专升本语法培训非谓语动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,学习改变命运,知识创造未来,学习成就理想知识创造未来,05 十一月 2026,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,非谓语动词的类型,:,Infinitive,不定式,Gerund 动名词,Participle 分词,Non-finite,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,Structure,:,to be done,Infinitive:,to do,Negative(否定):,not to do,Passive voice:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,(1).主语 Subject,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,To get enough sleep,at night is important.,It,_.,It is adj.(for sb)to do sth.,It is+a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.,It takes sb+time to do.,Non-finite,is important,to get enough sleep,at night,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,(2).表语 Predicative,My job,Your task _(努力学习).,is,to study,hard,Non-finite,To see,is,to believe,.,to teach,you English.,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,These days everyone wants,to get rich,fast.,(3),宾语,Object,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:,fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.,+to do,Non-finite,like to do,manage to do,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,(4).宾补 Complement,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.,Non-finite,医生建议他去南方.,The doctor,advised him to go,to the south.,+,sb to do,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,I made him,do,his work.,He _by me.,See sb,do,sth,-,sb be seen,to,do,He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.,fall B.to fall,C.falling D.fallen,改错:,He was heard talk to his mother for,an hour,.,to talk,was made,to,do his work,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,(5).定语 Attributive,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),He is looking for_.,（一间可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,*我想要几本书在旅途中看。,Id like_.,a few books to read during the journey,-What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,A.school to study in B.school for children to study,C.studying school D.school to study,to worry about,The topics,to be discussed,at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,（,没有什么可担心的,）,a room to live in,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,I came here,to see you,.,He got up early,to catch the train.,(6)状语 Adverbial,in order to,so as to,1.表目的,2.表原因,We were very excited,to hear the news.,3.表结果,This room is big enough,to hold us.,enoughto,tooto,only to,etc.,He lifted a rock,only to drop it on his own,feet.,Non-finite,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,1.作主语,2.作表语,3.作宾语,4.作宾语补足语,5.作定语,6.作状语,在句中承担的成分:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,主动语态,被动语态,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,Tense and Voice,（,时态与语态）,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,-,to have been,doing,-,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2).He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),专升本语法培训非谓语动词,who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,我不知道是否要接受邀请。,I dont know,whether to accept the invitation,or not.,(宾语),How to solve,the problem is very important.,(主语),如何解决这个问题很重要,。,我的问题是什么时候开始。,My question is,when to start,.,(表语),Non-finite,不定式与疑问词连用,:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,关于省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,省略该动词.,e.g.:Would you like to go with me?,(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.,e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?,A.Id like to,B.Id like to go,Yes,_.,Non-finite,A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.,Yes,_.,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,(eat,give up,finish,explain,tell),1.,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.,to give up,explaining/to be explained,to be finished,not to eat,3.We find it impossible for the work,_ ahead of time.,4.The patient was warned _ oily food,after the operation.,2.The sentence wants_,once more.,5.I meant _ you about it,but I forgot to do so.,to have told,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,1.-I usually go there by train.,-Why not _ by boat for a change?,A.to try going B.trying to go,C.to try and go D.try going,2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.,A.ride;ride B.riding;ride,C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,4.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.,A.to clean B.cleaning,C.cleaned D.being cleaned,3.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.,to pursue B.persuading,C.being persuaded D.be persuaded,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,5.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,not make B.not to make,C.not making D.dont make,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,7.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,to see B.to be seen,C.seeing D.see,8.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.,A.who B.when C.how D.why,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,9.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,learn B.to learn,C.learned D.learning,10.The light in the office is still on.,-Oh,I forgot _.,turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.to have gone,C.going D.having gone,12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,A.expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D.expects,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,14.