通用版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法专题语境考查类第一课时冠词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第一课时冠词,单句语法填空,/,单句改错,1.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle,-,fed,，,_ other is with mumshe never suspects.,(2016,全国,，,70),2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while,，,exercising,，,or doing something you enjoy.,(2016,全国,，,48),感,悟,高,考,3.The adobe dwellings(,土坯房,)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _most modern of architects and engineers.,(2015,全国,，,62),4.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.,(2016,四川，短文改错,),5.In that case,，,we will learn little about world.,(2016,全国,，短文改错,),答案,1.the,2.a,3.the,4.,在,kitchen,之前加,the,5.about,后加,the,考点一不定冠词的考查,规则,不定冠词有,a,和,an,两种形式。,a,用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，,an,用在以元音音素开头的名词前。,注意：,一个词是以元音音素开头还是辅音音素开头，是根据其发音而不是根据字母。对于这类的词要记住下面两句话中加黑单词：,In,a university,，,a European,and,a one,-,eyed,man walked along,a one,-,way road,with,a useful,tool.,This,is,a usual thing.,在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。,考,点,清,单,An hour,ago,，,an honest,man accepted,an unusual,gift and went to finish,an honorable,task.,一小时前，一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。,规则,不定冠词,a/an,用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。,The story happened in,a,small town in Victoria.,故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。,规则,a,most,表示,“,很,”,，,“,非常,”,。,Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?,你昨天玩得开心吗？,Yes,，,as you know,，,the party went on in,a most,pleasant atmosphere.,是的，正如你所知，晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。,规则,不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示,“,再一，又一,”,。,In order to find a better job,，,he decided to study,a,second foreign language.,为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。,规则,表示单位时间内的频度，不定冠词含有,“,每,”,的概念。,In order to shape myself,，,I attend Yoga classes twice,a,week.,为了塑造自己的体形，我每周上两次瑜伽课。,规则,具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如：,a success,一个成功的人或一件成功的事；,a pleasure,一件令人高兴的事。,Its,a,pleasure to work with him.,和他一块儿工作是件乐事。,规则,具有动作意义的名词在与动词,have,，,take,，,make,等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：,take a look,看一看；,have a try,试一试。,You had better go to the factory and have,a,look.,你最好到厂里去看一看。,规则,不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：,a waste of,浪费,；,all of a sudden,突然；,as a rule,通常；,as a result,由于；,as a whole,总体上；,for a while,一会儿,It hit me all of,a,sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.,我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。,考点二定冠词的考查,规则,用在名词前表示特指。,Beijing is,the,capital of China.,北京是中国的首都。,规则,用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。,the sun,太阳,the moon,月亮,the earth,地球,the sky,天空,the world,世界,注意：,有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。,space,太空,nature,自然,man,人类,Do you know who invented,the telephone?,你知道是谁发明了电话吗？,规则,用在序数词、比较级,(,两者相比较，表示特指的时候,),和最高级前。,Purple,Sun,is,the most moving,film that I have ever seen.,紫日是我看过的最动人的电影。,规则,定冠词,the,和形容词、过去分词连用时，表示一类人或事物。,The wounded,were sent to the hospital immediately.,受伤者被立刻送往医院。,规则,用在表示计量的名词前，如,by the hour,，,by the dozen,等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如,by weight,，,by height,等。,Its said John will be in a job paying over$60,，,000 a year.,Right,，,he will also get paid,by,the week,.,据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过,60 000,美元的工作。,是的，而且会按周获得报酬。,规则,定冠词,the,用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示,“,全家人,”,或,“,夫妇俩,”,。,The Whites,settled down in Canada last year.,去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。,规则,用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前，但,“,play,表示中国乐器的名词,(,如,erhu,二胡，,pipa,琵琶,),”,中，名词前不用冠词。,the east,东部,play the piano,弹钢琴,My brother is playing,the violin,while my sister is chatting on the Internet.,我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。,考点三零冠词的考查,规则,称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。,Dr.Peter,Spence,，,headmaster,of the school,，,told us,，,“,A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”,这所学校的校长,Peter Spence,博士告诉我们，五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。,规则,在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。,A year can be divided into four seasons,spring,，,summer,，,autumn,and,winter,.,一年可以分为四季,春、夏、秋、冬。,规则,as/though,引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的单数名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。,Child,as he is,，,he knows much about the world.,尽管他是个孩子，但知道的很多。,规则,no,与,such,连用时应放在,such,之前，,such,后的名词不用冠词。,There is no such,thing,as a free lunch in the world.,天下没有免费的午餐。,规则,高考中常见的纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有：,baggage,，,luggage,，,furniture,，,health,，,weather,，,fun,，,space(,太空,),，,advice,，,word(,news),，,progress,，,information,，,news,，,luck,，,wealth(,财产,),，,homework,等。,What fine,weather,it is today,！今天多好的天气呀！,规则,在,turn(,变成,),作表语的名词前不用冠词，但,become,后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。,He became,a,doctor while his brother turned,teacher,.,他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。,1.,【误】,At the first,，,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.,(2016,全国,，短文改错,),【正】,At first,，,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.,【探究】,at first,表示,“,起初,”,，是固定搭配，,first,前没有冠词。