Hepatitis-B.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Hepatitis B,demi 邓,Originally known as serum hepatitis,(,血清性肝炎,）,the disease has caused epidemics（in parts of Asia and Africa,and it is endemic in China.,About a quarter of the worlds population,more than 2 billion people,have been infected with the hepatitis B virus.,This includes 350 million,chronic carriers,（,长期带菌者）,of the virus.,地理分布,HBsAg Prevalence,8%-,High,2-7%-,Intermediate,2%-,Low,Transmission,Concentration of HBV,in Various Body Fluids,Low/Not,High,Moderate,Detectable,semen,serum,vaginal fluid,blood,wound exudates,saliva,urine,feces,sweat,tears,breast milk,Transmission,maternal-neonatal transmission,Without intervention,a mother who is positive for the,hepatitis B surface antigen,confers a,20%,risk of passing the infection to her offspring at the time of birth.,This risk is as high as,90%,if the mother is also positive for the,hepatitis B antigen,.,sexual contact,Roughly 16-40%of unimmunized sexual partners of individuals with hepatitis B will be infected through sexual contact.,symptoms,Fatigue,malaise,joint aches,and low-grade fever,abdominal pain,vomiting,loss of appetite,Jaundice,(yellow skin and eyes),liver,swelling,dark urine due to increased bilirubin,Complications,*Chronic hepatitis,*Cirrhosis,*Hepatocellular carcinoma,Treatment,vaccination,The infection,of,HBV can be,preventable,by vaccination,.,LAM,(,lamivudine,),Rest,Bed rest till LFT normal,and last 6 months according to no pathological change,Diet therapy,High carbohydrate diet,high calorie,No alcohol,Low fat,moderate protein,Small frequent meals,Vit B,C,K.,drug,liver protectant,Drugs:,silybin,水飞蓟素,hemostatic,Drugs,：,Vitamins especially K,parental,Reptilase立止血,cut down jaundice,Drugs,:,Potassium,magnesium asparta,t,e,门冬酸钾镁,Patient education,Prevention to health care professionals,Knowledge of transmission routes,Proper personal hygiene and good sanitation,Safety Sex,