情感异化理论下乌托邦精神的异化英语论文.docx

本科生毕业论文（设计）册

学院 XXX学院
专业 英语教育
班级 XXXX级英语教育X班
学生 XXX
指导教师 XXX

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目： 情感异化理论下乌托邦精神的异化
学院： XXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XXXX级英语教育X班
学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：XX

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是用情感异化理论探讨乌托邦精神的异化过程及其表现。其主要任务是弄清乌托邦精神异化的原因。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容
本论文分为三章，第一章佛洛姆的情感异化理论，第二章介绍乌托邦精神异化的表现，最后一章讨论了乌托邦精神异化的原因。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是前人对乌托邦精神异化解读的成果。
研究路线是运用情感异化理论，对乌托邦精神异化的这一现实进行细致的分析。

4、主要参考文献
Bibliography
Nineteen Eighty-Four
[1] Brooks, Cleanth, Warren, Robert Penn. Understanding Fiction. 3th Edition，Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，London：Pearson Education,2004.
[2] Corry, John. How Do You Like Your Orwell?. The American Spectator, 2003/2004．
[3]吴元迈. 20 世纪英国文学史. 青岛：青岛出版社,2004.
[4]张中载. 十年后再读十年后再读《一九八四》——评乔治· 奥威尔. 外国文学,
1996(1).

5、计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月16日前
2
与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月16日-3月23日
3
提交论文提纲
3月23日-3月30日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月30日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前
指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月
注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 英语教育 专业 XXXX 届
学生
姓名
XXX
论文（设计）题目
情感异化理论下乌托邦精神的异化
指导
教师
XXX
专业
职称
XX
所属教研室
英语基础教研室
研究方向
教学法与语言学

