中考被动语态考梳理(2019).doc

2019中考被动语态考点梳理
语态有“主动”与“被动”两种。主动语态表示主语与谓语之间形成的是主谓关系，例如“某人做某事、某事发生了”等。被动语态则表示主语与谓语之间形成的是动宾关系，例如“某人被告知某事、某事被做了”等。我们在解答被动语态试题时，应了解中考关于被动语态的命题特点，做到以下“六注意”：
一、注意题中有“陷阱”
部分考查主动语态的单选题，常以动词的被动形式作为干扰项。也就是说，这类试题貌似考查被动语态，其实是考查主动语态。这类“声东击西”的试题往往会使我们在答题时误入“陷阱”。
【中考例题】
1. (2015安顺) Premier Zhou Enlai ______ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of
Chinese people.
A. died B. was died C. has been dead D. has been died
2. (2015广州) Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can you go home now?
A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finished
3. (2014菏泽) Look, so many people are running our of the station. I wonder what ______.
A. is happened B. was happening C. is happening D. had happened
4. (2013荆门) Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everything ______.
A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
5. (2013兰州) —The food looked bad, but it ______ OK.
—So we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste
6. (2013常州) This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
7. (2013河南) —Excuse me. I’m looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
—Sorry. The book you ask for ______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
【答题策略】第1题中的die属于不及物动词，不能用be died，也没有have been died等被动形式；句中还有表示“一段时间”的状语for many years，因此要选主动语态的完成时作为句子的谓语。第2题中的finish属于及物动词，可以有被动，但是本句的主语是we，“我们”和“完成”属于主谓关系，因此本句要用主动语态。第3题中的happen属于不及物动词，不能用is / was / have been happened等被动形式。第4题中的“事物”与“变化”属于主谓关系，故用主动语态。第5题中空格后的OK是形容词，意为“好的，不错的”，因此可以看出空格处应是表示“尝起来(味道是)……”的连系动词，英语中，连系动词没有被动语态。
第6题中考查主动结构表被动含义。某些可以和well，easily，smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词(如wash，sell，grow等)，当主语是无生命的名词或代词时，常用主动语态形式表示被动含义，表示“主语本身做得怎么样”，如sell well意为“畅销”，grow easily意为“长得容易；很容易生长”等。但是当主语是“物品”时，动词短语sell out (卖完)要用被动语态，如第7题。
二、注意语态、时态综合考查
被动语态是通过不同的时态体现的。中考英语单选题中最常考的有：
时 态
结 构 形 式
※ 一般现在时
am / is / are + done
※ 一般过去时
was / were + done
现在进行时
am / is / are + being done
过去进行时
was / were + being done
※ 现在完成时
have / has + been done
过去完成时
had + been done
※ 一般将来时
shall / will + be done；am / is / are going to + be done
过去将来时
would + be done；was / were going to + be done
※ 含有情态动词
情态动词 + be done
语态、时态综合考查的试题，选项中常以不同的时态作为干扰点。因此，解题时必须根据句中的时间状语选择对应的时态。如果没有明确的时间状语，则根据上下文提供的信息判断对应的时态。
【中考例题】
8. (2015成都) Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees _____ every spring.
A. were planted B. are planted C. will be planted D. will plant
9. (2014广东) —Chinese ______ by many people all over the world today.
—Yes, I agree with you.
A. learnt B. is learn C. is learnt D. is learning
10. (2015克拉玛依) —Did Jack come to our party yesterday? —No, he ______.
A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited
11. (2015重庆B) Our new library ______ last year. We enjoyed reading and studying in it.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built
12. (2015梅州) The 31st Games ______ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil next year.
A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold
13. (2015泰安) —Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday this Saturday?
—I’m not sure. Because I ______ so far.
A. have invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t been invited D. will be invited
14. (2015广州) Many houses ______ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left
homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
15. (2015江西) You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It ______.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. hasn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed
16. (2015兰州) He has ordered a watch online for his father and it ______ to him before
Father’s Day.
A. send B. will be sent C. was sent D. sent
17. (2014长沙) —I’m afraid I can’t finish the task successfully.
—Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it.
A. will be given B. give C. will give D. will be giving
三、注意语态、时态、主谓一致综合考查
某些考查被动语态试题的选项中，不但以时态和主动语态作为干扰点，还将主谓一致的考查纳入其中。解答这类试题，必须对时态、语态、主谓一致同时考虑。
18. (2015天津) The novel ______ by many people today.
