肺炎英文版.ppt

PneumoniaTeamContents32Epidemiology 3Etiology34Classification35Therapy37Diagnosis36Definition3 1AnatomyAnatomyDefinition Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung.It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid.Epidemiology Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world.It is a major cause of death among all age groups.Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females.The morbidity and mortality of pneumonia are high especially in old people.Etiology Infectious pneumonia is caused by bacteria,fungi,virus,parasite etc.Pneumonia may also be caused by other factors including physical,chemical,allergen.Classification1.Lobar pneumonia:Involvement of an entire lobe .2.Lobular pneumonia:Involvement of parts of the lobe only,segmental or of alveoli contiguous to bronchi(bronchopneumonia).3.Interstitial pneumonia Lobar pneumoniaClinical manifestation Have a fever suddenly,chills,chest pain.Major symptoms coughing up rusty sputum.The same lung breath sounds decreased and a audible wet rale.The total number of white blood cells and neutrop-hile increased significantly.Lobar pneumoniaX-ray:right lung middle lobeexudation Lobar pneumonialeft lung inferior lobe exudationLobar pneumoniaCT:right lungair branchogramLobar pneumoniaMediastinal window:locationshape density BronchopneumoniaClinical characteristicsOccurs in the elderly frail and infants and young children.High fever,cough,chest pain,dyspnea,cough sticks.Sign:fine crackles.BronchopneumoniaX-ray:lungs fieldlung marking hilar shadow BronchopneumoniaCT:Under the two lung multiple small patchy shadowsvascular enlargement Interstitial pneumonia Clinical characteristics:Occurs more at pediatric.Symptoms:short of breath,cynaosiscynaosis,cough.Inflammation can cause lymphangitis and along the lymphatics extension lymph node phlogistic.Interstitial pneumoniaX-ray:lungs fieldhilar shadowlung markingMesh and small patchy shadowsInterstitial pneumoniaCT:Bronchial blood vessel bundleenlargementGround glass shadowHigher density shadowDiagnosis1 1 Preceding history of common cold or other URIPreceding history of common cold or other URI2.2.SymptomsSymptoms 3.Signs3.Signs4.Blood test4.Blood test5.Radiologic 5.Radiologic 6.A definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of6.A definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of pneumonia in sputum examination,blood and pneumonia in sputum examination,blood and lung tissue.lung tissue.TherapyAntibiotics therapySupport therapyTherapy of complicationsAntibiotics therapy For patients who are believed to be allergic to penicillin，one may select the first or second generation cephalosporin or advanced macrolide。Support therapyBed restMonitoring vital signs and urine output Administering an occasional analgesicReplacing fluidsTherapy of complicationsEmpyema develops in appoximately 5%of patientspleural effusion(胸膜渗出物胸膜渗出物)commonly develop in 10%-20%patientsT Thats allhats all T Thank youhank you