2021届高考英语二轮复习-强化练阅读理解—细节理解题课时优化作业.doc

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练阅读理解—细节理解题课时优化作业

2021届高考英语二轮复习 强化练阅读理解—细节理解题课时优化作业

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强化练(一)　阅读理解——细节理解题(一)
A
The following four famous paintings—from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece—have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London.This painting is not only visually interesting but also famed.It is also an informative document on fifteenth­century society, through Jan van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism—while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, an oil on canvas (油画布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of a night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12­month stay at the mental hospital in Saint­Rmy­de­Provence, France between 1889 and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of Vincent van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It depicts (描绘) the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August.Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, once held this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large oil painting, was painted by the Cubist (立体派的) Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed during the war.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an antiwar symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.
[语篇解读]　文章介绍了四幅世界绘画名作的相关情况，包括其创作时间、画作内容等。
1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?
A．Guernica.
B．The Harvesters.
C．The Starry Night.
D．The Arnolfini Portrait.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章对四幅画的介绍可知，The Arnolfini Portrait的创作时间是1434年，The Starry Night创作于1889至1890年间，The Harvesters创作于1565年，Guernica创作于1937年。对上述四幅画的创作时间进行对比可知，D项正确。
答案：D
2．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?
A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
B．Vincent van Gogh.
C．Jan van Eyck.
D．Pablo Picasso.
解析：细节理解题。 根据The Harvesters部分第二句“It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August.”可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder的画作描述了丰收季节的情况。故选A。
答案：A
3．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A．It was painted on wood in oils.
B．It described the painter's life in hospital.
C．It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.
D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Starry Night部分最后一句可知，1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不太有名，但后来却成为梵高最著名的作品之一。故选C。
答案：C
B
Erik Kobayashi­Solomon spent a day with Dr.Paul Gauthier, a plant physiologist specializing in vertical (垂直的) farming research and came away with several important ideas about vertical farming.
Humans have 12,000 years of experience in growing food, but only a generation's worth of experience or so in growing crops indoors.We are still progressing up the technology learning curve (曲线)．What's more, traditional farming techniques are based on conditions that are not applicable to vertical farming.Therefore, without taking time to understand the science, vertical farming is not likely to be able to live up to its implied promise.
The cost of powering LED grow lights is one of the biggest problems a vertical farm must overcome.Dr.Louis Albright at Cornell has characterized vertical farms as the “pie­in­the­sky” business.He famously calculates, for instance, that the cost of a loaf of bread would be $24 if farmed indoors—the cost is too high.Gauthier acknowledges that energy prices are high but points out that scientific work has shown that only about 6% of available sunlight is used in crop photosynthesis (光合作用), so there may be ways of growing the same plants with less light.
Gauthier also points out that while energy costs are a bit high, vertical farming does create enormous efficiencies in other areas.Water usage may be significantly reduced because the same water can be recycled time and again.Fertilizer use can be greatly reduced and pesticides for pest control are unnecessary.It's clear that vertical farming offers real value to society.
The future is probably mixed.In some environments—the Middle East, for instance—a move to vertical farming is a no­brainer.An indoor farm in Saudi Arabia, for instance, can use solar energy to power LEDs at low cost without shading other farmland.In other environments, though, the expense of establishing a facility places a high bar on growth and profitability.A large vertical farming and equipment operation only started generating a small profit eight years into its nine­year life.
[语篇解读]　文章主要介绍了垂直农业发展所面临的困难以及垂直农业的优点和未来。
4．What can we infer about vertical farming in Paragraph 2?
A．It will replace traditional farming one day.
B．It relies on research of more basic science.
C．It can be applicable under different conditions.
D．It actually came into being 12,000 years ago.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Therefore, without taking time to understand the science, vertical farming is not likely to be able to live up to its implied promise.”可知，如果不花时间去了解科学，垂直农业就不可能实现其潜在的前景。由此可知，垂直农业的发展依赖更多的基础科学的研究。故选B。
