新课标天津市高考英语二轮复习第一部分单项填空专题六动词的时态和语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题六动词的时态和语态,-,2,-,考情概览,从近几年的高考试题看,涉及时态和语态的题目最多,且每年此类题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要有以下几个方面,:,1,.,注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别,如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时,(,过去时,),与现在,(,过去,),进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系,正确理解时间概念,如判断是现在、过去还是将来,是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。,2,.,遵循,“,情景立意,”,和,“,能力立意,”,的原则,考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求深入语境,摸清命题人的意图,善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息,克服汉语式的惯性思维。,-,3,-,3,.,把时态和语态结合在一起,进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态,仍是高考命题的热点之一,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽,试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系,分清是主动还是被动。,4,.,考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。,-,4,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,现在进行时和过去进行时的区别,1,.,现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作,也可表示长期或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行,;,过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态,也可表示一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。如,:,We are waiting for you.,When I got to the top of the,mountain,the,sun was shining.,2,.,进行时态表示即将发生的将来,尤其针对动词,come,go,start,meet,win,begin,等。如,:,Sandy is coming to see me.,3,.,进行时常与,always/constantly/continually/frequently,等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有主观色彩。如,:,You are always changing your mind.,-,5,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,4,.,下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。,(1),表示心理状态、情感的动词,:,如,know,realize,think,see,believe,trust,suppose,imagine,guess,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,like,love,hate,care,mind,wish,等。,(2),表示存在、状态的动词,:,如,have,own,appear,belong,possess,cost,exist,lie,include,contain,remain,seem,等。,(3),表示瞬时性动作的动词,:,如,accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,permit,decide,promise,admit,refuse,等。,(4),表示感官的动词,:,如,see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,等。,-,6,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,He must have sensed that I,him.He,suddenly glanced at me and said,quietly,“Why,are you staring at me like that?”,A.would,look at,B.looked,at,C.was,looking at,D.am,looking at,答案为,C,项。考查动词的时态。句意,:,他肯定已经意识到我正在看着他。他突然看了我一眼,悄悄地说,:“,你为什么那样盯着我,?”,。根据后句可知是,“,正在看着,”,所以应用过去进行时。,-,7,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,Hi,let,s,go skating.,Sorry,I,m,busy right,now.I,in an application form for a new job.,A.fill,B.have,filled,C.am,filling,D.will,fill,答案为,C,项。考查动词的时态。句意,:,嗨,!,让我们去滑冰吧,!,很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。此处表示正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时。,-,8,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,James has just,arrived,but,I didn,t know he,until yesterday.,A.will,come,B.was,coming,C.had,come,D.came,答案为,B,项。考查动词的时态。句意,:,詹姆斯刚到,但我直到昨天才知道他要来。根据语境可知,此处用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。,-,9,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,一般过去时和现在完成时的区别,1,.,当有表示具体的过去时间的状语,(,包括,when),时,主句用一般过去时。如,:,When I was a,child,I,often played football in the street.,2,.,当有表示一段时间的状语,如,for,和,since,时,主句用现在完成时,强调到现在为止所做的事情或过去所做之事对现在造成的影响。如,:,They have worked here since they left college.,3,.,延续性动词的一般过去时也可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,强调过去一段时间里曾做过某事。