江苏专用高考英语大二轮复习与增分策略专题一语法知识第七讲定语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第七讲定语从句,专题一语法知识,栏目索引,考点,1,as,，,which,引导的非限制性定语从句,考点,2,where,引导的定语从句,考点,3,when,引导的定语从句,考点,4,whose,引导的定语从句,考点,5,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,考点,6,定语从句易混辨析,解题方法,方法,1,先行词还原法,方法,2,四步分析法,方法,3,固定搭配法,强化练,(,七,),解析,句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟,100,年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是,a truly delightful place,，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用,which,或,that,引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用,which,。,1.It is a truly delightful place,，,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,(2015,湖南，,29),A.as,B.where,C.that,D.which,考点,1,as,，,which,引导的非限制性定语从句,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.,China,Today,attracts a worldwide readership,，,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.,(2015,福建，,34),A.who,B.whom,C.that,D.which,解析,句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用,which,来引导。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.The number of smokers,，,_ is reported,，,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015,江苏，,21),A.it,B.which,C.what,D.as,解析,句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了,17%,。,as,引导非限制性定语从句，意为,“,正如,”,，符合句意，故选,D,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,关系代词,as,与,which,引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但,as,和,which,具有不同的词义、句法和用法。,1.as,意为,“,正如，像,”,。,as,引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。,The famous magician Liu,Qian,，,as we all know,，,is from Taiwan.,众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。,As is often the case,，,girls like dolls while boys like guns.,女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。,2.which,引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用,and this,，,and that,代替，常译为,“,这一点，这件事,”,等。它只能位于主句的后面。,He changed his mind again,，,which(,and this/that)made us all angry.,他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。,She tore up my photos,，,which(,and that)upset me.,她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。,3.as,有以下常见的,“,固定表达,”,：,as we all know,众所周知；,as I can remember,正如我所记得的；,as often happens,正如经常发生的那样；,as we expect,正如我们预料的那样；,as you see,正如你所见；,as was expected,正如预料的那样；,as can be seen,看得出来；,as may be imagined,正如可以想象的那样；,as has been said above,如上所述；,as we all can see,正如我们都能看到的那样；,as is often the case,情况常常如此；,as everybody can do,正如人人都能做到的那样。,1.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015,天津，,15),A.where,B.which,C.when,D.who,解析,句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为,an easy atmosphere,，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用,where,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点,2,where,引导的定语从句,2.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(2014,福建，,31),A.who,B.when,C.which,D.where,解析,关系副词,where,引导定语从句修饰先行词,community activities,，且在从句中作地点状语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,，,especially at work _ a good impression is a must.(2014,江苏，,22),A.which,B.when,C.as,D.where,解析,句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题先行词为,work,，表示一个抽象的地点名词；从句中不缺主语，也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作地点状语的关系副词,where,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,当先行词为,position,，,case,，,point,，,stage,，,situation,，,condition,等表示抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用,where,引导定语从句，此时,where,相当于,under which,，,from which,，意为,“,在这种情况下，从,中,”,。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用,where,引导定语从句。,He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013,江西，,33),他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。,Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013,四川，,9),现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。,1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,，,_ the weather may be better.(2016,天津，,9),A.that,B.where,C.which,D.when,考点,3,when,引导的定语从句,解析,句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用,when,引导。,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.As the smallest child of his family,，,Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015,陕西，,15),A.which,B.where,C.whom,D.when,解析,句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为,the time,，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用,when,引导。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.I didn,t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,，,_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.,(2014,浙江，,5),A.when,B.where,C.which,D.why,解析,句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。,when,引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词,the fifth grade,的进一步说明，,when,在从句中作时间状语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,关系副词,when,在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用,“,介词,which,”,替换。,when,指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为,time,，,day,，,morning,，,night,，,week,，,year,等表示时间的名词。有时候,when,也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。,I still remember the time when I first,travelled,by plane.,我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。,She went to Japan two years ago,，,since when I haven,t heard from her.,她两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。,1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food,Programme,，,one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017,江苏，,28),A.which,B.its,C.whose,D.whom,考点,4,whose,引导的定语从句,解析,句意为：联合国在,1963,年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词,the World Food,Programme,与,purposes,之间为所属关系，故用,whose,作,purpose,的定语，因此选,C,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2.My eldest son,，,_ work takes him all over the world,，,is in New York at the moment.