答案：B
5．What does Dr.Louis Albright think of vertical farms?
A．They use less light than traditional ones.
B．They may seem very unlikely to succeed.
C．They can overcome many problems in farming.
D．They do not need any natural sunlight any longer.
解析：细节理解题。据第三段第二句“Dr.Louis Albright at Cornell has characterized vertical farms as the ‘pie­in­the­sky’ business.”及下文列举的他预测使用垂直农业生产会使一条面包过贵的问题可知，Dr.Louis Albright认为垂直农业似乎不太可能成功。故选B。
答案：B
6．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．The ways of reducing costs of vertical farming.
B．The secrets of developing vertical farming.
C．The recent trend of vertical farming.
D．The benefits of vertical farming.
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段第一句中的“vertical farming does create enormous efficiencies in other areas”及本段最后一句“It's clear that vertical farming offers real value to society.”可知，垂直农业确实在其他领域创造了提高功效的方法，为社会提供了真正的价值；该段第二、三句列举了垂直农业具体在哪些领域创造了提高功效的方法。由此可知，本段主要讲的是垂直农业的好处。故选D。
答案：D
7．Why is the example of “an indoor farm in Saudi Arabia” mentioned?
A．To show vertical farming can work well in some places.
B．To prove solar energy is vital for farming in Saudi Arabia.
C．To confirm the expense of setting up a vertical farm is high.
D．To argue that vegetables do not need to be imported any longer.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The future is probably mixed.”和本段中的in some environments以及in other environments可知，本段主要讲了在不同的环境中垂直农业未来的情况不同；又根据本段第三句中的“can use solar energy...shading other farmland”可知，列举“an indoor farm in Saudi Arabia”的例子，是为了说明在有些地方垂直农业可以运转良好。故选A。
答案：A
C
Loma Linda, California, a city of 21,000, is one of the five original blue zones, regions in the world where people live longest and are the healthiest.In fact, people in this community tend to live 8 to 10 years longer than the average American.
Experts say that's because Loma Linda has one of the highest concentrations of Seventh­Day Adventists in the world.The religion suggests a healthy lifestyle and a life of service to the church and community, which contributes to their longevity (长寿)．
“I never had stress，” said Dr.Ellsworth Wareham, a lifelong Seventh­Day Adventist.He was 100 years old at the time.“I have a philosophy: You do the best you can.And don't give any thought to the things you can't do anything about.”
Like 10% of the Adventist community, Wareham was a vegan (纯素食主义者)．Another 30% are lacto­ovo vegetarians who eat dairy and eggs, while another 8% eat fish but not other meat.
“Even our non­vegetarians are relatively low meat consumers，” said Dr.Michael Orlich, the principal investigator of a study dedicated to examining the link between healthy lifestyle factors and diseases in 96,000 Seventh­day Adventists in North America.
What does that vegetarian lifestyle accomplish? A lower weight, for one.Other key factors to longevity: Only 1% of the Seventh­day Adventist community in the study smoke.Little or no alcohol is consumed.Daily exercise out in the fresh air of nature is the norm.The church advocates a life of service, so dedication to volunteering is typical, which contributes to a sense of community.
Add all of these factors together and what do you get? A healthier body, less likely to succumb to diseases tied to obesity, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and heart disease.
Few of us practice these healthy lifestyle habits, and much less of us do them all at once.“The good news is that it's never too late to start.Some evidence suggests that changing a few simple lifestyle factors can have a profound difference in the risk of major diseases and the likelihood (可能性) of living a long life. People can usually get impressive benefits even in a short length of time，” Orlich said.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明，养成良好的生活习惯，不仅能让我们更健康，还能延长我们的寿命。
8．What is special about Loma Linda according to the text?
A．It is located in a special place.
B．It has a rather small population.
C．Its locals usually enjoy a long life.
D．Its locals look different from the average American.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，生活在Loma Linda的居民都是很长寿的。
答案：C
9．What is the secret to Wareham's long life?
A．He has a good relationship with his neighbors.
B．He never puts pressure on himself.
C．He is a low meat consumer.
D．He is always hard­working.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，他长寿的秘诀是零压力生活。
答案：B
10．What does the underlined part “succumb to” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A．Suffer from.　　　　　　 B．Respond to.
C．Adapt to. D．Pass on.
解析：词义猜测题。根据语境可知，此处是指患有疾病。
答案：A
11．What does Orlich mainly want to show in the last paragraph?
A．It is necessary to start healthy lifestyle habits early.
B．It takes a long time to form healthy lifestyle habits.
C．It is difficult to understand the benefits of healthy habits.
D．Healthy lifestyle habits can bring benefits in a short time.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Orlich主要想表达的是：开启健康的生活习惯从来不会太迟，因为它们会在短时间内带来意想不到的效果。
答案：D