如,:,He learned English for three years.(,只是强调过去学过,),He has learned English for three years.(,到现在为止是,3,年,强调对现在造成的影响,),-,10,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,4,.,用,already/yet/just/ever/never,这些副词做状语时,常用现在完成时。如,:,Have you finished your homework yet?,5,.,若单纯谈论过去的动作,用一般过去时,;,若谈论一件已发生的事情,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在造成的影响时用现在完成时。如,:,I saw the film yesterday.(,强调看的动作发生过了,),I have seen the film.(,强调对现在造成的影响,电影的内容已经知道了,),-,11,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,(2017,北京卷,24),that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?,Yes.They,are happy with it.,A.Did,you call,B.Have,you called,C.Will,you call,D.Were,you calling,答案为,A,项。句意,:,你昨天给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品的想法了吗,?,打过了。他们很满意。根据时间状语,yesterday,可知,此处应用一般过去时态。,(2015,天津卷,9)Despite the previous rounds of,talks,no,agreement,so far by the two sides.,A.has,been reached,B.was,reached,C.will,reach,D.will,have reached,答案为,A,项。句意,:,尽管之前有好几轮的会谈,但是迄今为止双方仍然没有达成协议。根据时间状语,so,far,可知,此处用现在完成时。,-,12,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,一般过去时和过去完成时的区别,1,.,一般过去时通常与具体的过去时间状语连用,即使没有时间状语,根据具体的语言环境,我们也可以做出明确的判断。,2,.,一般过去时是相对于现在说话的时刻而言的,过去完成时则是相对于过去某一时刻而言的,即,“,过去的过去,”,。如,:,When the police,arrived,the,thieves had run away.,-,13,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,(2016,天津卷,3)When walking down the,street,I,came across,David,whom,I,for years.,A.didn,t,see,B.haven,t,seen,C.hadn,t,seen,D.wouldn,t,see,答案为,C,项。句意,:,在街上散步时,我偶遇了多年未曾见过的大卫。,“,came,across”,用的一般过去时,而,“,我多年未见到他,”,应发生在,came,across,之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时。,(2016,浙江卷,9)Silk,one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,A.had,become,B.was,becoming,C.has,become,D.is,becoming,答案为,A,项。根据时间状语,by,about,100,BC,可知,应该用过去完成时,表示到过去某个时间为止已经发生或已经完成的动作与状态。故选,A,项。,-,14,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别,1,.,现在完成时侧重结果,强调动作到现在为止已经结束,;,现在完成进行时侧重动作本身,不涉及后果,动作可能仍在继续。如,:,I have read the book.(,已读完,),I have been reading the book.(,仍在继续,),2,.,现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,;,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如,:,Have you been meeting her lately?(,经常相见,),Have you met her lately?(,不重复发生,),-,15,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,3,.,现在完成进行时常含有明显的感情色彩,;,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,平铺直叙。如,:,Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(,显然是在表扬玛丽,),Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(,只说明一个事实,),-,16,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,(2016,北京卷,23)Excuse,me,which,movie are you waiting for?,The new,Star,Wars,.We,here for more than two hours.,A.waited,B.wait,C.would,be waiting,D.have,been waiting,答案为,D,项。句意,:,打扰了,你们正在等哪部电影,?,新上映的星球大战。我们已经在这等了两个多小时了。根据语境可知,说话者在两个多小时里一直在等着看新电影且还没有等到,故用现在完成进行时。,-,17,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,时态的代替,1,.,在时间、条件和有些让步状语从句中不能使用将来时,需表示将来时则用现在时代替。如,:,I don,t know when he will come,back,but,when he comes back I will let you know.,2,.,有些动词或短语动词的进行时可表示不久的将来,常见的有,go/come/leave/start/arrive/stay/take off,等。如,:,I,m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.,3,.,某些动词或短语动词的一般现在时也可表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事,常见的有,begin/come/go/leave/arrive/start/stop/return/open/close/take off,等。