新概念第二册lesson55.doc

Lesson 55 Nota gold mine
【New words and expressions】(19)
★gold n. 金子
gold watch；gold ring；golden sun 金色的太阳
golden adj. 金色的, 宝贵的Silence is golden.
golden opportunity 宝贵的机会
golden sentence 黄金句型
I am glad to have the golden opportunity to do sth.
goldfish n. 金鱼 platinum n. 白金, 铂
★treasure n. 财宝 (为总称, 没有复数)
‘treasure island’ 《金银岛》
jewel n. 宝石 珠宝, (可数) diamond n. 钻石
jewelry n. 珠宝, 珠宝类 珠宝(总称, 不可数)
I have some jewels. = I have some jewelry.
jade n. 碧玉 (不可数名词)jade palace 翠宫饭店
★revealer n. 探测器reveal v. 揭示
★invent v. 发明invention n. 发明
★detect v. 探测detective n. 侦探
★pirate n. 海盗, 盗印者, 盗版者, 侵犯专利权者
vt. 盗印, 盗版, 掠夺, 翻印 vi.做海盗
★arm ① n. 手臂；武器hold one's arm
Farewell! Arms 永别了, 武器
farewell int. 再会,别了!(永别或不容易再见面的意思) ② v. 武装 be armed with … 用……来武装
be covered with 被……覆盖
★soil 土壤 (能生长植物的地方)
earth n. 泥土 (泥巴)
★entrance n. 入口
entrance of/to… ……的入口exit n. 出口, 太平门, 退场, 去世；vi. 退出, 脱离, 去世
★thoroughly adv. 彻底地
completely/thoroughly/totally
★confident n. 有信心的confidence n. 信心
be confident of doing sth. 有信心做……
be confident that +从句 有信心做……
【课文讲解】
1、Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.★dream n. 梦；v. 做梦① n. 梦想
dreams come true 梦想成真
dreams ended 梦想破灭了, 梦断了
dream of … ……的梦
② v. 做梦 dream of doing sth.
come true 变成现实，(预言、期望等)成为事实，
2、A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.
一句话中只有一个动词, 如果再出现动词, 可以用and并列连接, 也可以变成复合句, 用when, because连接, 还可以使这个动词表示动词意思, 但不做谓语, 即非谓语动词
过去分词做定语, 表示 “被”，如ploughed field
n. +called 被称之为……的……(如果用短语修饰其他词, 则把短语放在被修饰词的后边)
be used to do sth. 被用来……used to do 过去常常
同位语从句中的引导词只有一个that，不会用which
in the ground (更习惯于用 “under the ground” )
3、The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold.
it is said是插入语，当“据说”讲。
4、The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
would表示过去的习惯性动作, 但此处表示 “used to” 过去常做
fail to do sth. 未能、不能、忘记做某事项 (fail后面接动词不定式表示否定)
collect的含义之一为“(去)取，接”
5、Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.
如果几个句子的主语是同一事物, 则可以把几个句子合并为一个句子。保留一个句子做主句, 其他的变成非谓语动词。非谓语动词采用何种形式, 则根据其与主语的关系, 如果是主动关系, 用-ing, 被动关系, 则用动词的-ed形式.主句与其他句子的位置安排要保持句子的平衡, 还要注意动作的连贯
The boy went home. The boy was crying. The boy was beaten.=Beaten by sb, the boy went home, crying.
arm(ed) with 可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等
6、Very excited, the party dug a hole two feel deep.
Very exciting, … 形容词短语做状语
Tired, I went home./ I went home tired.句子顺序不同, 表达的意思也不同
two feet deep“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语； 也可以做表语
long/wide/high/deep，人有多高用 “tall”
7、In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.
in spite of / though / even if 尽管
something of value
of表示其所修饰的名词具有某种性质、状况，of加名词往往让人联想这名词对应的形容词
The news is of great importance to us.
of value＝valuable 有价值的
of small value 价值很小(= almost worthless)
形容词要放在不定代词的后边
something important =something of importance
someone patient =someone of patience
【Key structures】
表示过去习惯性动作
当我们提到过去某一特定时间时, 我们有时可用would来代替used to，有时则不可以，而且would需要指出具体时间，used to则不需要。
当used to暗示与现在的对照时，不可用would替换： I used to drink heavily, but I have given up drinking now./当used to描写过去的状态时，也不可与would互换，would只表示过去特有的习惯或行为：
当used to不强调与现在的对比时，可与would互换。但一个故事开头时不用would，必须首先用一般过去时或used to描述背景，然后用would表示习惯性动作：
【Special difficulties】
use, be used to, used to
use vt. 用，使用，运用，应用
be used to 习惯于(后面跟名词或动名词，be也可用get等代替) used to 过去习惯……(表示过去有而现在通常已不存在的习惯，只用于一般过去时，后面只能跟动词不定式)
Gold and Golden
Glod ① n. 金，黄金，金币，金块
② adj. 金的All that glitters is not gold. (all…is not…不是所有的，部分否定 not all)
golden adj. 金色的，(机会等)非常好的，兴盛的
【Multiple choice questions】
4 Pirates used to hide gold there. ___d___.
a. and they always do b.and they still do
c. and they still do sometimes d.that's what they would do That’s what 那就是……事
题目 “Pirates used to hide gold there, .....” 应该用句号, 而不应该用逗号
两个句子中间必须加 “and 或but” 等连词, 或是用句号隔开。一句话当中只有一个主语, 一个动词, 叫简单句，出现两个以上的动词要用连词连接。两个句子可以是主从句，可以把一个动词用为动词, 而把其他的动词改装为非谓语动词
8‘The Revealer’is a very good ___a___.
a.machine b.engine c.machinery d.mechanic
machine n. 机器(可数名词)engine n. 发动机
machinery n. [总称] 机器, 机械 机器(总称, 一般后边不会加s, 前面也不加a)mechanic n. 技工, 机修工, 机械士revealer n. 探测器