动词的时态教案.doc

动词时态
主动

过去
现在
将来
一般
did
do
will do
进行
was/were doing
am/is/are doing
will be doing
完成
had done
have done
will have done

被动

过去
现在
将来
一般
was/were done
am/is/are done
will be done
进行
Was/were being done
am/is/are being done
will be being done
完成
Had been done
have been done
will have been done

一． 一般现在时
1. 表示现阶段经常性习惯性的动作或存在的状态或客观真理。时间状语：often, usually, always, sometimes, every day/week等。
He usually goes to school by bike.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.
You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.
3. Begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。
Class begins at eight in the morning.
二． 一般将来时
1. 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, soon, in a few days等连用。
I will go to my hometown next week.
2. 一般将来时有以下几种形式：
（1） will+动词原形
（2） be going to+动词原形，表示即将发生某事或打算、计划要做某事。
I’m going to do my homework this evening.
（3） come, go, start, move, leave, travel等动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事情。
When are you starting?
3. Will和be going to的区别
will表示意愿：I will help you.
will表示客观将来：I will be 22 years old next year.
be going to表示打算、准备做某事：I‘m going to leave next Monday.

be going tp表示根据迹象判断可能要发生的事：Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.
三． 现在进行时
1. am/is/are+现在分词，表示现在正在进行的动作。其时间状语为now或现在的具体时刻，也可从上下文体现出来。
He is reading a book now.
2. “系动词+介词、副词”也可表示正在进行的动作。
She is at work now.
3. 表示感觉、愿望的一些动词一般不用进行时态，如hope, smell, hear, see, like。
四． 现在完成时
1. 现在完成时可表示已经完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常和副词never, ever, just, already, yet连用。
——Haven’t you finished your homework yet?
——Yes, I have. I’ve just finished it.
2. 现在完成时也可以表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和时间状语for····years, before, recently, once, twice, for, since, yet等连用。
I’ve known him for five years.
We have lived here since 2010.
3. 延续性动词和终止性动词的用法
常见延续性动词：work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep, sing, live等
常见终止性动词：die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jump, join, buy, borrow, start, begin等
（1） 表示动作、状态持续时，用延续性动词。
I’ve worked here for three years.
（2） 延续性动词不与表示点的时间连用。
（3） 终止性动词的否定形式可以表示延续性动作。
He didn’t come back until 11:00.
（4） 终止性动词不能用表示时间段的状语来修饰。
The old man has died for three years. ✘
The old man died three years ago. ✔
The old man has been dead for three years. ✔
4. 常见的终止性动词要接时间段时，需做如下转换：
动词变动词
buy→have, borrow→keep
变为be+adj./adv.
begin→be on, die→be dead, finish→be over, marry→be married, return→be back, go→be off
变为be+介词短语
join→be in, put on→be in或wear

5. 重要句型
（1） It has been+时间段+since从句（动词用过去式）
It has been 5 months since he married.
（2） 时间段+has been passed since从句（动词用过去式）
Many years has been passed since we knew each other.
五． 过去完成时
过去完成时表示到过去的某一时间动作已经完成，在时间上有“过去的过去”之意。
1. by/before+过去时间。
He had learnt over 1000 English words by the end of last lerm.
2. before/when引导的一般过去式的从句。
Tom had already been here before his mother came.
3. 间接引语中，主句为过去式，从句表达完成时的意思时，从句用过去完成时。
He said he had known nothing about her until then.
4. 常和由for， since引导的表示时间段的短语或从句连用。
He had studied in school for five years before he moved here.
We hadn’t seen each other since I left school.
六． 其他时态
1. 一般过去时表示过去某事件发生的事或存在的状态，常用时间状语为表示过去的时间点。
It rained heavily last night.
2. 过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作，常用时间状语为at that time, at six yesterday, at that moment,等连用。
They were have a class this time yesterday.
3. 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句，主句为一般过去式，宾语从句表达将要发生的事情时用过去将来时。
They never thought that the population would become a big problem.
七． 做题要点
1. 时间状语提示法
例如：for...,since...,so far , in the past ....years用现在完成时。
2. 固定句型法
3. 例如：主将从现等。

习题：
1. ——I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
——Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _____.
A.starts B.started C.will start D.is starting
2. If the weather _____ fine, we ____ have a sports meeting this weekend.
A.will be;will B.is;will C.was;would
3. Every year I ____ the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
A.enter B.entered C.entered for D.enter for

4. ——Do you think grandma and grandpa _____ late?
——No, the train is usually on time.
A.were B.will be C.was D.have been
5. Mary isn’t here at the moment. She ____later.
A.comes B arrives C.arrived D.is coming
6. ——Millie, where is Miss Li?
——She _____ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall.
A.gives B.gave C.is giving D.has given
7. Be quiet! The students ____ a physical test.
A.had B.have had C.were having D.are having
8. The huge yellow rubber duck _____ to 13 cities in 9 countries since 2007.
A.travels B.travelled C.has travelled
9. Our English teacher is very nice. We ______ friends since three years ago.
A.were B.became C.have been D.have made
10. Echo _____ for half a month. She’ll come back in two months.
A.left B.leaves C.has left D.has been away
11. ——Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.
——Because I _____ my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A.won’t finish B.didn’t finish C.haven’t finish D.hadn’t finish
12. The American teacher asked us whether we _____ the USA.
A.had been to B.have been to C.have gone to
13. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ____ for ten minutes.
A.had begun B.had been on C.has started D.has been on
14. My husband always _____ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never ____.
A.sends;does B.sent;does C.was going to send;do D.sent;do
15. ——I didn’t see you at the beginning of the party last night.
——I ____ on my biology report at that time.
A.worked B.work C.was working D.am working
16. ——I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
——that’s impossible. He ______ an English party with us then.
A.has B.had C.was having D.has had
17. ——What did she say?
——She said they ____ a school trip the next weekend.
A.will have B.had C.would have D.have
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