A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read
19. (2015福州) —Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ______ in public places.
—Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A. isn’t allowed B. aren’t allowed C. doesn’t allow D. didn’t allow
20. (2015烟台) Everyone in our class ______ to take part in the English Speech Contest.
A. is encouraged B. encourages C. are encouraging D. are encouraged
21. (2013重庆A) A lot of trees ____ around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.
A. plant B. is planted C. were planted D. are planted
22. (2014云南) China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, ______ on the western
media (媒体).
A. use widely B. is widely used C. uses widely D. are widely used
23. (2014绵阳) A popular sport, ping-pong, ______ by many people around China, for fun and
exercise.
A. are enjoyed B. was enjoyed C. were enjoyed D. is enjoyed
24. (2013梅州) The child without parents ______ good care of by his teacher in this special
school.
A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
25. (2013苏州) —Have you heard about that cat accident near the school?
—Yes, luckily no one ______.
A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. were hurt
26. (2013黄石) It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted.
A. two third; has B. two thirds; have C. two third; are D. two thirds; is
27. (2013天津) —What languages ______ in that country?
—German and English.
A. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken
四、注意时间和条件状语从句中的语态和时态
主动语态中，条件状语从句和部分时间状语从句的谓语要用一般现在时表示将来的概念。在被动语态中，依然要遵循这个规则。
【中考例题】
28. (2015龙岩) —Dad, can I play computer games? —Not until your homework ______.
A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished
29. (2013青岛) The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it ______.
A. is played B. plays C. will be played D. will play
30. (2015乌鲁木齐) —Mum, can I pick strawberries with my classmates on Sanping farm this
weekend? —Sure. If your homework ______.
A. is finished B. finishes C. will be finished D. will finish
31. (2014黄冈) —Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party this Saturday?
—Unless I ______.
A. will be invited B. am invited C. was inviting D. invited
五、注意含有情态动词的被动语态
现行中考英语试题中，含有情态动词的被动语态主要考查的是“一般现在时的被动语态”。解答这类题目，
【中考例题】
32. (2015汕尾) —I don’t think sixteen-year-olds ______ to drive.
—I agree. They aren’t serious enough at that age.
A. can allow B. need be allowed C. should allow D. should be allowed
33. (2015孝感) —How often do I need to feed the dog?
—It ______ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A. must give B. must be give C. must gave D. must be given
34. (2013滨州) —It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river.
—I think a bridge ______ over the river.
A. should be built B. should build C. will build D. has built
35. (2013安徽) Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ______ in a short time.
A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned
36. (2015海南) Mr. Zhou can’t find his ID card anywhere. It ______ be lost.
A. can’t B. should C. must D. needn’t
37. (2015临沂) Teenagers should ______ to take care of themselves from a young age.
A. educate B. be educating C. have educated D. be educated
六、注意动词或短语动词用法的不同
在考查被动语态的单项选择试题中，选项大都是同一动词的不同词性，但有时也以不同的动词短语作为选项。此时，我们既要考虑语态和时态，也要考虑动词或短语动词与题干内容在语义和用法等方面的吻合。
【中考例题】
38. (2015三亚) UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) was ______ in 1946. It works to help children
live a better life.
A. picked up B. put up C. set up D. looked up
39. (2015宜昌) —The organization Wild Aid is ______ to protect the animals.
—It has done a lot so far.
A. cheered up B. picked up C. taken up D. set up
40. (2015青岛) They heard the party was ______ because of the exam.
A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down
41. (2013咸宁) —The fire was finally ______ in Jilin on June 3rd. Unfortunately, 119 people
lost their lives. —I hope the accident like this won’t happen again.
A. put down B. put away C. put out D. put up
42. (2014泸州) The dictionary may ______ for three weeks.
A. keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed
43. (2014无锡) Your application won’t ______ until you complete the survey.
A. accept B. receive C. be accepted D. be received
44. (2014昆明) —______ free breakfast ______ in all schools in China?
—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.
A. Are; made B. Do; serve C. Are; served D. Do; make
45. (2014白银) She ______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married
近年河北省中考被动语态真题
1. (2015) Everybody ______ deeply after they heard the story.
A. moves B. moved C. is moved D. was moved
2. (2014) The pet dog is warm and loving, It ______ as a daughter of my family.
