2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析.doc

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科教科普类
1、    Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength of their toxicity(毒性). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and interesting.
    Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.
    Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies(策略) they use for feeding. Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve new ways of catching food which couldn’t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.
    Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs and small birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.
    A spider periodically sheds(蜕皮;脱落) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching its final adult stage.
    Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redback males often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and, in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.
    Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catch other annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.
    Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonous ones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those without poison could still have a nasty bite.
1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______.
A.their physical character
B.their ways of getting food
C.the strength of their toxicity
D.their effect on the environment
2.What are the latest spiders in their evolution process?
A.Spiders that chase down insects for food.
B.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.
C.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.
D.Spiders that actively go out to look for insects as food.
3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you’d better ______.
A.kill it
B.feed it
C.let it be
D.chase it out
4.What is the passage mainly talking about?
A.A brief introduction of spiders.
B.The evolution process of spiders.
C.Living harmoniously with spiders.
D.The living and feeing habits of spiders.

2、    Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older. Language experts,however,will tell you that you’re never too old to learn a new language. As you get older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language,though.
    Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life. They study for thousands of hours every year. Because they need to learn language to became part of their communities.Adults,on the other hand,are already part of a language community. Learning a new language means becoming part of another language community,and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do.
    Moreover.children leaning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident Adults,however,often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language.This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language.
    When young children learn a new language,they come to see various languages as a “normal” part of society.This mindset(思维模式) helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like they're doing something unusual or“too hard”.
    So if you want to learn a new language,go for it! It’s never too late to learn a new language. If you're older,it may take more work,but it can be done.If you're a young child,though,now is the time to step out and learn a new language!
1.By “Language is their life”,the author means that children            .
A.can't live without language
B.lead a happy life every day
C.practice a new language a lot
D.are taken good care of adults
2.What may make it hard for the old people to learn a new language!
A.They are afraid of being laughed at.
B.They usually have too many interests.
C.They think making mistakes is natural.
D.They always make all kinds of mistakes.
3.Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning new language?
A.The behaviors they have.
B.The learning attitudes.
C.The future plans they have made.
D.The materials they are using.
4.According to the author,a new language            .
A.can never be learned by the old people
B.can be grasped by the people easily
C.can be understood only by the old people
D.can learned by both the old and the young

3、    Kids and teens are often dismissive of praise from their parents. I am sure that parents out there can relate to this, as we all have been told at one time or another by one or several of our kids,“Stop it, Mom. ’’ or even,“You’re just saying that because you are my parents and you have to say that. " I can assure you, though, that they are listening. They will probably not thank you for this praise until they are in their twenties, but don't let that stop you from praising them during their childhood and teen years. Just be careful how you praise them. A little praise may go a long way —especially if it is the right kind of praise.
    It appears that the way to go is to praise their efforts according to a study by Brummelman, of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and colleagues. These researchers concluded that kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics, because if they are praised for effort, then a poor performance is more likely to be seen as a glitch(小故障), rather than a valid reflection of who they are as individuals.
    Let’s think about this together. If you are a teenager or a child of any age and are constantly told how brilliant you are, then when you do poorly on a test or a few tests, you may feel like you have suddenly lost your status as brilliant and may now feel ashamed that you are merely average or even dumb. If you are a girl who is constantly being told how beautiful you are, then on a day when you don’t look or feel so good, you may decide that you are unattractive. This is the problem that develops when we are praising our kids for global personality characteristics that they can't always live up to.
1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is the right kind of praise?
A.You are a great artist.
B.You are very intelligent.
C.Wow, you have a special gift for music.
D.Your painting has indeed improved due to your efforts.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.All the children should be praised.
B.There’s no need to praise kids and teens.
C.Praise should be beyond children’s expectations.
D.Teens often pay no attention to their parents’ praise.
3.The underlined word “dumb” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _________.
A.stupid
B.unique
C.curious
D.honest
4.The main topic of this passage is _____.
A.why to praise kids and teens
B.how to praise kids and teens
C.different ways to praise kids and teens
D.the importance of praising kids

4、   Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-examination.
    Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.
    In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare’s plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the text rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.
    While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains. When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.
    Scientists went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works. As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than that when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.
    The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere(半球) of the brain, an area connected with “autobiographical memory”, driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.
    Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university’s magnetic resonance center, announced this week: “Classical literature acts like a rocket-booster to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. The research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old.”
1.The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “______”.
A.depends on
B.picks up
C.sets off
D.changes into
2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature?
A.It makes readers’ brain more active than reading common texts.
B.It makes readers’ electrical activity of brain return to normal.
C.It’s helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.
D.It’s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.
3.From the research, we can learn that ______.
A.the readers prefer Shakespeare’s works to the other writers’ works
B.the words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further
C.reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mind
D.poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms
4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?
A.Shakespeare’s plays deserve to be read.
B.Common books are unpopular anymore.
C.Poetry is best for developing people’s brain.
D.Classical works help the brain develop better.

5、    Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to a California District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a person holding a valid state teaching credential (文凭)for the grade being taught”.
    What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family has gone into proceedings (诉讼) that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes a sound education. “For decades we’ve been happily homeschooling, and then this comes up suddenly,” says Mary Griffith, a homeschooling parent. Griffith says California had traditionally given homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for their child.
    This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private school independent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, the children were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right to homeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith says if the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children in off-site homeschooling. “This won't be far-reaching for homeschooling parents."
    That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like to keep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith says the legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for this particular family, it should not set a precedent(先例) for all.
    What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to Darren A. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it is common for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists. “A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend across the nation.’’
1.In Griffith’s opinion, ________.
A.parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children
B.a child must be schooled by an expert with a credential
C.homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole country
D.it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children
2.The underlined word “this” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that ________.
A.parents happily homeschool their children
B.parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children
C.a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credential
D.a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family
3.Why were the particular family’s children enrolled in public schools?
A.To avoid the abuse charges against them.
B.To receive the better education in it.
C.To break away from their parents.
D.To cooperate with the expert’s jobs.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards whether parents have a right to homeschool their children?
A.Supportive.
B.Sympatric.
C.Negative.
D.Objective.

6、    Summer shouldn't mean taking a break from learning, especially reading. Studies show that most students experience a loss of reading skills over the summer months, but children who continue to read actually gain skills. So efforts should be made during the summer to help children keep reading skills, practice reading and read for enjoyment.
    Parents should remember that children need free time in the summer to relax and enjoy the pleasures of childhood. So summer reading should be fun. Following are a few tips to make reading enjoyable for your children this summer:
    Read aloud together with your child every day.
    Make it fun by reading outdoors on the front steps, patio, at the beach or park. Also, let your children read to you.
    Set a good example!
    Keep lots of reading material around the house. Turn off the TV and have each person read his or her book, including Mom and Dad.
    Read the same book your child is reading and discuss it.
    This is the way to develop habits of the mind and build capacity(能力) for thought and insight.
    Let