如,:,The train leaves at 10:12.,-,18,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,Whenever you,a,present,you,should think about it from the receiver,s point of view.,A.bought,B.have,bought,C.will,buy,D.buy,答案为,D,项。考查时态。句意,:,无论何时,你买礼物的话,都应该从接受者的角度来考虑它。根据句意可知,此处指通常的情况,所以用一般现在时。,You,d better write down her phone number before you,it.,A.forget,B.are,forgetting,C.forgot,D.will,forget,答案为,A,项。考查动词时态。句意,:,趁着还没忘,你最好把她的电话号码记下来。此处是,before,引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来。,-,19,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,Look at the,timetable.Hurry,up!Flight,4026,off at 18:20.,A.takes,B.took,C.will,be taken,D.has,taken,答案为,A,项。飞机起飞时间一般是固定的,每次都是一个时间,所以要用一般现在时,表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。,-,20,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,各种时态的被动语态,被动语态的基本构成为,“,be+,过去分词,”,各种时态的被动语态通过变化助动词,be,的形式来体现。如,:,A new freeway from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.,The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.,The wounded soldier was being operated on by Doctor Wang this time yesterday.,Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.,Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.,They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.,-,21,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,(2016,北京卷,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts,with success in the end.,A.rewarded,B.were,rewarded,C.will,reward,D.will,be rewarded,答案为,D,项。句意,:,这些学生一直在努力地学习,他们的努力最终会获得成功的。根据,have,been,working,hard,可知,努力学习的动作会继续下去,因此,“,回报以成功,”,是发生在将来的动作,故用一般将来时,且,efforts,与,reward,两者之间为被动关系,用被动语态。故选,D,项。,-,22,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,(2017,江苏卷,27)He hurried,home,never,once looking back to see if he,.,A.was,being followed,B.was,following,C.had,been followed,D.followed,答案为,A,项。句意,:,他匆忙赶回家,从来没有回头看一眼他是否正在被跟踪。由句意可知,此处为过去进行时的被动语态。故选,A,项。,More expressways,in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,A.are,being built,B.will,be built,C.have,been built,D.had,been built,答案为,B,项。根据时间状语,soon,可以判断,句子用将来时,高速公路和建造之间是动宾关系,所以用被动形式,故选,B,项。句意,:,为了促进当地经济,四川不久将建造更多的高速公路。,-,23,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,不用被动语态的情况,一般情况下,只有及物动词或带宾语的短语动词才有被动语态。应注意下列情况不存在被动语态。,1,.,系动词,become/turn/get/look/sound/smell/taste/feel,等没有被动语态。如,:,My son has become a young fellow.,This kind of cloth feels soft.,2,.,表示状态的及物动词,have(,有,)/possess(,拥有,)/hold(,容纳,)/suit(,适合,)/fit(,适合,)/equal(,等于,)/contain(,包含,)/cost(,花费,)/last(,持续,)/mean(,意味着,)/belong to(,属于,)/consist of(,由,组成,),等没有被动语态。如,:,They have a new color TV set.,The big hall holds 5,000 people.,-,24,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,3,.happen,take,place,occur,to,break,out,come,about,等表示,“,发生,爆发,”,的动词或短语动词没有被动语态。,【典例分析】,Food supplies in the flood-stricken area,.We must act immediately before there,s none left.,A.have,run out,B.are,running out,C.have,been run out,D.are,being run out,答案为,B,项。考查时态和语态。,run,out,“(,被,),用完,耗尽,”,没有被动语态,故排除,C,、,D,两项,;,由后句中的,“,before,there,s,none,left”,可知,现在粮食还有,并没有耗尽,故排除,A,项,;running,out,用进行时表示将来。句意,:,洪灾区的食物供给快要没有了,我们必须赶在食物耗尽之前立即行动起来。,-,25,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,主动形式表示被动意义,1,.,动词如,act,build,burn,clean,cook,cut,drink,drive,dry,eat,fill,keep,lock,open,print,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write,等以物做主语,不表示动作而表示主语的品质、性状、特征时,需用主动形式表示被动意义。其肯定式一般需后接状语做进一步的说明,其否定式一般用,won,t,wouldn,t,can,t,等。