么不试着放慢速度，去考察一下农村呢？
Why doesn't everybody try slowing down and exploring the countryside?

可是，越来越多的情况是，快车道看来成了我们要走的唯一道路。
But more and more, the fast lane seems to be the only way for us to go.

实际上，大多数美国人总是匆匆忙忙——而且不光是在从甲地赶到乙地这样的事上。
In fact, most Americans are constantly in a hurry—and not just to get from Point A to Point B.

我们的国家已经变成了一个追求速战速决的国家——不止在一个方面。
Our country has become a nation in search of the quick fix—in more ways than one.

不要将来，只求现在：从前，美国人明白“好事多磨”的道理。我们从每次的收入里拿出一小部分，以备不时之需。
Now instead of later: Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification (被推迟的满足). We put a little of each paycheck away "for a rainy day".

如果我们想要一个新沙发，或者在湖边的小屋里过上一周，我们就为此攒些钱。银行则会提供特别的圣诞购物储蓄账户和度假储蓄账户帮我们渡过难关。
If we wanted a new sofa or a week at a lakeside cabin, we saved up for it, and the banks helped us out by providing special Christmas Club and Vacation Club accounts.

如果我们住在乡下，地方合适，就种下玉米和豆子，耐心地等待着收获。
If we lived in the right part of the country, we planted corn and beans and waited patiently for the harvest.

如果我们想要瘦一些，我们就少吃一些最喜爱的食物，耐心地等着磅秤降下来，一次降一磅。
If we wanted to be thinner, we simply ate less of our favorite foods and waited patiently for the scale to drop, a pound at a time.

可是现在，我们没有这份耐心了。我们不攒钱了，而是去贷款；我们用信用卡去买家具、去度假旅行——眼下要放松，以后再付钱。
But today we aren't so patient. We take out loans instead of making deposits, or we use our credit card to get that furniture or vacation trip—relax now, pay later.

我们买食品也像买衣服一样，都是已经弄好的，现成的。 We buy our food, like our clothing, ready-made and off the rack.

如果我们急着要减轻体重，就试用最新的神奇套餐，它保证能在十天之内减去十磅„„除非我们很有钱，可以去做吸脂手术。
And If we're in a hurry to lose weight, we try the latest miracle diet, guaranteed to take away ten pounds in ten days ... unless we're rich enough to afford liposuction.

不要缓慢，只求快速：我们不但现在就要，我们甚至不想被动地等待。
Faster instead of slower: Not only do we want it now; we don't even want to be kept waiting for it.

这种急躁、“讨厌等待”的普遍心态已经影响了我们生活的各个层面。
This general impatience, the "I-hate-to-wait" attitude, has infected every level of our lives.

我们用二十秒从自动取款机里取出二十元钱，而不会去银行排队（等候）。
Instead of standing in line at the bank, we withdraw twenty dollars in as many seconds from an automatic teller machine.

而后我们拿着这快速取出的钱去一家快捷的便利商店（为什么在超市里排队呢？），购买已经全部包好、随时可放进微波炉的速冻晚餐„„除非我们不介意等那么长时间买些快餐来代替。
Then we take our fast money to a fast convenience store (why wait in line at the supermarket?), where we buy a frozen dinner all wrapped up and ready to be put into the microwave ... unless we don't care to wait even that long and pick up some fast food instead.

假如吃了快餐感觉不适，我们赶紧去药箱里找药，为了——你猜对了——找点快速镇痛剂（药）。
And If our fast meal doesn't agree with us, we hurry to the medicine cabinet for—you guessed it—some fast relief

我们喜欢快照，于是就购买宝丽来（拍立得）照相机。 We like fast pictures, so we buy Polaroid cameras.

我们喜欢快捷的娱乐，于是便用录像机将最喜爱的电视节目录制下来。
We like fast entertainment, so we record our favorite TV show on the VCR.

我们也喜欢能快速传送的信息，例如电脑屏幕上闪现的消息、从你的传真机传到我的传真机上的文件、“目击者新闻”节目里九十秒快速时事报道，以及浓缩成“二百年难忘瞬间”的历史。
We like our information fast, too: messages flashed on a computer screen, documents faxed from your telephone to mine, current events in 90-second bursts on Eyewitness News, history reduced to "Bicentennial Minutes".

作为象征，“美国之鹰”正在为“邮政速递”飞翔。有谁
还敢让美国多等一晚上？
Symbolically, the American eagle now flies for Express Mail. How dare anyone keep America waiting longer than overnight?

不要透彻，只求肤浅：而且，我们甚至不想彻底了解一个事物。
Superficially instead of thoroughly: What's more, we don't even want all of it.

