非谓语动词之现在分词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar and usage,-Participles,Other types of waste flow into our water,killing river and sea life.,2.When people think of factories,they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.,3.They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.,4.What I am here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants,I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.,5.Asking around,I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.,分词：Participles,一 分词的概述,1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。,2.现在分词：doing,过去分词：规则动词 V+ed,不规则动词,3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,Present Participle,3.现在分词的形式,一般式,完成式,主动语态,被动语态,doing,having done,being done,having been done,Present Participle,4.现在分词的功能,现在分词具有形容词和副词的特征，可充当,表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,Present Participle,现在分词作表语,现在分词作表语，起形容词作用，说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能，回答how的问题，可以用very，quite，rather，greatly等副词修饰。,以下动词的现在分词已经形容词化。,disappoint,move,surprise,inspire,excite,interest,amaze，frighten，encourage,fascinate等。,Present Participle,1.The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring,3.The news was disappointing,2.What he said was very encouraging,4.The story is the most fascinating,inspiring,encouraging,disappointing,fascinating,Present Participle,现在分词作定语,现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词存在逻辑,上的主谓关系，常可以扩展成一个定语从句。它从,以下两个方面来说明中心词。,A.表示名词正在进行的动作。,1.Dont wake up the sleeping boy.,=Dont wake up the boy _.,who is sleeping,2.There are many factories and industries which,control the amount of pollution they produce.,=there are many factories and industries,_,controlling the amount of pollution they produce,Present Participle,现在分词与动名词作定语时的比较,1、动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；,a swimming girl a girl who is swimming,a walking stick a stick that is used for walking,2、现在分词作定语有时可以后置，而动名词则通常只能,放在它所修饰的名词之前。,.The girl wearing glasses is one of his students 戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。.I bought some reading materials,我买了一些阅读材料。,Present Participle,A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _,in the,kitching,.,A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked,2.The missing boy was last seen _near the,bank of the lake.,A.play B.played C.to play D.playing,Present Participle,B.作使役动词(have,get,keep,send,leave,catch),等的宾语补足语，表示“使进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态的持续性。,Can you,keep,the clocking,going,?,They often,have,the tractors,working,in the fields during,the busy time.,3.What the teacher said,sent,us,thinking,.,4.He,caught,the girl,cheating,in the exam.,5.,Leave,him,standing,outside.,Present Participle,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语，表示主动和进行。可在句中作,时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随或方式等,状语。,A.作时间状语，可以表示三个时间概念,Present Participle,Hearing,the bad news,they,couldnt help crying.,As soon as,they,heard the,bad news,（1）动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，相当于,as soon as,Present Participle,(2)谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中，,表示在“做某事期间”相当于when/while,Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.,When I walked in the street,Present Participle,B.作原因状语，相当于because/as引导的原因,状语从句。,(1)Being ill,he didnt go to school.,(2)Not knowing what to do next,he went to his,teacher for advice.,(3)Having seen the film many times,he didnt go,to see it last night.,Because he was ill,As he didnt know,Because he had seen,Present Participle,C.作条件状语，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。,Using your head,youll find a way.,D.作让步状语，相当于although/though引导的,让步状语从句。,Although getting up early,he was late for school.,E.作伴随（方式）状语，表示和谓语的动作同时,发生，相当于并列连词连接的两个并列的动作。,They sat there on the stone,talking with each other.,Present Participle,G.独立主格结构（现在分词有自己的逻辑主语）,Weather permitting,well go picnicing.,Mother being ill,he stayed at home to look after her.,There being no bus,we had to walk home.,The day being fine,we decided to go swimming.,主句和从句的主语不相同。,状语从句。,从句省略了连接此状语从句的连词。,主语+ving,If weather permits,Because his mother was ill,Present Participle,(2011湖南卷)29.Do you wake up every morning _,energetic and ready to start a new day?,A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt,(2011陕西卷）20.More highways have been built in China,_it much easier for people to travel form one,place to another.,A.making B.made C.to make D.having made,（2011辽宁卷）30._ around the fire,the tourists,danced with the local people.,A.Gather B.To gather,C.Gathering D.To be gathering,