(2017,天津，,9),A.that,B.whose,C.his,D.who,解析,句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用,whose,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,3.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.,(2016,北京，,22),A.whose,B.why,C.where,D.which,解析,句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为,couple,，由句意可知,children,与,couple,之间为所属关系，故用关系代词,whose,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4.The books on the desk,，,_ covers are shiny,，,are prizes for us.,(2015,四川，,3),A.which,B.what,C.whose,D.that,解析,句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词,the books,和,covers,之间是所属关系，故选,C,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,考点归纳,whose,一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，,“,whose,名词,”,可用,“,限定词名词,of which,”,或,“,of which,限定词名词,”,来代替。,Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?,你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗？,Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.,请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。,1.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.,A.on,which,B.by,which,C.to,which,D.from,which,考点,5,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,解析,句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。,return to,重新恢复，属于固定搭配。,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,，,none of _ has been proved.(2016,浙江，,11),A.whom,B.which,C.what,D.that,解析,句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是,“,代词,of,which/whom,”,引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是,many theories,，指物，故应用,which,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.He wrote many children,s books,，,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015,重庆，,14),A.whom,B.which,C.them,D.that,解析,考查定语从句。句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰,children,s books,的非限制性定语从句，,which,指代,children,s books,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,1.,“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用,which(,指物,),和,whom(,指人,),，即：介词,which/whom,。不能用,that,和,who,。,This is the teacher from whom we,ve learned a lot.,这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。,Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.,我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。,2.,“,名词,/,代词,/,数词等,of,which/whom,”,引导的定语从句。介词,of,表示整体和部分的关系，,of,前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有,“,some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many,等,of,which/whom,”,形式。做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。,John invited about 40 people to his wedding,，,most of whom are family members.(2013,重庆，,24),约翰大约邀请了,40,人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。,3.,介词,which,名词,His wife got seriously ill,，,in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.,他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。,4.,“,复合介词短语,which,”,引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常用倒装语序。,They arrived at the house,，,in front of which sat a little boy.,他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。,5.from where,为,“,介词关系副词,”,结构，也可以引导定语从句。,He hid himself behind the door,，,from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.,他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。,(from where,指代,from behind the door,，并非指代,from the door),1.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017,北京，,31),A.that,B.as,C.where,D.when,解析,句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是,the little problems,，且从句中缺少宾语，故用,that,。,as,引导定语从句时，多用于,the same.as.,，,such.as.,等结构中；,where,，,when,引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。,考点,6,定语从句易混辨析,答案,解析,1,2,3,2.It,s not doing the things we like,，,but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(2014,湖南，,33),A.that,B.which,C.what,D.who,解析,句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将,It is/was,与,that,去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子,“,Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.,”,成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用,that,。本题中包含结构,not.but.,“,不是,而是,”,，连接平行的并列结构。,答案,解析,1,2,3,3.It was the culture,，,rather than the language,，,_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014,福建，,29),A.where,B.why,C.that,D.what,解析,句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉,It was,及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用,that,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,考点归纳,1.,定语从句与并列句：并列句有,and,，,but,，,so,等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。,He has two children,，,and both of them are abroad.,He has two children,，,both of whom are abroad.,他有两个孩子，他们都在国外。,2.,定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系副词,where,根据需要可用,“,介词,which,”,来代替，而地点状语从句则通常只能由,where,引导。,Rice doesn,t grow well where there is not enough water.(,状语从句,),水稻在水量不充足的地方生长不好。,I still remember the factory where(,in which)my parents worked ten years ago.(,定语从句,),我仍然记得十年前我父母工作的那个工厂。,3.,定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为,“,It is/was,被强调部分,that,句子的其余部分,”,。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用,who,代替,that,。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的,It is/was,与,that/who,去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。,It is on the morning of May 1st that I met,Liang,Wei,at the airport.(,强调句,),是在,5,月,1,日的早上我在机场遇到梁伟的。,It is the factory where,Mr,Wang works.(,定语从句,),这是王先生工作的那家工厂。,4.,定语从句与结果状语从句：在,such.as/that,结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用,as,作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少任何成分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用,that,来引导结果状语从句。,She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.,她是如此善良又有趣的一个女孩，以致我们都喜欢和她交朋友。,He,s not such a fool as he looks.,他并不像看上去那样愚蠢。,方法,1,先行词还原法,如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，并且句子结构正确，则为定语从句。,解题方法,典例,I borrowed the book,Sherlock,Holmes,from the library last week,，,_ my classmates recommended to me.,A.who,B.which,C.when,D.where,解析,考查定语从句。