课题论证：本论文用情感异化理论探讨乌托邦精神的异化过程及其表现并进一步阐释乌托邦精神异化的原因。

方案设计：第一章佛洛姆的情感异化理论，
第二章介绍乌托邦精神异化的表现，
第三章讨论乌托邦精神异化的原因。

进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目
3月23日前写开题报告、任务书
3月30日前提交论文提纲
4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述
5月8日前交终稿和评议书
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日
教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述
Literature Review
The research on Orwell’s life and his masterpiece Nineteen Eighty-Four has been going
on for many years at home and abroad. In the western critic circle, many critics based on the
innuendo and criticism of Soviet socialism in Nineteen Eighty-Four make a subjective
judgment that Orwell must support capitalism. Nineteen Eighty-Four was also taken to be as a
propaganda weapon of liberal ideology. Although during this period, many commentators
have pointed out that the true nature of Nineteen Eighty-Four is a warning, but a situation that
the comments biased and limited to its ideas and themes didn’t come to an overall
improvement until the end of the Cold War. In the past 20 years, with the world’s situation
changing, study on Nineteen Eighty-Four from abroad is no longer limited to the analysis of its political ideas and themes, but has expanded to an analysis from multiple angles of
literature, feminism, negative effects of science and technology, post-colonialism, and so on.
According to different angled of analysis, the researches about Nineteen Eighty-Four
both foreign and domestic focus on four main directions, that is, the political stance, the
authenticity of the prophecy, feminism, and comparison with other literary works.
Political connotation has been the focus of scholars’ research on Nineteen Eighty-Four.
The judgment of the political position Orwell holds in Nineteen Eighty-Four has made an
impact on the spread and research of his book all the time. During the Cold War, Orwell was
billed as an “anti-Soviet propaganda writer” in the western literature. Thus, Nineteen
Eighty-Four was resisted by some people in America, especially by the leftists. They believed
that Nineteen Eighty-Four directed its attack at Stalin’s totalitarian rule, and thus Orwell was a
writer of anti-communism and an ally of imperialists. However, this view is challenged by
others. The dissentient voice is based on the study that Orwell’s early works reflected his
aversion to colonialism and imperialism, such as Shooting an Elephant, and come to the
conclusion that Orwell is an anti-imperialist and Nineteen Eighty-Four only expressed its
concerns about totalitarianism, therefore Orwell is marginalized as a “leftist” writer. With the
end of the Cold War and the reduction of the ideological impact, the evaluation of Orwell’s
political stance reflected in Nineteen Eighty-Four has tended to be objective by degree. David
A. Goodman made it clear in 60th Anniversary of the Publication of Orwell <NineteenEighty-Four> that “Literary critics usually think that George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is opposed to Stalin of the Soviet Union, but in fact it concerns a socialist totalitarian
society which is out of control” (Goodman, 1984: 33). Similarly, Zhu Kunling makes a conclusion
in Orwell’ s Dystopia and His Focus on the Political Realities – Brief Comments on Orwell and
His Masterpiece < Nineteen Eighty-Four> that “ In Nineteen Eighty-Four, what Orwell
criticizes is not a particular person or political system, but all the dictators and authoritarian
governments on Earth through the ages” (Zhu, 2000: 96). Zou Jie makes a further
consideration Another Comment on George Orwell and His <Animal Farm> and < Nineteen
Eighty-Four> that “Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four criticizes the drawbacks of the Soviet
Union, but at that time the socialism of Soviet Union had been deteriorating for a long time,
the Soviet model is only one kind of socialism”, so “Orwell’s anti-communism seems
impossible”(Zou, 2000: 12—13). Currently, according to the in-depth analysis of Nineteen
Eighty-Four coupled with Orwell’s political stance he described personally, domestic and
foreign scholars have reached a basic agreement that Nineteen Eighty-Four reflects Orwell
violates all totalitarian oppression, and desires for freedom and equality, in fact he really aids
socialism, but it is the one he imagines in his way.
The critics have been debating the accuracy of Nineteen Eighty-Four, a political
prophecy. Starting from the logic of totalitarian development, Orwell mades a bold prediction
about the society in future, and speculates on operational mechanism of the powers and the
means of controlling ideology. By a detailed analysis of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Goodman
pointed out that among 137 scientific, technological and social changes predicted in the book,
there were 100 changes having been realized in the mid-1970s. Without exception Orwell’s
predictions were all on the basis of social reality at that time, and he drew them by technical
processing. Just because of this point, critics attacked Nineteen Eighty-Four that it was not but
a copy of the reality at that time, especially the one of the Soviet Union. With thedevelopment of the times, they believed that history also had validated the error of George Orwell’s predictions.
After 1984 many critics held an optimistic attitude that this is just a false alarm, and
thought that Orwell’s fictional imagination in Nineteen Eighty-Four had passed away. Krishan
Kumar mentioned Epstein’s view in the book review On Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and
Our Future, and he thought “With the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the elimination of
totalitarianism, Nineteen Eighty-Four will be read continuously, but only as a work belonging
to a particular stage. Obviously, Orwell is a failed prophet” (Kumar, 2006: 407). This series of
superficial views on Nineteen Eighty-Four fail to realize its far-reaching significance, and are
objected by more critics. These critics argue that the title of Nineteen Eighty-Four is given by
reversing the last two digits of the year 1948 when Orwell wrote the book, in order to express
a kind of irony. The totalitarian world depicted in the book will not necessarily appear in 1984;
maybe it will come true in 2050, 2084 or 3000. As mentioned in a book review, “1984, this
figure is not important, but the significance of the totalitarianism it indicates” (Kumar, 2006:
405). Therefore, while it is a long time since 1984, the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four still
affects many people, with inspiration for many of today’s heated issues today.
Nineteen Eighty-Four does not involve women in its topic, but Blu Tirohl argued in Orwell’s Exploration: Nineteen Eighty-Four: Use Sex to Resist that “Orwell’s contact
experience with females makes the women he described in the book appears extremely
superficial” (Tirohl, 2000: 60). Julia, the heroine in Nineteen Eighty-Four, is a figure with an
empty mind and little knowledge. She has no interest in the protagonist Winston’s resistance
to oppression and authoritarianism. As for the feminist critics rising in the late 1960s, it can’t
be too appropriate to take Nineteen Eighty-Four as a target of criticism. Feminist critics argue
that what Orwell shows us is a world dominated by men, at the same time the image of
women like a mother the protagonist yearning for has many flavours of the traditional women.
Robert M Kirschen pointed out in Modernism and progress: Fitzgerald, Hemingway and
Orwell that American writer Daphne Patty is a main critic among the feminist critics who
committed to criticize Orwell. She proposed in Orwell’s Mystique: the Research of
Patriarchal Ideology that “Orwell is a misogynist. In other respects, he is a very excellent
person, but his remarks about women are unacceptable” (Kirschen, 2008: 163). However,
Chinese writer Wang Xiaomei, in the Male-centered Theory in Nineteen Eighty-Four, makes a
deep exploration of the background of Orwell’s discrimination against women, analyzed the
causes, and summarized the characteristics of the heroine Julia, which makes a further step in
the domestic research of this area (Wang, 2005: 87—94).
Some researches about Nineteen Eighty-Four study it by comparing it with other writers’
works. Nineteen Eighty-Four by Orwell, Brave New World by British writer Huxley and We
by Russian writer Zamyatin are known as “trilogy of dystopia in the 20th century”. These
three dystopian novels are often inevitably made a comparison with one another. Krishan
Kmnar made a comparison between Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World in the book
review On Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and Our Future. He thought “Brave New World is a
better prediction, because American society is to a large extent similar to one of utility and
enjoyment depicted in the book. But Nineteen Eighty-Four is a better novel, because the book conveys the depth of Orwell’s thinking and expresses the fear of totalitarianism in a unique
writing style” (Kumar, 2006: 407). Robert M Kirschen also wrote an article to point out that
Orwell, Fitzgerald and Hemingway had many similarities, because they all contributed to the
development of civilization in the 20th century. Kirschen especially took Nineteen
Eighty-Four as an example, and said “what Orwell wrote is not only the advancement of
science and technology, but ideological progress” (Kirschen, 2008: 159). Similarly, John
Corry also made a comparison between Orwell and Hemingway in What Is George Orwell to
You, but from a different angle, he concerned the common male-centered ideology in their
works (Corry, 2003/2004: 67). In order to introduce the study of Nineteen Eighty-Four into
Chinese context, many Chinese scholars compared with the works of our country from
different angles and entry points. For example, Huang Ling compared Nineteen Eighty-Four
with Old Clouds from the perspective that ideological control would make people lose their
freedom of spirit (Huang, 2005: 63—66).
In addition to the four main aspects mentioned previously, a few scholars studied this
classic work from viewpoint of linguistics, narratology, existentialism of Sartre or Lacan.
Although these researches are not large-scale right now, they have made certain progress,
expanded the area of research, and increased the possibility for the academic to make a
multi-dimensional study on Nineteen Eighty-Four in future.

