初中完形填空做题技巧及练习.doc

一、相关知识点讲解
（一）中考完形填空试题说明
共10小题，每小题1分。在一篇150~200词的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
（二） 命题特点及选材特点
完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题。
所选题材多样，但都贴近学生的生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说明文、议论文等。所选短文其难度略低于阅读理解题的短文。
（三）考查范围
1．词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法;
2．固定搭配与习惯表达；
3．阅读理解能力和逻辑推理、判断能力。
近年来，完形填空题单纯考语法的题目很少，越来越侧重对综合语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。其中，词汇运用能力的考查表现为要求考生在一定的语境下表达词汇的语义、词汇的搭配，特别关注上下文的行文逻辑和相互照应。
（四）完形填空试题的一般解题思路
1．跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果 ；通读全文时，尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章的大概意思即可。不要纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区。（时间：3分钟）
2．结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。
在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3．瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
4．复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。
完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
（五）完形填空的设空规律有哪些
中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。
1．从文章结构看
（1）首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。
（2）短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。
2．从语言层次看
考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次。
（1）句子层次的设空
指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。
（2）句群层次的设空
指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。
前制性设空
例：
It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
A. write    B. speak    C. sing     D. dance
后制性设空
例：
1). Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …”
A. believed    B. liked     C. hated     D. knew
2). Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.
A. many         B. all        C. two       D. three
3. 语篇性设空
I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1  him … achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句话)
1. A. comfort      B. please          C. attract          D. educate
（六）作答时应注意的几个问题
1．完形填空的短文通常没有标题，且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
2．第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。
3．做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4．每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5．动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。
二、例题讲解
通过上下文暗示进行判断
例 1. --- She had got a(n) ( 36 ) and needed a blood transfusion(输血）from her five-year-old brother, who had had the same disease but ( ) stayed alive.
( )36. A. accident B. problem C. disease
例 2. --- No matter when my friends saw him pass by, they would (38), “Hey, deaf(聋子) and dumb(哑巴)”, ---There were no friends around to shout the usual words of “greeting”.
( )38. A. sing B. run C. shout
例 3. In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual.
( )16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax

通过逻辑推理进行判断
由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。
例 1. ---For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below.
( ) 45. A. closed B. open C. clean
例 2. --- “Hey, deaf and dumb , what’s the time?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39).
( ) 39. A. speak B. see C. answer
例 3. --- “Will I start to (45) right away?” Being young, the boy had misunderstood the doctor, he thought he was going to have to give her all his blood.
( ) 45. A. relax B. sleep C. die
例 4.When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __44__ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.
（ ）44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later
例 4.My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said．“My 17 ，Mommy．”
She said，“No．Many people are deaf（聋的）…
17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head

通过词义辨析进行判断
此类试题的命题，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。
例1.--- “Jessie’s dad took her to ride in a red, blue and yellow hot air balloon. It rose from ground and moved slowly the sky. Jessie ( ) forests and many beautiful lakes and rivers.
( ) 37. A. saw B. noticed C. watched

根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断
例 1.--- He thought for only a moment before taking a ( 41 ) breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will ( ) Lisa.”
( ) 41. A. deep B. loud C. final
例 2.When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking…
48. A. for B. of C. with D. to
例 3.In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.
48. A. with B. to C. as D. of

根据语法分析进行判断
As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think I'll also make many good 25 and live with them, because I don't like living alone.
25. A. friend B. friends C. friends’ D. friends’

根据背景知识进行判断
All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.
32. A. all B. none C. some D. both