此处,the book,Sherlock,Holmes,是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作,recommended,的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句，故选,B,项。,答案,解析,方法,2,四步分析法,正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用,“,四步分析法,”,来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。,典例,1,As a child,，,Jack studied in a village school,，,_ is named after his grandfather.,A.which,B.where,C.what,D.that,解析,句意为：还是孩子的时候，,Jack,在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。分析句子结构可知，此题考查定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是,school,，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有,which,和,that,，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用,that,，因此选择,A,。,答案,解析,典例,2,Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.,A.what,B.whose,C.which,D.that,解析,句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。分析句子结构可知，本定语从句不缺主要成分，故排除,C,、,D,两项；,what,不能引导定语从句，故排除。,children,与,diet,是所属关系，故,B,项符合题意。,答案,解析,方法,3,固定搭配法,在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。,典例,Many young people,，,most _ were well-educated,，,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016,江苏，,23),A.of,which,B.of,them,C.of,whom,D.of,those,解析,句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为,many young people,，作介词,of,的宾语，故要用,whom,。,答案,解析,强化练,(,七,),1.As to,Gaokao,reform,，,the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists,，,the press release of _ has already been made public.,(2017,镇江一模，,23),A.whom,B.which,C.when,D.where,解析,句意为：关于高考改革，发言人与记者们进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。先行词为,conversation,，指事物，关系词在定语从句中作,of,的宾语，故选,B,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.In my opinion,，,one,s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent _ one,s self-value and social value are realized.,(2017,苏锡常镇四市二模，,26),A.of,which,B.with,which,C.on,which,D.to,which,解析,句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。,to the extent,是固定搭配，意为,“,达到这种程度,”,。,which,引导定语从句，指代,extent,，并作介词,to,的宾语，故答案为,D,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.We are creating a new vision for public health _ all of society work together to get healthier and live longer.(2017,南通一模，,24),A.which,B.whom,C.where,D.when,解析,句意为：我们正在为公共健康创造全新的蓝图，整个社会一起努力使得人们变得更健康、更长寿。先行词是,a new vision,，从句缺少地点状语,in the vision,，用关系副词,where,作从句的地点状语，故选,C,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.It,s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room _ babies currently occupies.(2017,苏锡常镇四市一模，,34),A.where,B.whose,C.that,D.as,解析,句意为：人们强烈建议吸烟者不能在任何有婴儿的房间里吸烟。先行词为,room,，定语从句中,babies,是主语，,occupy,是谓语动词，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词,that,，故选,C,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby,s body clock,，,_ researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.,(2017,南京三模，,31),A.whose,B.which,C.when,D.where,解析,句意为：保持有规律的睡眠计划对于调整婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究人员指出，到孩子大约,4,个月大的时候应该调整到位。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用,which,引导，故选,B,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless,，,a world _ each and every corner is a true paradise.,(2017,南京、盐城二模，,29),A.that,B.which,C.of,which,D.from,where,解析,句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为,world,，代入定语从句后为,every corner of the world is a true paradise,，故选,C,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Teachers in primary schools _ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017,苏北六市联考，,27),A.whose,B.who,C.where,D.which,解析,句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，,teachers,是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即,the kids fall under the teachers,influence,，应用,whose,引导定语从句，作,influence,的定语，故选,A,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill _ they base their researches.(2017,苏北四市第一次调研，,28),A.on,it,B.on,that,C.on,which,D.on,whose,解析,句意为：科学家认为计算是必要的技能，他们的研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词为,skill,，,on it,不能引导定语从句，介词后不能用,that,，排除,A,、,B,两项；,把先行词代入定语从句后为,they base their researches on the skill,，由此可知选,C,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.With the help of the Internet,，,different countries have come together to form a community _ people can share thoughts and global issues.,(2017,盐城三模，,32),A.whose,B.which,C.where,D.when,解析,句意为：在网络的帮助下，不同国家的人聚集到一起形成一个社会团体，在这个团体里人们能分享想法和全球问题。先行词是,community,，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选择,where,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.The death of the closest relatives,，,_ almost every one of us has experienced,，,always makes people feel bitter and unbearable.,(2017,如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考，,21),A.which,B.who,C.as,D.the,one,解析,句意为：最亲近的亲人的离世，正如几乎每个人都经历过的，总是让人感到痛苦不堪。此处为非限制性定语从句，且位于句中，故,C,项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.According to the report,，,the government will hold a meeting _ people can voice their opinions on today,s global economy.,(2017,南通如皋教学质量调研三，,21),A.which,B.where,C.when,D.whose,解析,句意为：根据报道，政府将举行一个会议，在会议上，人们可以说出他们对今天全球经济的看法。先行词是,a meeting,，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用,where,引导定语从句。故选,B,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.The door was open,，,from _ he could see everything outside.,(2017,盐城阜宁中学模拟，,27),A.which,B.after,which,C.behind,it,D.where,解析,句意为：门是开着的，从那里他可以看到外面的一切。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为,the door,，从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知,where,符合题意。,from where,意义上相当于,and from there(,从那儿,),。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.Your senses become alert and you suddenly find the answer to a problem _ solution has long escaped you as a brilliant thought crosses your mind.(2016,盐城期中，,30),A.which,B.that,C.whose,D.when,解析,句意为：当一个非凡的想法闪过脑际，你的思维变得