2022版高考英语一轮复习-15-公益事业与志愿服务课时提能练.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 15 公益事业与志愿服务课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习 15 公益事业与志愿服务课时提能练

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课时提能练(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·湖北部分重点中学联考)A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to flee four dolphins which had been stranded (搁浅) in a canal for four days.The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildiife Conservation Commission(FWC) had monitored the dolphins' activities in the past few days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide.
But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to take videos and pictures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation(回声定位)．That means that they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.
Andy Garrett, a biologist of the FWC said，“We were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away.” He added that when the team reached a bridge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. “They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off，” Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲的是志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事。
1．What can we know about the dolphins from Paragraph 1?
A．They formed a chain to protect themselves.
B．They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.
C．They were observed in secret by volunteers.
D．They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.
D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“four dolphins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days”可知，D项正确。]
2．Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?
A．To make sounds to attract some people.
B．To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.
C．To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.
D．To test the different reactions of the dolphins.
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They shouted and patted...to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay”可知，志愿者们喊叫、拍打水面是为了引导海豚前往里维埃海湾，故B项正确。]
3．What words could best describe the volunteers?
A．Brave and caring.
B．Cautious and humorous.
C．Smart and ambitious.
D．Optimistic and energetic.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话中的“the brave volunteers”，并结合文章讲述的志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的海豚的故事可知，志愿者们是勇敢且乐于助人的，故A项正确。]
4．What's the main idea of the text?
A．Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.
B．Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins
C．Volunteers helped four dolphins find their way home.
D．Experts studied the ways of dolphins' finding directions.
B　[主旨大意题。本文讲述志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事，故B项正确。]
B
(2020·合肥市教学质量检测)Sharon Okpoe has lived her entire 17 years in Makoko，known as the world's largest “floating slum(贫民窟)”，built on a lake in Lagos，Nigeria.Okpoe's father is a fisherman，and her mother sells smoked fish.
As many as two­thirds of the city's 21 million residents live in slums.“Most girls are trapped in a terrible cycle of poverty.Many of them are not thinking of education，a plan for the future，”Abisoye Ajayi­Akinfolarin，a computer programmer in Lagos ，recalled.But several times a week，girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding，a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming.Since 2012，the group has helped more than 400 disadvantaged girls gain the technical skills and confidence they need to transform their lives.
It's the vision of Ajayi­Akinfolarin，who left a successful career to devote herself to this work.She'd noticed how few women worked in this growing field — a 2013 government survey found that less than 8% of Nigerian women were employed in technology jobs.She wanted to fix the gender gap.“Technology is a space that's dominated by men.Why should we leave that to guys？” she said.“I believe girls need opportunities.”
Now，dozens of girls aged 10 to 17 get trained in computer programming technology.“I believe you can still find diamonds in these places，” Ajayi­ Akinfolarin said.“They need to be shown another life.” One way her program does this is by taking the students to visit technology companies — not only showing them what technology can do，but also helping them visualize themselves joining the industry.
Okpoe，for one，has taken this to heart.She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh，enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers.She even wants to become a software engineer and hopes to study computer science at Harvard.“One thing I want my girls to hold onto is that，regardless of where they are coming from，they can make it，” Ajayi­Akinfolarin said.“They are coders.They are thinkers.Their future is bright.”
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了为尼日利亚Makoko地区贫困女孩提供计算机编程培训的GirlsCoding项目的目的以及影响等。
5．What can we learn about GirlsCoding?
A．It encourages girls to land a job in education.
B．It offers Nigerian girls in need part­time jobs.
C．It helps girls working in Lagos to fight poverty.
D．It teaches girls in Makoko computer programming.
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But several times a week，girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they attend GirlsCoding，a free program...that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming.”可知，GirlsCoding 是一个免费的项目，它旨在教育女孩们关于计算机编程的知识和激发女孩们对计算机编程的兴趣。由此可知，GirlsCoding 教生活在Makoko 地区的女孩们有关计算机编程的知识，故选D。]
6．What did Ajayi­Akinfolarin think about the growing field in Paragraph 3?
A．Men could do far better in technology jobs.
B．Girls should get equal work opportunities.
C．Men normally got paid more than women.
D．Girls tended to devote themselves to work.
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She wanted to fix the gender gap”以及“I believe girls need opportunities”可知，Ajayi­Akinfolarin 认为，女孩们在这个领域应该获得与男性同等的工作机会。故选B。]
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Rebuilding the girls' confidence.
B．Training the girls to find diamonds.
C．Presenting a different life to the girls.
D．Taking the girls to technology companies.
C　[代词指代题。根据画线词上句“They need to be shown another life”并结合语境可知，“this” 在这里指代上句的内容，即向女孩们展现另一种生活。故选C。]
8．What can we infer about Okpoe from the last paragraph?
A．She got fishermen to benefit from her app.
B．She was admitted to Harvard University.
C．She took her father's suggestion to heart.
D．She made some changes to computer science.