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种,关系：,(1)动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do.,(2)主谓关系,He is always the first to come.,(3)同位关系,We all have a chance to go to college.,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,固定句型:,had better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事,Why(not)do sth.?,prefer to do/prefer doing,prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B,prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B,would rather(not)do sth.,would rather do A than(do)B,would rather+句子（过去式）,（虚拟语气）要做,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,*,在the first,the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do,。,如：He was the last to leave the classroom,*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用to do。,如：I began to understand the truth,*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。,如：,()In order not to be seen,he came into the room through the window,()Not to be seen,he came into the room through the window,()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen,*so as to do一般不放在句首。,()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus,(X)So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning,注意以下几种情况不定式的用法,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,My teacher was made _ his teaching,because of poor health.,giving up B.to give up,C.give up D.given up,2.The sentence wants _ once more.,explained B.to explain,C.being explained D.explaining,3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.,having been B.to have been,C.to be D.being,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth,_ for him without delay.,to have woven B.to be woven,C.to be weaving D.to weave,5.I found the German language hard _.,learned B.learning,C.to be learned D.to learn,6.The light in the office is still on.,-Oh,I forgot _.,turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement,between the company and the customers?,-The key _ the problem is to meet,the demand _ by the customers.,to solving,making B.to solving,made,C.to solve,making D.to solve,made,8.-What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,school to study in,B.school for children to study,C.studying school,D.school to study,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,9.-Did you get a job?,-No,I _,but its no use.,expected B.tried to,C.managed to D.planned,10.We find it impossible for the work _,ahead of time.,to finish B.finishing,C.being finished D.to be finished,11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.,-Why not _ there by boat for a,change?,to try to go B.try going,C.to try going D.try to go,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,12._ a living,she had to work from,morning till night.,To make B.Made,C.Making D.To have made,13.I would rather starve to death than _,for food.,beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg,14.The boy pretended _ when his mother,entered.,reading B.to read,C.to be reading D.being read,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,1.To see you,is glad.,=Its glad to see you.,2.I want,to see you,.,3.I want him,to see you,.,4.My hope is,to see you,.,5.He is the man,to see you,.,6.Im glad,to see you,.,7.I went,to see you,.,8.He went so early as,to see you,9.To tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.,10.How to solve this problem is very important.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,独立成分,和疑问词连用,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,Gerund,主动语态,被动语态,ing,一般式,完成式,一.Structure,：doing,Negative：not doing,二.时态和语态,making,having made,(不作定语）,being made,having been made,(不作定语,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,三,.,在句中承担的成分,:,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作定语,4.作表语,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,Collecting,information is very important to business.,1.作主语:,Seeing,is,believing.,e.g.,-,What made him so unhappy?,-_ the ticket for the football match.,Having been lost B.Lost,C.Because of losing D.Losing,Key:_,D,Losing the ticket for the football match,made him so unhappy,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。,Crying over the spilt milk is no use.,It is no use crying over the spilt milk.,类似的还有：,It is no good doing sth.,It is no use doing sth.,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,I enjoy,learning,English.,How about,meeting,outside the theatre?,2.作宾语:,Vt.,Prep.,+,doing,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,等。,如:,1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?,Would you,mind my smoking,here?,2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.,The girl was told to,practise playing,the piano for three hours every day,3）Good news,keeps coming,.,下列动词通常用,ing,形式作宾语,：,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,e.g.,insist on,prevent from,depend on,feel like,be fond of,succeed in,be proud of,excuse for,apologize for,look forward,to,object,to,be used,to,be opposed,to,etc.,下列,V.+prep.,通常用,ing,形式作宾语,尤其注意介词,to,Prep.后通常用ing形式作宾语.,e.g.,The boy stood still without _(dare)to raise his head because of _(break)a vase.,daring,having broken,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,remember,to do,remember,doing,forget,to do,forget,doing,stop,to do,stop,doing,go on,to do,go,on doing,try,to do,try,doing,regret,to do,regret,doing,mean,to do,mean,doing,to do,和,doing,的区别,:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,V +sb to do sth,&,V+doing sth,e.g.：,The doctor,advised me not to go,to bed too late.,Please,permit me to introduce,myself to you first,You surely cant,consider him to be,a selfish man,My parents,forbid me to stay out,after mid-night,I,allowed the children to play,in my room for another five minutes.,注意,:,动词如：,permit,allow,，,admit,，,forbid,，,imagine,，,consider,有不同的用法,:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,advisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing,sth,.,e.g.