本科生毕业论文设计

题目情感异化理论下论乌托邦精神的异化

作者姓名 XXX
指导教师 XXX
所在学院 XXXX学院
专业（系） 英语教育
班级（届） XXXX级 1班

完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 8 日

On The Alienation of Utopia’s Spirit Under The Theory of Alienation of Affection

By
XXXX

Prof. XXXX, supervisor

A Thesis
Submitted to the Foreign Languages
Institute in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts at
XXXXUniversity
May XXXX

Abstract

Since the existence of human beings, people always pursue delightful and hamonious life. However, unequality always accompanies the process of human’s development, which forces the individuals to seek good way to seek equal society. Of those, the writers envisaged ideal state and institutions in their works. Brave New World (1932) by British writer Huxley We by Russian writer Zamyatin (1920) and Geoge Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four are of the most representitive.These three works are known as “Trilogy of Anti-utopian”.
Orwell is regard as the cold conscience of 20th century. His genuine foresight is admired by the public.His two unti-utopian novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm are masterpieces.The unti-totalitarianism was fully demonstrated in Nineteen Eighty-Four, where the Oceania shares a large number of common characteristcs with Nazi German and Soviet Union in 20th century. As for China where the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution once flourished, after reading the novel, I cannot help but marvel. I kept considering one question after reading the novel, that is why the wonderful state becomes a devil which swallows freedom and humanity. Futunately, with the help of Fromn’s Theory of Alienation of Affection, I can interpret the question from a specific perspective.
The introduction gives a brief presentation about Orwell, his works and literature review.The body can further be divided into three chapters. Chapter one is about Fromn and his theory. Chaper two tells the forms of alienation. And Chapter three interpret the causes of alienation.

Key words : Nineteen Eigty-Four Geoge Orwell Anti-totalitarianism

中文摘要

自人类诞生以来，人们一直追求着幸福和谐的生活，然而不平等却始终伴随着人类的历史发展过程。这促使一些有识之士不断探求社会平等之良策，其中一些作家在其作品里构设理想的社会和国度。这其中最具代表性的是英国赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，俄国作家扎米亚京的《我们》和乔治奥威尔的《1984》，这三部作品也被称为反乌托邦三部曲。
奥威尔被誉为二十世纪的良心，其天才的预见力为世人所叹服。他的两部反乌托邦小说《1984》和《动物庄园》可以称为巨著。《1984》里表现出强烈的反极权主义思想，文中虚构的国度与二十世纪苏联，纳粹德国的历史很相像。对于经历过“大跃进”和“文革”的中国人来说，读罢此书，不禁让人唏嘘不已。读完此书，我一直在思考一个问题，那就是为什么原来设想的很美好的国度却成为吞噬自由与人性的恶魔，幸运的是借助于佛洛姆的异化情感理论可以阐释其中缘由。这就是我为什么要写此篇论文。
引言部分简要介绍的乔治奥威尔的生平及其主要作品，以及后来的研究学者对于奥威尔的研究。主体部分可以进一步分为三个章节。第一章介绍了佛洛姆的生平事迹和他的理论成果。第二章分析了异化的形式及其表现。第三章根据佛洛姆的理论，进一步阐释了其异化的原因。
关键词：《1984》 乔治奥威尔 反乌托邦主义
Contents
Abstract
摘要
Introduction
Chapter One The Theory of Aliention of Affection 10
A Erich Frommand his theory of aliention……………………………………...…10
1 Erich Fromm…………………………………………………………………….10
2 Erich Fromm’s theory of