云南省中考英语复习-第二部分-语法专题攻略-专题六-介词及介词短语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,专题六 介词及介词短语,【语法讲解】,1.介词的功能,介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：,The boy,over there,is John,s brother.(定语,),The girl will be back,in two hours,.(状语,),Our English teacher is,from Australia,.(表语,),Help yourself,to some fish,.(宾语补足语,),2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,2.常用介词的用法辨析,（1）,表时间的介词,at,in on,表示时间点,用at。例如：,at six o,clock,at noon,at midnight。表示在某,个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节,以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用,in,。例如：,in the ninettenth century,in 2002,in may,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon,等。,表示具体的某一天和某一天,的上午，下午，晚上时，用,on,。例如：,on Monday,on July 1,st,on Sunday morning等。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,since,after,由since和,after,引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但,since,词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而,after,词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：,I haven,t heard from him since last summer.,After five days the boy came back.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,in,after,in,与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。,After,与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。,After,与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：,He will be back in two months.,He will arrive after four o,clock.,He returned after a month.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（2）表示地点的介词,at,in,on,at一般指小地方；,in,一般指大地方或某个范围之内；,on,往往表示,“,在某个物体的表面,”,。例如：,He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.,They arrived at a small village before dark.,There is a big hole in the wall.,The teacher put up a picture on the wall.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,over,above,on,over,on和,above,都可表示,“,在,上面,”,，但具体含义不同。,Over,表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是,under,。,above,也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是,below,。,On,指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：,There is a bridge over the river.,We flew above the clouds.,They put some flowers on the teacher,s desk.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,across,through,across和,through,均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。,Across,的含义与,on,有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。,Throgh,的含义与,in,有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：,The dog ran across the grass.,The boy swam across the river.,They walked through the forest.,I pushed through the crowds.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,3.介词的固定搭配,介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。,（1）介词与动词的搭配,listen to,laugh at,get to,look for wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend,on,等。,（2）介词与名词的搭配,on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on one,s way to,in trouble,at breakfast,at the end of,in the end等。,（3）介词与形容词的搭配,be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for等。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,典型例题,1,：,When will Mr Black come to Beijing?,_ September 5.,A.On B.To C.At D.In,解析：,A,。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词,on,。,典型例题,2,：,The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show.,A.by B.in C.to D.on,解析：,C,。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。,lose,表示输给谁的,时候用介词,to,。应选,C,。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,【2014-2016 本土真题】,()1.(2015云南)The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming,_June 12,th,to June 16,th,.,A.on B.in C.at D.from,（）2.（2014 云南）Excuse me.Could you tell me the way,the,nearest supermarket?,Go down the street and turn left.Then you,ll see it.,A.to,B.of,C.in D.at,D,A,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）3.(2013 云南,),The 20,th,World Cup will be held in Brazil,June 12 _July 13,2014.,A.in;to B.in;to C.at;from D.from;to,()4.(2016 昆明)Shanghai Disneyland opened _ June 16,th,2016.We are thirsty to go.,A.in B.on C.at D.of,D,B,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）5.(2015昆明)Ladies and gentlemen,welcome,China-,South Asia EXPO.,A.on B.in C.at D.to,（,）6(,201,6曲靖),What do you think of your teacher?,He is perfect and plays an important role,helping us in our,school life,A.on B.up C.in D.with,D,C,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（,）7.(,2015,曲靖),You have to put the past,you before you can,move on.,A.in front of B.near C.behind D.between,（）8.（2014 曲靖）,our surprise,MH370 has not been,found since it was lost on March 8,2014.,A.With B.In C.To D.By,C,C,