A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated
3. (2013) Annie ______ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
4. (2012) More money ______ when we use both sides of paper.
A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved
4. (2011) The Spring Festival ______ in January or February.
A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated
5. (2010) Hong Kong ______ to be a good place for eating today.
A. knows             B. knew               C. is known         D. was known
6. (2009) Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work ______ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
7. (2008) Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ______ to work for the Olympic Games.
A. is choosing B. is chosen C. was choosing D. was chosen
8. (2007) We ______ to close the windows before we left the lab.
A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told
9. (2006) The children ______ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.
A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught
10. (2005) Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it ______?
A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built
11. (2004) This painting ______ to a museum in New York in 1977.
A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold
12. (2004) Oh, the milk ______ strange—do you think it’s OK to drink?
A. was tasted B. tasted C. is tasting D. tastes
13. (2003) You may go fishing if your work ______.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
14. (2002) The letter is ______ in French. I cannot read it.
A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes
15. (2001) That’s a nice watch! Is it ______ in China?
A. make B. making C. made D. makes
16. (2000) That white building ______ two years ago, but it looks quite old now.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds
17. (1998) His school bag ______ by a woman ten minutes ago.
A. took away B. had taken away C. was taken away D. were taken away
18. (2015邯郸一模) Smoking ______ here. Can’t you see the sign?
A. doesn’t allow B. won’t allow C. isn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed
19. (2015邯郸二模) Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to finish the task tomorrow.
A. give B. are giving C. will give D. will be given
20. (2014邯郸一模) Flowers and trees ______ every year. Now our city is getting more and
more beautiful.
A. are planted B. were planted C. have planted D. were planting
21. (2014邯郸二模) A new gym ______ in our neighbourhood next year.
A. is built B. was built C. has been built D. will be built
22. (2013邯郸一模) It’s said that the telephone ______ by Bell in the 1870s.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. will be invented
23. (2013邯郸二模) —All the mobile phones must ______ before the meeting begins.
—OK, I will.
A. turn off B. turned off C. be turned off D. are turned off
24. (2012邯郸一模) —We haven’t got the new books yet.
—Don’t worry. They _____ to our school tomorrow.
A. are sent B. will send C. will be sent D. are sending
25. (2012邯郸二模) —Handan is becoming much more beautiful. It's like a big garden.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers _____ in our city every year.
A. are planting B. are planted C. were planting D. were planted
完形填空一篇
When I was in my first year of middle school, my father died. And my mother got ill just after I started high school. I had to 1 going to school because my mother had no money to pay my school bills.
We started working in people’s gardens to save up enough money for me to go back to school.
2 , I returned to school. Very sadly, my mother died the next year. Suddenly my world went
3 . I asked my headmaster if I could work for the school 4 I could pay my bills. He was a nice man and let me work in the school garden during the 5 . I had not been able to study well because of my mother’s death. At the end of my second year, I 6 most of my exams and had to repeat the year. After another summer of working in the school garden, I went back to classes again. But suddenly I fell 7 .
Because of my illness, I was weak and couldn’t work at school. I was hopeless (无望的). My headmaster told me not to 8 . And my teachers and classmates helped me a lot. Now, I’m feeling better and will finish my third year.
My life is still not 9 . A few students 10 my poor clothes. They also call me “farmer” because I work in the school garden. But I know I have to deal with (应对) such problems.
1. A. begin B. stop C. hate D. love
2. A. Certainly B. Probably C. Finally D. Usually
3. A. dark B. colorful C. bright D. mad
4. A. because B. but C. until D. so
5. A. holidays B. weekdays C. morning D. afternoon
6. A. passed B. finished C. failed D. took
7. A. tired B. ill C. down D. asleep
8. A. give up B. give out C. go on D. give away
9. A. the same B. hard C. difficult D. easy
10. A. laugh at B. try on C. put on D. take away
参考答案
中考被动语态考点梳理
1-5. DDCDB 6-10. ABBCB 11-15. DCCBB
16-20. BAAAA 21-25. DDDAB 26-30. DBCAA
31-35. BDDAA 36-40. CDCDC 41-45. CBCCB
近年河北省中考被动语态真题
1-5. DCCDB 6-10. DDDBB 11-15. CDABC
16-20. BCCDA 21-25. DCCDB
完形填空一篇
1-5. BCADA 6-10. CBADA
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