2022版高考英语一轮复习-17-小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等课时提能练.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 17 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习 17 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等课时提能练

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课时提能练(十七)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·黑龙江省六校协作体模拟)We all like fantasy stories，and grow up reading and listening to fantasies.These tales fuel our imaginations，and satisfy our longings for adventures.The most interesting thing about fantasies is that their plots involve magical beasts and heroes，animal creatures talking like humans，and other things we can't see in real life.Also，fantasies have a distinguished writing style，with freedom of expression.
Toy Fantasy
In toy fantasy stories，narrators(叙述者)bring their beloved toys to life that can live，talk，think，breathe and behave like human beings.You would see modern toy fantasies in a picture book format. Representative works are A．A.Milne's Winnie the Pooh and Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio.
Animal Fantasy
The animal fantasy tells tales about animals behaving like human beings，experiencing emotions，and having the ability to talk.However，animals in fantasies hold their various animal characteristics，too.Examples include The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame，Charlotte's Web by E．B.White，and The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter which influences children around the world.
Magical Fantasy
In a magical fantasy，you see a character having magical powers，or a strange magical object becomes the subject of the story.Stories of this type began widely spreading long ago，including Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and William Steig's Sylvester and the Magic Pebble.
Modern Folktales
Modern folktales are types of fantasy that narrators tell in a traditional tale accompanying some typical parts，such as strong conflict，little description of characters，and sometimes magical elements.These tales come before all others and are popular，as authors throughout history have written them.Hans Christian Andersen has written several tales of this category including The Nightingale，The Emperor's New Clothes and Thumbelina.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了奇幻文学的几种类型：玩具奇幻、动物奇幻、魔法奇幻以及现代民间故事。
1．What is the common feature of the fantasies?
A．Their characters are highly popular.
B．Their events occur in the unreal world.
C．Their writing styles show desires for freedom.
D．Their plots encourage people to have adventures.
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“and other things we can't see in real life”可推断，这些奇幻文学作品中发生的事情在现实世界中不会发生，即它们发生在虚幻世界中，故选项B符合题意。
【干扰项分析】文章第一段仅提到“their plots involve magical beasts and heroes，animal creatures talking like humans，and other things”，无法断定故事中的角色都受欢迎，故排除A项；第一段最后一句中的“fantasies have a distinguished writing style，with freedom of expression”表明奇幻文学的写作风格体现了表达自由，并非是对自由的渴望，故排除C项；根据第一段的“These tales fuel our imaginations，and satisfy our longings for adventures.”可知，这些故事可以满足我们对冒险的渴望，而非鼓励人们去冒险，故排除D项。]
2．Who made a great contribution to the animal fantasy?
A．Carlo Collodi.　　　 B．Beatrix Potter.
C．William Steig. D．Hans Christian Andersen.
B　[细节理解题。根据Animal Fantasy部分中的关键信息“The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter which influences children around the world.”可知，Beatrix Potter对动物奇幻作出了很大的贡献。]
3．Which type of fantasy has the longest history?
A．The toy fantasy. B．The animal fantasy.
C．The magical fantasy. D．The modern folktales.
D　[细节理解题。根据Modern Folktales部分中的“These tales come before all others and are popular，as authors throughout history have written them.”可知，现代民间故事出现得最早。 ]
B
(2020·贵州省适应性测试)The shadow play is a typical traditional entertainment that has survived and thrived over the centuries. It is taken as an earliest ancestor of modern cinema.
Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago，Emperor Wu of Han was very depressed about the death of his favorite concubine(妃子)．To help him get over his sadness, a minister made a puppet out of cotton and silk in the likeness of the concubine and projected its shadow on a curtain for the emperor to see.The show brought the emperor some comfort.He somehow believed the shadow was his lover's spirit. This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play.
One mouth tells stories of thousands of years；a pair of hands operate millions of soldiers.This is how the shadow puppeteet works.Nicknamed “the business of the five”，a shadow play group is made up of five people.One operates the puppets，one plays a suona and a yueqin，one plays the banhu，one is in charge of percussion(打击乐器)instruments，and one sings.
During performances，“actors” are held close to a white curtain with their colored shadows cast on it by a strong light from behind.The operator plays five puppets at the same time，each of which has three threads.Ten fingers handle fifteen threads.Moved by guiding sticks，the puppets play roles with musical accompaniment. The popularity of the shadow play in some way lies in the equipment being light and easy to carry，the small number of people needed for a performance，and the flexible requirements for performance places.The plays can be quite dramatic and，when it comes to myths or kung fu stories，the “actors”may be made to ride on clouds or perform unusual feats，to the great enjoyment of the audience，especially children.