如,:,This knife cuts well.,2,.,动词,want/need/require/worth,以物做主语时,后面需用动词,-,ing,形式的主动式表示被动意义。如,:,My watch needs repairing.,The song is well worth listening to.,-,26,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,3,.,形容词,easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,cheap,expensive,impossible,dangerous,等后接不定式做状语时,不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。如,:,English is not easy to learn.,The chair is very comfortable to sit on.,4,.,不定式做定语,若与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,可用主动形式表示被动含义。如,:,I have a lot of things to do.,当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。,There is nothing to do.(,表示无事可做,无聊,),There is nothing to be done.(,表示不能做什么了,束手无策,),-,27,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,【典例分析】,The roast duck which,Mr.and,Mrs.White,prepared,well.,A.sold,B.had,been sold,C.was,sold,D.would,sell,答案为,A,项。该题中,sell,表示,“,卖得,”,一般不用被动语态,再根据,prepared,的时态判断答案为,A,项。,-,28,-,1,.(2017,天津卷,8)I,down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.,A.was,driving,B.have,driven,C.would,drive,D.drove,解析,句意,:,当驱车前往伦敦的时候,我突然意识到自己走错了路。本题考查了句式,be,doing.when.,意为,“,正在,这时,”,。故选,A,项。,2,.(2017,北京卷,33)People,better access to health care than they used,to,and,they,re living longer as a result.,A.will,have,B.have,C.had,D.had,had,解析,句意,:,与过去相比,人们能更好地享受医疗保健,因此,他们也更长寿了。根据,“,than,they,used,to”,以及后半句所用的现在进行时态可知,此处描述的是现在的情况,所以应用一般现在时态。,A,B,-,29,-,3,.(2017,北京卷,29)In the 1950s in the,USA,most,families had just one phone at,home,and,wireless phones,yet.,A.haven,t,invented,B.haven,t,been invented,C.hadn,t,invented,D.hadn,t,been invented,解析,句意,:,在,20,世纪,50,年代的美国,大多数家庭的家中只有一部电话,无线电话,(,当时,),还没有被发明出来。,wireless,phones,和,invent,之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故排除,A,、,C,两项,;,根据时间状语,“,In,the,1950s”,和,“,yet”,可知,此处表示,“,过去的过去,”,所以应用过去完成时态,故选,D,项。,D,-,30,-,4,.(2017,江苏卷,24)The publication of,Great,Expectations,which,both widely reviewed and highly,praised,strengthened,Dickens,status as a leading novelist.,A.is,B.are,C.was,D.were,解析,句意,:,远大前程的出版,得到了广泛的评价和高度的赞扬,巩固了狄更斯作为杰出小说家的地位。主语是,The,publication,故谓语动词用单数形式,which,代替先行词,Great,Expectations,引导定语从句。分析整个句子的时态可知,用一般过去时,故选,C,项。,C,-,31,-,5,.(2017,天津耀华中学二模,2)He,along with his brothers,how serious the situation is.,A.haven,t,realized,B.hasn,t,realized,C.don,t,realize,D.didn,t,realize,解析,句意,:,他和他的兄弟们还没有意识到事情的严重性。由句意可知,此处应用现在完成时态表示所发生的事情对现在造成的影响。当,“,A,along,with,B”,结构出现在句首时,谓语动词的形式应该与,A,保持一致。故选,B,项。,B,-,32,-,6,.(2017,天津南开中学,5,月模拟,1)By the time you arrive in London,we,in Europe for two weeks.,A.shall,stay,B.have,stayed,C.will,have stayed,D.have,been staying,解析,句意,:,你到达伦敦的时候,我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。根据句意可知,此处应用将来完成时,表示到将来的某个时刻预计会完成的动作。故选,C,项。,C,-,33,-,7,.(2017,天津河东区二模,1)It,s very hard to describe how it,to really be in love.,A.is,felt,B.feels,C.feeling,D.is,feeling,解析,句意,:,很难描述真正恋爱中的感觉是什么样的。由句意可知此处描述一般的情况,故用一般现在时,排除,D,项。在,how,引导的宾语从句中,it,为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构,空处缺少谓语,故排除,C,项。此处,feel,是系动词,无被动语态,故排除,A,项。因此,B,项正确。,B,-,34,-,8,.(2017,天津第一中学第四次月考,6)Are we about to have dinner?,Yes,it,in the dining room.,A.serves,B.is,serving,C.is,being served,D.has,been serving,解析,句意,:,我们就要吃晚饭了吗,?,是的,餐厅正在供应晚餐。,it,指代,dinner,空格处表示晚餐正在被供应,应用现在进行时的被动语态,故选,C,项。,9,.(2017,天津河东区一模,3)How are you today?,Oh,I,as ill as I do now for a very long time.,A.didn,t,feel,B.wasn,t,feeling,C.don,t,feel,D.haven,t,felt,解析,句意,:,你今天怎么样,?,哦,我很长时间没有像现在一样病过了。