八年级英语动词不定式的用法.doc

八年级英语语法专题（II）动词不定式的用法
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动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语情势，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成情势为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，是以，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具出名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。根据新课标八年级要求介绍近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结八年级英语下册总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。
一、动词不定式作主语
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(BeiJing市海淀区)
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)
Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B
［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作情势主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：
(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.
⑵It is +名词(for sb)to do sth
.⑶It takes sb some time to do sth
.⑷It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式
(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与前置词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式⑷中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与前置词for搭配，暗示不定式暗示的动作、举动的性质。
注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不比一见。(错)It is to believe to see.
It's for sb.和It's of sb.
1) for sb.常用于暗示物质的特征特点，暗示客观情势的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来讲学两门外语是很难的。
2) of sb的句型一般用暗示人物的性格，道德，暗示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是八年级下册英语语法太好了。
for与of的辨别要领：用前置词后面的代词作主语，用前置词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，欠亨则用for。如：You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，欠亨，是以应用for。)
A.It is right to stop killing wild animals.
B.It is the best time to visit USA in summer.
C.It is helpful for us to learn English well.
二、动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D
［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作情势宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面
Sb + V + it（情势宾语）+ agj（形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。
3、动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)
Key： 1. B 2. C
［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。
四、动词不定式作状语
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (川蜀)
Key： 1. A 2. C
［简析］go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
3. I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)
5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)
Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A
［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂布局中的不定式作状语，常暗示原因或体式格局。
6. The panda is so large that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思不异的句子)
The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a large panda to go through. (广东省)
7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思不异的句子)
The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广八年级下册生物总结东省)
Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on
［简析］在上述＂too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足够……做……)布局中，不定式作结果状语。
so\such......... that........如此......乃至......的用法及与其他句型的互换.
A.Sb\Sth +be\ V+ so + adj\adv (a\an+adj +n)+that + can't\couldn't.........
= Sb\Sth +be\ V+ too+adj\adv(for+Sb\Sth)+to+V ...... .....如此......乃至....=太而.....不能.....
B、.so that to =in order to+V动词\that+从句 ......为了\以便于......
C、.Sb\Sth +be+ so + adj形容词＋a \an \+n \V +adv副词(so +little\many\much.... such +a\an+adj +n名形容词+名词)+that + can\ould
=.Sb\Sth +be\ V+adj\adv +enough足够的+ to+V.....如此.....乃至于.....=......足够.......干..........
如：他太年轻了而不能去上课。
A. He is too young to go to school.
B. He is so young that he can’t go to school
C． He is n’t old enough to go to school.
D. He is so a young boy that he can’t go to school
（ ）一、The water is ____ dirty _____ the animals can’t drink it.
A. too . to B.so. that C. such ,that D. n’t ,enough to 谜底是A
（ ）二、The computer cost ____much money _____ I can’t afford to buy it.(谜底选项同1)谜底：B。因money前有 much所以不能用 such
3．环境的污染如此严重，一些濒危动物无法保存下去。
Environment _____ _____ _____ for endrangered animals to live on.
五、动词不定式作定语
1. Would you like something ______?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)
2. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)
3. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)
Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D
［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被润色的词和词组然后，与被润色的词和词组为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要
的前置词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。
6、不带to的动词不定式
1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)
2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)
3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)
4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省)
Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
［简析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补八年级英语语法足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在＂。。。had better+V/not +V最好干。。。＂后面接不带to的不定式。
七、动词不定式的否认情势
1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.
A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didn't jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)
2. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)
3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.
A. have， not to be B. have， not be
C. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)
Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C
［简析］动词不定式的否认情势通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing情势的区别
1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)
2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?
——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)
3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?
——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)
4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). (用所给单词的不错情势填空)(川蜀)
Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking
［简析］一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing情势的区别如下：＂stop to do sth＂意为＂停止正在做的事情去做另一件事＂，＂stop doing sth＂意
为＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remember to do sth＂意为＂记住去做某事＂(事还未做)，＂remember doing sth＂意为＂记得做过某事＂(事已做)：＂go on to do sth＂意为＂接着做某事＂(做完一事，接着做另一事)，＂go on doing sth＂意为＂继续做某事＂(一事未做完接着往下做)：＂forget to do sth＂意为＂忘了做某事＂(事还未做)，＂forget doing sth＂意为＂忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)。
5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)
6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.
A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)
Key： 5. B 6. A
［简析］在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可八年级下册政治总结接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing情势作宾语补足语，用不定式暗示动作的全历程(动作已竣事)，用动词的-ing情势暗示动作正在进行(动作尚未竣事)。
九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留
1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?
A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)
2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
______. What time are we going to meet?
A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm glad C. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大连市)
Keys： 1. D 2. C
［简析］在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不成省略。这类用法常见于＂be glad to＂，＂would like (love) to＂，＂have to＂等布局中。
10、另外注意1）、带双宾语的及物动词，如：give …Sth.. to Sb ,.send….. to .bring….. to take….. to teach….. to want….. to.. lend…. to… ,show ....to ...etc to可以作前置词用+人/物/地点,大部分带双宾语的动词是接 to +Sb（间接宾语），而cook /buy read Sth for + Sb (见Module 10 课本１７９)Sb
注意：V +Sth +prep +Sb =V +Sb +Sth(指人的间接宾语在直接宾语前，要省略前置词to ) ．
E. g :Please you lend your pen to me .
= Please you lend me your pen.
请你借笔给我．
E.G ( )1.Could you __________ ? Certainly. A.borrow your pen to me B.lend your pen from me C.lend me your pen.谜底:C双宾语把指人的间接宾语提前,省略“to”，是lend是借进之意。
（ ）二、I cook my family ______ dinner. A. for B. to C./ 谜底：A。 除了 cook.buy ,read 外，其余大部分动词接双宾语是+ to（见课本178页）。
2）、另外还要注意一些词+V-ING 作宾语。Enjoy,keep,mind,finish, still.practice,countine
A.He has finished reading the novels 他已经读完了这些小说.
B. She has kept waiting for me for a long time. 她已经等我很久了。
C.Practice speaking English as much as possible.
3）、一些短语固定搭配 、、、最好干、、、’d(had) better +V/not+V
You’d better go to school early. 你最好早去八年级英语下册总结上课。
He’ had better not be late for school .他最好上课别迟到。
四、.....prefer+v-ing ...to+V-ing=....like+to+V\V-ing better than.+V-ing.....=....prefer to +V... rather than+V=.. would +V... instead of +V-ing=would+V…rather+V …喜欢....而不喜欢...\宁可....而不..A.He prefer smimming to running.=Helikes to swim better than running.=B.He____ ____ swim_____ _____ run.=C.He______ swim ______ ______ running