,正,误,探,究,2.,【误】,My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich,in the short period of time,.,(2016,全国,，短文改错,),【正】,My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich,in a short period of time,.,【探究】,此处应该表示,“,在短期内,”,，名词,period,是可数名词，意为,“,时期，一段时间,”,，当其用单数形式且前有形容词作定语时，前面要用不定冠词,a,。,3.,【误】,Now I am living in a city,，,but I miss my home,in countryside,.,(2015,全国,),【正】,Now I am living in a city,，,but I miss my home,in the countryside,.,【探究】,句意：现在我生活在一个城市，但是思念我农村的家乡。这里,countryside,是特指，故应加定冠词。,4.,【误】,As result,，,the plants are growing everywhere.,(2014,全国,),【正】,As a result,，,the plants are growing everywhere.,【探究】,as a result,意思是,“,结果,”,，为固定短语。,5.,【误】,Corn is,an useful,plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.,【正】,Corn is,a useful,plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.,【探究】,useful,开头的第一个音素为辅音,/j/,，故用不定冠词,a,。,易错点,1,泛指、特指含糊不清,Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.,误填,a,；,the,答案,the,；,a,句意：专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是毕加索的画。第一空特指,“,最近所发现的那幅画,”,，故用定冠词；第二空泛指,“,毕加索的一幅画,”,，故用不定冠词。,易,错,防,范,【点拨】,在英语里，人名作为专有名词，前面一般不用不定冠词,a,。但是在一定的条件下，人名前也可以用不定冠词来泛指人，表示,“,一个,”,的意思。人名前加不定冠词,a,的情况常见的有以下几种：,(1),表示一个名叫,的人,(2),表示不同时期的某人,(3),以作者代替作品,易错点,2,思维定势的影响,In Chinese,，,_ date 201314 has a similar pronunciation to“love you for a lifetime”,，,making it _ most lucky and romantic day.,误填,a,；,the,答案,the,；,a,句意：在汉语里，,2013,年,1,月,4,日的发音和,“,爱你一生一世,”,相似，使得这一天成为非常幸运浪漫的一天。第一空具体到日期表特指，用,the,；第二空泛指,“,一个,”,十分幸运而又浪漫的日子，用,a,。,【点拨】,此题容易受到思维定势的影响，认为最高级,most,前应用定冠词。在英语中，,the most.,与,a most.,是不同的，前者为最高级结构，意为,“,最,”,，后者意为,“,一个非常,/,很,”,，这种用法中的,most,相当于,very,。,易错点,3,名词前有修饰词时冠词的误用,Obama,has been elected _ first black President of the United States,，,and the international society expects to have _ new USA under his leadership.,误填,the,；,the,答案,the,；,a,考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示顺序，所以序数词,first,前应填定冠词,the,，第二个空表示地点的专有名词,USA,前有形容词,new,修饰，故选不定冠词来限定。,【点拨】,此题对冠词的基本用法和特殊用法进行了考查，第一空处序数词前加,the,；第二个空处由于,USA,前加了修饰词,new,，前面需要用不定冠词,a,，表示,“,一个全新的美国,”,。以下情况中，都是由于在这些名词前加了修饰语：,the world,a peaceful world,the moon,a bright moon,have supper,have a wonderful supper,play the violin,play a borrowed violin,by car,in a black car,.,单句语法填空,1.Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and,children.He,owned _ farm,，,which looked almost abandoned.,(2015,广东，语法填空,),2.Now,，,years later,，,this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.,(2014,全国,，语法填空,),3.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.,(2014,广东，语法填空,),4.I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.,针,对,训,练,5.Brian is gifted in writing music,；,he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.,6.Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years,，,but one thing or another always got in _ way.,7.Do you know which story is _ more interesting of the two?,8._ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two,-,week holiday in Paris.,9.Tom is playing _ chess with his friend Mike happily while his sister is studying _ physics.,10.She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for _ third one.,答案,1.a,2.the,3.the,4.the,；,a,5.a,6.a,；,the 7.the,8.The,；,a,9./,；,/,10.a,.,单句改错,(,每句仅,1,处错误,),1.Every time he arrived home at end of the day,，,wed greet her at the door.,(2016,浙江，短文改错,),2.When I was a child,，,I hoped to live in the city.,(2015,全国,，短文改错,),3.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.,(2015,全国,，短文改错,),4.As result,，,the plants are growing everywhere.,5.Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.,6.That day I didnt learn much about animals,，,insects or trees,，,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!,7.Yesterday afternoon,，,I paid visit to,Mr.Johnson.I,was eager to see him,，,but outside his room I stopped.,8.After about half a hour,，,the rain stopped and I went home.,9.Mr Smith was elected the president of our school yesterday.,10.She was born in 1974 and has played piano since the age of six.,答案,1.end,前加,the,2.the,a,3.a,the,4.As,后加,a 5.,第一个,a,an,6.a,an,7.paid,后加,a,8.a,an 9.,去掉,the,10.played,后加,the,.,语篇填空,(,用,a/an/the,填空,),There once was a king who offered _,1,_ prize to _,2,_ artist who would paint _,3,_ best picture of,peace.Many,artists,tried.The,king looked at all _,4,_,pictures.But,there were only two he really liked,，,and he had to choose between them.,One picture was of a calm,lake.The,lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around,it.Overhead,was a blue sky with fluffy white,clouds.All,who saw this picture thought that it was _,5,_ perfect picture of peace.,The other picture had mountains,，,too.But,these were rugged(,崎岖的,)and,bare.Above,was _,6,_ angry sky,，,from which rain fell and in which lightning,played.Down,_,7,_ side of the mountain tumbled(,翻腾,)a foaming(,水泡,),waterfall.This,did not look peaceful at all.,But when the king looked closely,，,he saw behind _,8,_ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack(,裂缝,)in the,rock.In,the bush _,9,_ mother bird had built her,nest.There,，,in the midst of the rush of angry water,，,sat the mother bird on her nestin perfect peace.,The king chose _,10,_ second picture.,答案,1.a,2.the,3.the,4.the,5.a,6.an,7.the,8.the,9.a,10.the,