The design of the figures follows traditional moral evaluation.The audience can tell a figure's character by seeing his mask.Like the masks in Beijing opera，a red mask represents loyalty and bravery，a black mask，integrity(正直)and selflessness, and a white one, wickedness and betrayal.
Nowadays，the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术——皮影戏，重点介绍了一个有关皮影戏起源的故事、皮影戏的表演特点以及其发展现状。
4．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．A love story of Emperor Wu of Han.
B．How to please an emperor.
C．The origin of the shadow play.
D．How to make a cotton puppet.
C　[段落大意题。通读第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句“This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play”可知，该段主要介绍了皮影戏的起源。故C项正确。]
5．According to the author，the audience may take great pleasure________.
A．when roles are played without music
B．because the equipment is light to carry
C．when the puppets give lively performances
D．because the number of the operators is small
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，当表演神话和武打故事时，“演员”会表演惊人的技艺，这会给人留下深刻的印象，使观众特别是孩子们获得极大的快乐，故C项正确。
【干扰项分析】A项错在“without music”，根据第三段尾句可知，皮影戏表演包含打击乐器和演唱，故A项错误；B、D两项说的是皮影戏的道具很轻，便于携带以及参演人员少的特点，与题意无关。]
6．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Rapid Development of Beijing Opera
B．Shadow Puppetry：A Traditional Art
C．The Business of the Five：A Shadow Play Group
D．Traditional Characters and Masks in Beijing Opera
B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句给出了本文要介绍的话题；又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术——皮影戏，重点介绍了一个有关皮影戏起源的故事以及皮影戏的表演特点等。故B项最适合作本文标题。]
7．What is the author's attitude towards the future of the shadow play?
A．Negative.　　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.
C　[观点态度题。根据文章尾句“Nowadays，the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism.”可知，如今，皮影戏已经工业化，并开发了一系列的旅游产品，以推广中国文化和旅游业。据此可以推知，作者对皮影戏的未来持积极乐观的态度，故C项正确。]
C
(2020·广州市综合测试)After 400 years，William Shakespeare(1564­1616)is still widely celebrated as a great craftsman of language and playwright(剧作家)．But he was not the only great master of dramatic writing to die in 1616，and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting impact on theatre.While less famous worldwide，Tang Xianzu is rightly considered China's greatest playwright and is highly admired in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.
Tang was born in 1550 in Linchuan，Jiangxi Province，and worked as a government official until，in 1598，he retired to focus on writing.Unlike Shakespeare having plenty of plays and poems，Tang wrote only four major plays：The Purple Hairpin，A Dream Under the Southern Bough，Dream of Handan and The Peony Pavilion—widely considered to be his masterpiece.In the latter three plays，much of the story is told through dream sequences.Tang used these scenes to explore human emotions in ways that challenged the feudal system of his time.It is a similar dream structure that we find in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Tang lived towards the end of the Ming dynasty(1368­1644) and his lasting success was partly due to the growth of theatre as an artistic practice during his lifetime. As in Shakespeare's England，it became hugely popular in China，with public theatres opening in different cities and traveling performance groups becoming common.Theatrical audiences started to populate open public spaces，and theatre as a popular form of entertainment found its place outside palaces.However，unlike in Shakespeare's England，there was hardly any mixing of the rich with commoners at theatrical events.
During this time，the way in which dramas were enjoyed，spread and performed also changed.Initially, Chinese dramas had an emphasis on poetic language and were distributed in book form，to be read like novels.They were seldom，if ever，performed.However，from the mid­16th century，Kunqu opera，a form of musical drama，spread from southern China and became a symbol of Chinese culture.
While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other，they have in common the humanity of their drama，their heroic figures，their love for language，the lasting popularity—and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.
【语篇解读】　与莎士比亚同时代的中国伟大的剧作家汤显祖在中国备受赞誉。本文主要介绍了汤显祖的代表作和他的作品的特点以及他所处时代的中国戏剧的相关情况。
8．Why does the writer refer to Shakespeare throughout this article about Tang?
A．To compare the writing styles of the writers.
B．To emphasize Tang's importance in literature.
C．To assess the achievements of these two great writers.
D．To examine the different influences of Tang and Shakespeare.