：,The little boy,admitted having broken,the glass.,They shouldnt,allow parking,in the street;its too narrow.,I,forbid smoking,in my house,We do not,permit smoking,in the office,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,My hobby is,collecting stamps and fishing,.,His job is,teaching.,3.,作表语,Whats the difference between them?,Im,fishing.,My hobby is,fishing,.,动名词,现在分词,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,a,walking,stick,A,swimming,pool,A,sleeping,car,4.,作定语,:,区别,The,walking,man,The,swimming,girl,The,sleeping,boy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,Tom insisted on,coming,to the party.,Tom insisted on,my coming,to the party.,我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋.,I can hardly imagine,Peter sailing,across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,Gerund,的逻辑主语,:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:,Your composition,needs improving,.,Your composition needs,to be improved,.,The book,is worth reading,a second time.,The book is worthy,to be read/of being read,a second time.,动名词表示被动意义,:,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,-ing分词(以make为例),-ed 分词,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,Having made,making,being made,Having been made,made,X,X,X,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,分词在句中承担的成分,:,由于分词具有,形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的,主语和宾语,.,成份,类别,主,语,宾语,定语,表语,补语,状语,现在分词,过去分词,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,作定语,1.The topics,being discussed,everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,to be discussed,discussed,进行,完成,将来,2.The topics _(discuss)at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,3.,The topics _(discuss)at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,The glass is,broken,.,The food smells,inviting,.,2.,作表语,What he said sounds_(convince).,He was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest),convincing,interested,interesting,这道菜香味怡人。,Please fill in the blank with the verb given：,使信服,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,类似情况还有：surprising surprised,exciting excited,tiring tired,disappointing disappointed,encouraging encouraged，,amazed amazing,bored boring,pleasing pleased,astonishing astonished.,-ed 分词,Sb.+Link.v+-ed分词,-ing分词,Sth.+Link.v+-ing分词,人的感觉,事物本身的特点,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,They caught him cheating in the mid-term examination,He was caught cheating in the mid-term,examination.,You cant leave the workshop with the machine running.,3.,作补语,1.宾语补足语,2.主语补足语,3.介词宾语补足语,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,Fill in the blank:,1.He was surprised to,find,his room,thoroughly,_,.(clean),2.Last night I saw him _(play)the violin,with his eyes _(shut).,“被动”,“主动”,cleaned,playing,shut,“被动”,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,分词作状语，,修饰谓语,，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示,时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况,等。一般说来，这一结构的,逻辑主语,是,主句的主语,而句子本身可与,状语从句,等句型转换。,4.作状语,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,1.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.,=,Hearing,the news,we jumped with joy.,2.When it is heated,the metal expands.,Heated,the metal expands.,3.Because he didnt know,how to do it,he went to his father for help.,=,Not knowing,how to do it,he went to his father for help.,4.As they were,deeply moved,the children began to cry.,=,Deeply,moved,by the story,the children began to cry.,“主动”,“被动”,表示,时间,表示,原因,=,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,5.,_(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.,=,If you look out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.,6._(keep),in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.,=,If,they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.,表示,条件,Looking,Kept,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,7.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping,.,8.She walked out of the house,_,by her little daughter.(follow),9.She walked out of the house,_,her little daughter.(follow),10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.,=Although it is considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.,e、表示,让步,表示,方式和,伴随情况,followed,following,Considered,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,11.The car was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.,12.The glass fell to the ground,_(break)to pieces.,表示结果,分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g.,heated,ice can be changed into water,When,tired,I went on with the work.,walking in the street,I saw a road accident,While,Though,causing,broken,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,1.作定语,2.作表语,4.作状语,3.作补语,分词,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,-ing/-ed+主句,（不强调动作先后）,;,Having done,Having been done,e.g.,1.,Used,as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.,2.,Having been used,for many years,the bike needs repairing.,分词的时态,:,+主句,（强调时间先后）,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,分词的逻辑主语:,分词的,逻辑主语,一般为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者,不一致,时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g.,If weather permits,we will have a field trip.,Weather permitting,we,ll have a field trip tomorrow,这被称为_。,时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.,Time permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,专升本语法培训非谓语动词,