以前，我们仔细阅读经典小说或最新畅销书的每一个词，而现在，由于越快就越好，我们读浓缩版的书，或者把书的录音磁带放进汽车的录音机里，在上班的路上收听。 Once, we lingered over every word of a classic novel or the latest best seller. Today, since faster is better, we read the condensed version or put a tape of the book into our car's tape player to listen to on the way to work.

要么就是去买《克利夫笔记》，尤其当我们是学生时。这样我们就根本不用去阅读原书了。
Or we buy the Cliff's Notes, especially if we are students, so we don't have to deal with the book at all.

以前，我们聆听贝多芬《第五交响曲》的每一个音符。而现在，我们没有那个时间了；作为代替，我们可以从《古典音乐精华片断》CD上欣赏那段“哒——哒——哒——嘟”主旋律的二十六秒长的片段，CD上还有九十九个同样著名乐曲的选段。
Once, we listened to every note of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. Today, we don't have the time; instead, we can enjoy 26 seconds of that famous "da-da-da-DUM" theme—and 99 other musical excerpts almost as famous—on our Greatest Moments of the Classic CD.

毕竟，既然有人已经选择出最优秀的部分，为我们省去了的麻烦，干嘛还要浪费四十五分钟去听整首曲子呢？ After all, why waste 45 minutes listening to the whole thing when someone else has saved us the trouble of picking out the best parts?

像《读者文摘》这样的杂志上的文章，到我们手里时已经被缩简了。因为有了《今日美国报》，简要报道的新闻比以前更简单了。
Our magazine articles come to us pre-digested in Reader's Digest. Our news briefings, thanks to USA Today, are more brief than ever.

甚至我们的人际关系也被压缩了。我们不再每天花很多
时间陪伴我们的亲人，而是代之以所谓的“宝贵时光”，但这种时间往往根本就是没时间。
Even our personal relationships have become compressed. Instead of devoting large parts of our days to our loved ones, we replace them with something called "quality time", which, more often than not, is no time at all.

在我们匆匆忙忙地看书，再去听音乐、读新闻、与人交往的同时，我们没有认识到，我们是在依照“冰山原理”过日子——仅仅注意了冰山的顶端，而忽视了隐蔽在水面下的那九分之八的部分。
As we rush from book to music to news item to relationship, we do not realize that we are living our lives by the iceberg principle—paying attention only to the top and ignoring the 8/9 that lies just below the surface.

现在就干的欲望，立刻干完的欲望，对待生活浮光掠影的欲望，这一切都是从什么时候开始的？我们为什么如此匆匆忙忙地去节省时间？
When did it all begin, this urge to do it now, to get it over with, to skim the surface of life? Why are we in such a hurry to save time?

我们要用省下的时间去干什么呢？仅仅是为了急急忙忙地去节省更多的时间吗？
And What are we going to do with all the time we save besides,
of course, rushing out to save some more time?

令人悲哀的事实是，我们不懂得怎样利用省下的时间，因为我们所擅长的是节省时间„„而不是利用时间。 The sad truth is that we don't know how to use the time we save, because all we're good at is saving time ... not spending time.

不要误解我。我并不是说要回到自己种蔬菜、自己做衣服（的年代去）。我也不提倡来一场将信用卡切成碎片的大规模运动。
Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying we should go back to growing our own vegetables or making our own clothes. I'm not even advocating a mass movement to cut all our credit cards into little pieces.

但是，我要说的是，我们大家都需要更加认真地考虑一下，趁我们还没有完全失控，赶快为“什么都要，现在就要”的生活方式刹车吧。
But I am saying that all of us need to think more seriously about putting the brakes on our "we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-now" lifestyle before we speed completely out of control.

让我们慢慢地去阅读故事的每一个词，聆听音乐的每一个音符，欣赏农村每一个细微的变化。让我们在慢车道上去重新发现生活吧。
Let's take the time to read every word of that story, hear every note of that music, and enjoy every subtle change of that countryside. Let's rediscover life in the slow lane.

4-7 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。
B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。√
C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。Ｘ
C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错
C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√
C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。×
C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。×
C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。×
C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。√
C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X
D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本
中。×
D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。×
F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。√
F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。Ｘ
F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。(√)
G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错
G工资费用就是成本项目。(×)
G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对
J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。(√)
J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。(×)
J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对
J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。√
J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，X
K可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错
K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。Ｘ
P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。×
Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Ｘ
Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。Ｘ
S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。Ｘ
S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。(×)
W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对
Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对
Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。X
Y以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。X
Y原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Ｘ
Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。(×)
Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对
Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。X
Z逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。√

A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。
A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)