A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh，enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers.”可知，Okpoe 帮助开发了一款名为Makoko Fresh 的应用程序，让像她父亲一样的渔民可以直接向顾客出售海鲜。由此可以推断出，Okpoe 让渔民从她开发的应用程序中获益。故选A。]
C
(2020·长春市质量监测)Although small business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world，little attention has been paid to the need of young people，and even less to the children living on the street or in difficult conditions.
Over the past nine years，Street Kids International(SKI) has been working with partner organizations in Africa，Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children and develop opportunities for street children to earn income.
The SKI Bicycle Courier Service first started in Sudan.Street children who took part in it were given bicycles，which they used to deliver parcels and messages.A similar program was taken up in Bangalore，India.The Shoeshine Collective was a program with the YWCA in the Dominican Republic.The children in this project were lent money to buy shoeshine boxes.They were also given a safe place to store their equipment，and facilities for individual savings plans.The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a program with the Red Cross Society and the YWCA.Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training，life skills training and access to credit.
During the program，SKI and partner organizations have drawn lessons from the past: First of all，being a businessman is not for everyone，nor for every street child.And it is important for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.Secondly，small loans are provided firstly for buying fixed assets such as bicycles，shoeshine kits and basic building materials for a market stall (摊位)．As the children gain experience，they can be given more loan amounts.And all SKI programs have charged interest on the loans. Generally the rates have been lower than bank rates.Most importantly，it is believed that credit must be given with other types of support that help the young develop key life skills as well as productive businesses.
【语篇解读】　近几年来，国际儿童救助组织 Street Kids International 与它在非洲、拉丁美洲和印度的合作组织一同为流浪儿童的生活提供经济支援，并帮助他们学习技能，开始自己的小生意来获得收入。
9．How does SKI help the street children?
A．By giving the street children chances to go to school.
B．By encouraging the public to give money to street children.
C．By creating chances for street children to make money.
D．By drawing the attention of governments to help street children.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“develop opportunities for street children to earn income”可知，国际儿童救助组织SKI通过为流浪儿童创造赚取收入的机会来帮助他们，故选C项。]
10．Street youths can be lent money to buy shoeshine boxes in ________.
A．the Dominican Republic　　 B．Zambia
C．India D．Sudan
A　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 shoeshine boxes 定位至文章第三段，根据该段第四、五句可知，在多米尼加共和国，流浪儿童可以借钱买擦鞋箱。故选A项。]
11．The underlined word “assets” in the last paragraph probably can be replaced by ________.
A．clothing B．vehicles
C．equipment D．houses
C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as bicycles，shoeshine kits and basic building materials”可知，此处表示小额贷款首先用于购买流浪儿童赚钱所用的固定工具，故选C。]
【解题技巧】根据画线词所在句举的例子来猜测词义是解答词义猜测题的一种方法，恰当的举例能够为猜测生词词义提供重要的线索。文中常用 such as，for example，for instance，like 等引出例子，考生可以根据例子来猜测画线词的词义。本题就利用了 such as 后所举例子推断出 assets 表示的含义。
12．From the last paragraph we know that ________.
A．each child can only enjoy one kind of loan
B．not all loans should be linked to training programs
C．any child can apply for the business training and loan
D．the children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrow
D　[推理判断题。根据尾段中的“And all SKI programs have charged interest on the loans.Generally the rates have been lower than bank rates.”可知，所有的SKI项目都对贷款收取利息，通常利率不高，据此可推知，孩子们要还的钱稍多于借到的钱，故选D。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)
How to Become an Activist
Activists are people who see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it. 1 If you are interested in it，you can do so.
2 This could be anything from a student club to a national organization. Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement，so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with，whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.
Volunteer your time.One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time.Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause，and ask how you can help.
Donate money or supplies. 3 If you can't afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause，you may be able to donate other things they need，like clothing or canned food.
Draw the family and friends in.Tell your family and friends about your cause，and invite them to get involved.If they are interested，share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned. 4
Promote your cause on social media.You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the cause you support. 5 Also，you can invite your friends to attend events or donate money to fundraisers(募集资金者) for your cause.
A．Take classes on issues related to your cause.
B．Join an organization that supports your cause.
C．They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.
D．If you do volunteer work，invite them to volunteer with you.
E．Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.
F．Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.
G．If you can't get in touch with them in person，then try connecting people online.
【语篇解读】　积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人。本篇文章就如何成为积极分子而去从事公益事业提供了一些建议。
1．C　[前一句提到“see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it”(看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知，空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使”与此处匹配。]
2．B　[根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，该空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“from a student club to a national organization”和“Most activist organizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的。故选B。]
3．E　[前句提到“Donate money or supplies”(捐赠金钱或物资)，由此可推知，空处应是说明这样做的原因，故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境。]
4．D　[本段的主题句为“Draw the family and friends in”(让家人和朋友参与进来)，空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法，故D项符合语境，且句式结构与前一句相同。]
5．F　[本段的主题句为“Promote your cause on social media”，该段也提到了利用“social media”，这与F项“发布有用的文章，写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切联系，故选F。]