B　[目的意图题。根据第一段，特别是该段尾句“While less famous worldwide，Tang Xianzu is rightly considered China's greatest playwright and is highly admired in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.”可知，作者开篇通过莎士比亚引出汤显祖后，接着说明虽然汤显祖在世界上不太出名，但他被认为是中国最伟大的剧作家是理所当然的，而且他在中国这个有着古老的文学和戏剧传统的国家里备受赞誉。又结合下文第二、三、五段中关于莎士比亚和汤显祖的各个方面的异同点可以判断，作者在文章中提及莎士比亚是为了强调汤显祖在文学上的重要地位，故B项正确。]
9．What distinguishes The Purple Hairpin from Tang's other plays?
A．It does not rely heavily on dream scenes.
B．It is widely considered to be his best work.
C．It is the only play to be publicly performed.
D．It challenges the feudal system of ancient China.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike Shakespeare having plenty of plays and poems，Tang wrote only four major plays：The Purple Hairpin，A Dream Under the Southern Bough，Dream of Handan and The Peony Pavilion”“In the latter three plays，much of the story is told through dream sequences.”可知，与莎士比亚撰写大量的戏剧和诗不同，汤显祖只写了四部主要的戏剧——《紫钗记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》《牡丹亭》；在后三部戏剧中，大部分故事都是通过梦境片段来讲述的。据此可知，《紫钗记》与其他三部作品的不同点是这部作品没有过度依靠梦境，故A项正确。]
10．What characteristic was shared by both English and Chinese theatre during Tang's lifetime?
A．Music and poetry were present in most performances.
B．The popularity of public theatrical performances grew rapidly.
C．Different social classes often attended the same performances.
D．Most plays were written to be read as novels rather than to be performed.
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“As in Shakespeare's England，it became hugely popular in China，with public theatres opening in different cities and traveling performance groups becoming common.”可知，在汤显祖所处的时代，在英国和中国，戏剧作为一种艺术习俗变得广受欢迎，公共的剧院在不同的城市营业，巡回演出团变得普遍，故B项正确。]
11．Which of the following would the author probably agree with?
A．Tang's plays are as remarkable as his poems.
B．Tang's plays are more famous than Shakespeare's.
C．Tang is one of the best playwrights in Chinese history.
D．Tang and Shakespeare knew of each other's works.
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段尾句中的“Tang Xianzu is rightly considered China's greatest playwright”可知，汤显祖被认为是中国最伟大的剧作家是理所当然的，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·淄博市部分学校模拟)One of the great benefits of being able to record sound is to make books available for listening.With the appearance of audio(音频的)recordings，many people were able to hear literary classics read aloud.Audio books are，of course，books read aloud and recorded to be listened to on some kind of player.As sound technology has changed，audio books have changed，as well.
1 Now，books are also available on audio tape or CD.
Talking books are books created for people who have sight problems.Some of these talking books often need special players to be used.Many visually damaged people are able to receive players for free. 2
CD technology has caused great changes in the talking book industry，since more data can be written on a single disc. 3 So the visually damaged person has a multi­use machine.
4 Some are even read in the form of a play，in which different actors take the parts of the characters in the book.They may also have sound effects or music to help improve the listening experience.
Some book clubs have started offering audio books as part of their services. Libraries also have audio books available and they may also be purchased online or at any book store. 5 Those who feel they do not have time to enjoy the pleasure of a good book may find audio books to be the next best thing.
A．They are no longer available only on volumes.
B．Many talking book players will also play music CDs.
C．Audio books are popular with travelers and busy individuals.
D．Many audio books also feature famous actors reading the books.
E．People can listen to a personal music player whenever they want.
F．It is an affordable option if you typically listen to more than one book a month.
G．These players enable them to play their talking books independently，without the help of a sighted person.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有声书籍，以及它的发展变化。
1．A　[根据上一句“As sound technology has changed，audio books have changed，as well.”和下一句“Now，books are also available on audio tape or CD”可知，选A。]
2．G　[根据前文“Many visually damaged people are able to receive players for free.”可知，此处应该承接上文，进一步解释说明这些播放器使他们能够独立播放有声书籍，而不需要视力正常的人的帮助。故选G。]
3．B　[根据上文“CD technology has caused great changes in the talking book industry，since more data can be written on a single disc.”可知，许多有声书籍播放器也会播放音乐光盘，此处顺应下文“So the visually damaged person has a multi­use machine.”，故选B。]
4．D　[此处是本段的主题句。根据后文“Some are even read in the form of a play，in which different actors take the parts of the characters in the book.”可知，许多有声书籍也以著名演员来阅读为特色。故选D。]
5．C　[根据后文“Those who feel they do not have time to enjoy the pleasure of a good book may find audio books to be the next best thing.”可知，有声书深受旅行者和忙碌的人的欢迎，故选C。]