第四章第二节-骨软症.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第二节 骨软病,Section2,Osteomalacia,一、定义,Definition,骨软病是成年家畜当软骨内骨化作用完成后发生的一种骨营养不良。,Osteomalacia,(,骨软化,),is a disease of mature animals affecting,bones in which,endo-chondral,(,软骨内的,),ossification,(,骨化,),has,been completed,特征性病变是骨质的进行性脱钙，呈现骨质软化和形成过量未钙化的骨基质。,The characteristic lesion,Osteoporosis,骨质疏松症,The formation of excessive uncalcified matrix.,Lameness and pathological fractures are the common clinical findings.,饲料中,Ca、P、VD的绝对,缺乏或相对缺乏（反刍兽主要由于磷,缺乏，猪主要由于钙缺乏。）,Absolute or relative deficiency of any one or combination of,Calcium,Phosphorus,Vitamin D,in adult animals,Primarily in cattle seriously deficient in phosphorus.,in pig deficient in,Calcium,.,二、病因,Etiology,四、临床症状,Signs,消化紊乱，异嗜，生产性能下降，,Loss of condition,，,Licking,(,舔,),and chewing,(,咀嚼,),inanimate objects,Lowered productivity and fertility,，,跛行，站立不稳，步态僵硬，不愿运动卧下许久不愿起来，,Specific lameness,(,跛行,),shifting from leg to leg,Stiff gait,disinclined to move,get down for long periods,and unwilling to get up.,脊柱、肋弓和四肢关节疼痛，外形异常，弓背。,A painful condition of spinal column rib and limb joints,deformities of bones,，,Arched back,四、临床症状,Signs,牛尾椎排列移位、变形；重者尾椎骨变软、椎体萎缩，最后几个椎体常消失。盆骨变形，可发生难产。,肋骨与肋软骨接合部位肿胀，易折断。,When the pelvis is affected dystocia may result.,Enlargement of the,costochondral,(,肋软骨,),junction,Precipitates the pathological fractures.,猪和山羊骨变形，上颌骨肿胀，硬颚突出，致使口腔闭合困难，影响吃食和咀嚼。,Deformities of bones occur in pig and goat,The,tongue,protrudes,(,凸出,),Make it impossible for them to close their mouths.,Difficulty,in feeding,运动障碍和骨骼变形,异嗜,五、,临床病理,Clinical pathology,碱性磷酸酶含量增加，,Increased,alkaline,phosphatase,血清磷水平降低，,Decreased,serum phosphorus levels,X,射线检查：骨影阴的密度降低,Radiographic,examination:,Decreased,density of bone shadow,.,七、诊断,Diagnostic confirmation,饲料分析,Deficiency of calcium,phosphorus,or vitamin D,病畜年龄、性别、妊娠、泌乳及发病季节,临床特征,Subnormal productivity and reproductive performance,Lameness with pathological fractures in mature animals.,治疗效果,其他：,X,线检查、血清及饲料,Ca,、,P,的测定。,血清中的游离羟脯氨酸浓度可作为早期诊断和检测指标。,七、Diagnostic confirmation,Histology of bones.,Differential diagnosis list:,Chronic,慢性的,fluorosis,氟中毒,mottling,pitting of the teeth,the enlargements on the shafts of the long bones,Polysynovitis,滑膜炎,and arthritis,关节炎,Spinal cord,（,脊髓,）,compression,.,八、防治,Treatment,无论是高钙低磷还是高磷低钙，或是两者都缺乏，用骨粉和脱氟磷酸氢钙等治疗都是非常有效的。,根据病因可灵活选用适当的治疗方法，如是高钙低磷饲料引起，则可给予磷酸二氢钠，如是低钙高磷饲料引起，则在补给骨粉的同时适当静脉注射氯化钙或葡萄糖酸钙。,八、防治,Treatment,1.调整日粮中Ca、P的含量及比例,As for calcium,phosphorus,and vitamin D,deficiency，,2.牛、羊治疗：,(1)早期异嗜时补饲骨粉。,(2)严重的病例不仅补饲骨粉，还要补钙制剂，同时配合应用VD制剂和无机磷酸盐,3.禽：按不同的产蛋阶段，调整好日粮中的Ca、P含量及比例，保证充足的VD,4.猪：补饲骨粉、磷酸盐、乳酸钙等，配合VD。,Adequate supplementation of diet.,谢谢！,