根据生活常识进行判断
在日常生活中，饿了就要吃东西，渴了就要喝东西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，热了脱衣服等是约定俗成的事。
例1: --- The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his ( ) and replied, “It’s 5:30”.
( ) A. umbrella B. home C. watch
例2: --- “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬) ( ) anything.”
( ) A. never B. hardly C. almost
三、当堂练习
(一)Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudlyenough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably!
　 When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
　 Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they?The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.
　 You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives.
Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .
You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.
(   ) 85. A. friendly   B. lonely    C. changeable   D. comfortable
(   ) 86. A. hang them up  B. leave them alone    C. put them on    D. throw them away
(   ) 87. A. interesting    B. difficult           C. important         D. surprising
(   ) 88. A. agree            B. complain         C. listen                D. win
(   ) 89. A. concerts        B. meetings          C. classes              D. parties
(   ) 90. A. In addition    B. In return           C. At most           D. At last
(   ) 91. A. do the cooking     B. lay the table      C. buy some snacks   D. wash the dishes
(二)Several weeks ago, our headmaster, Mr. Gaudi, told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck—a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I know a lot of history, so we thought we’d be good __35__ for the team.
A few days later, Mr. Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the__36__ . He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup（替补）. Unluckily four times that many students were at the meeting. So Mr. Gaudi said we would have a __37__ and the top eight scorers would become the team and the backup. Everybody agreed that this was a __38__ way to decide.
Yesterday, all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school. We would have to decide the starting line-up（阵容）.Mr. Gaudi acted as the host. After a couple of hours, all the __39__ on the team were set except one. Carla and I __40__ for that last position. We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us. The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.
Midway through our two-person competition,I was starting to pull ahead.__41__ I saw the look on Carla's face. I waited for a second and knew what I had to do. As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck,Carla wanted __42__ even more. So, starting with my next question, I held back and let Carla __43__,just by a little bit. Her expression as she __44__ she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team. And since I will go as backup, I'll still have the fun of seeing the show up close.
Was I __45__ by not trying as hard as I could? I don't think so. No one noticed, and Carla and I didn't __46__ it. It won't hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show. I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.
35. A. choices B. pairs C. leaders D. fans
36. A. course B. work C. trip D. show
37. A. direction B. discussion C. competition D. conversation
38. A. special B. hard C. fair D. funny
39. A. places B. rules C. names D. orders
40. A. tied B. clapped C. cried D. returned
41. A. Still B. Never C. Then D. Again
42. A. us B. it C. me D. her
43. A. wait B. turn C. move D. win
44. A. accepted B. realized C. considered D. decided
45. A. coming B. refusing C. helping D. cheating
46. A. mean B. plan C. regret D. say
四、作业
These days，it is easier for us to travel to other countries than ever before．However，there is a big difficulty that most of us 41 when we meet people in other countries—we cannot communicate with them. There are 42 where English is still not spoken，though it is the most widely known language．So，wouldn’t it be 43 if there was one language that could be understood by anyone anywhere in the world?
Esperanto that was created in 1887 may be the world’s 44 truly international language．In fact，although 45 artificial(人造的) languages have been already created，only Esperanto has had much success．Its learners say that it is about four times 46 to learn than other languages．Spelling and pronunciation are both easy，too．For example，it does not have silent 47 like the“h”in“honest”．If you 48 a word，you can spell it without any difficulty．The grammar is also as simple as possible：only sixteen basic 49 ，no irregular verbs(不规则动词)，only six verb endings．
In short，Esperanto should be attractive(有吸引力的) as a language to learn， 50 there is a problem：how many people have met anyone who can really speak it? Anyway，we hope that some day one language can be mastered easily by anyone．
41．A．need B．miss C．face D．touch
42．A．offices B．schools C．cities D．places
43．A．safe B．nice C．funny D．difficult
44．A．first B．another C．last D．other
45．A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
46．A．better B．easier C．slower D．shorter
47．A．marks B．parts C．words D．letters
48．A．hear B．see C．watch D．notice
49．A．subjects B．sentences C．rules D．lessons
50．A．and B．but C．so D．because
My life is always filled with sadness and little joy. However, no matter what happens, I can always face it bravely. 
   Last year, I couldn’t believe the   36   that I was allowed to enter the only key high school in my hometown. Then I rushed to my home and told my parents. But my father didn’t seem as  37   as I was. He just kept smoking without saying a word and my mother put her head down and couldn’t help   38  .  
   I knew very well what my family was   39  . My mum had been ill in bed for 2 years. We lived a hard life and I couldn’t continue my schooling. I felt so upset but I could say   40   to my parents. I decided to help my father with his work   41   my family. 
   To my surprise, things completely changed   42   the beginning of the new term. My head teacher came to my family with some money, which had been   43   by my schoolmates. He encouraged me, “Always have a dream.” With tears in my eyes, I stepped into the key high school.    I have been studying hard since I entered the high school. Whenever I meet difficulties, I always   44   my teacher and schoolmates. I have a college dream and I must work hard for it, no matter   45   hard life is. Just as a great man says, “When one door shuts, another opens in life.” 
36. A. idea  B. story   C. news   D. thought 
37. A. nervous   B. excited  C. interested  D. worried 
38. A. crying   B. laughing  C. saying   D. shouting 
39. A. about   B. before  C. against  D. like 
40. A. nothing   B. something  C. anything  D. everything 
41. A. support   B. to support  C. supporting  D. supported 
42. A. after B. since   C. before   D. on 
43. A. raised   B. spent   C. planned  D. saved 
44. A. dream of  B. think of  C. hear of   D. talk of 
45. A. what  B. which  C.  that  D. how 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。
B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。√
C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。Ｘ
C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错
C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√
C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。×
C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。×
C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。×
C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。√
C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X
D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，