根据句意及,for,a,long,time,可以判断此处应用现在完成时。,for,后接一段时间用现在完成时。故选,D,项。,C,D,-,35,-,10,.(2017,天津耀华中学统练二,15)Could you meet me at the airport?,I,d like,to,but,I,m afraid I,a very important meeting when you return.,A.am,attending,B.was,attending,C.will,be attending,D.will,have attended,解析,句意,:,你能去机场接我吗,?,我很乐意去,但是恐怕当你回来的时候我正在参加一个非常重要的会议。由句意可知此处应该用将来进行时,表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作。故选,B,项。,B,-,36,-,11,.(2016,北京卷,21)Jack,in the lab when the power cut occurred.,A.works,B.has,worked,C.was,working,D.would,work,12,.(2016,北京卷,25)I,half of the English,novel,and,I,ll try to finish it at the weekend.,A.read,B.have,read,C.am,reading,D.will,read,C,解析,句意,:,停电时,杰克正在实验室工作。由语境可知,此处描述的是过去停电的瞬间,杰克正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。,B,解析,句意,:,这本英文小说我已经读完一半了,周末我会尽力把它读完。现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。根据语境可知,此处强调,“,读,”,的结果,故用现在完成时。,-,37,-,13,.(2016,江苏卷,22)More,efforts,as,reported,in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.,A.are,made,B.will,be made,C.are,being made,D.have,been made,14,.Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.,All,right.I,him later.,A.will,call,B.have,called,C.call,D.will,be calling,B,解析,根据时间状语,in,the,years,ahead,可判断应用将来时态,又,efforts,和,made,之间是被动关系,故选,B,项。句意,:,正如报道所说,在今后几年内,将做出更多的努力,以促进供给侧结构性改革。,A,解析,句意,:,杰克逊医生现在不在他的办公室里。,好吧。我晚点给他打电话。根据语境可知,“,打电话,”,是将来发生的事情,所以用一般将来时。,-,38,-,15,.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a,child,few,people guessed that he,a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.,A.has,been,B.had,been,C.was,going to be,D.was,C,解析,句意,:,阿尔伯特,爱因斯坦出生于,1879,年。他小的时候,几乎没有人猜想到他将会成为著名的科学家,他的理论将会改变世界。根据时间状语,as,a,child,可知,此处用过去将来时。,-,39,-,16,.To my,delight,I,from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.,A.was,chosen,B.was,being chosen,C.would,choose,D.had,chosen,A,解析,句意,:,令我高兴的是,我从数百名候选人中被选中参加开幕式。根据句意可知,主语,I,和,choose,之间存在被动关系,所以用被动语态,排除,C,项和,D,项,;,根据句首的,to,my,delight,可知,此处表示过去的事实,所以用一般过去时。,-,40,-,17,.Where is,Peter?I,can,t find him anywhere.,He went to the library after breakfast and,his essay there ever since.,A.wrote,B.had,written,C.has,been writing,D.is,writing,C,解析,句意,:,彼得在哪里,?,我到处找不到他。,早饭后他去图书馆了,之后一直在那里写论文。根据时间状语,ever,since,可知,此处用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,接下来可能继续进行。,-,41,-,18,.The real reason why prices,and still,are,too,high is,complex,and,no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.,A.were,B.will,be,C.have,been,D.had,been,19,.Just as I got to the school,gate,I,realized I,my book in the cafe.,A.have,left,B.had,left,C.would,leave,D.was,leaving,A,解析,句意,:,价格过去很高,现在仍然很高的原因是复杂的。简短的论述无法满意地解释这个问题。,still,意为,“,仍然,”,表示一种状态的延续,;,由,and,still,are,可知,空格处用过去时态。故选,A,项。,B,解析,“,到达,”,学校门口和,“,意识到,”,都用一般过去时态,而,“,书丢在咖啡店,”,发生在这两个动作之前,因此用过去完成时。句意,:,我到校门口时意识到把书落在了咖啡馆。,-,42,-,20,.As you go through this,book,you,that each of the millions of people who lived through World War,had a different experience.,A.will,find,B.found,C.had,found,D.have,found,A,解析,句意,:,当你浏览这本书时,你会发现无数经历过第二次世界大战的人都有不同的经历。,as,引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。,21,.My bicycle is not,available,for,it,repaired.,A.has,B.is,C.is,being,D.has,been,C,解析,句意,:,我的自行车没法用,因为它正在被修理。根据句意可知应用进行时态的被动语态。故选,C,项。,-,43,-,22,.He will have learned the guitar for eight years by the time he,from the university next year.,A.will,graduate,B.graduates,C.will,have graduated,D.is,to graduate,23,.I,ll send you the signed contract personally