口语1Oral-English-Pronunciation-and-Intonation.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Oral English Pronunciation and Intonation,英语语音语调,Part I,音标,Part II,语调,Part III,英音美音,Part IV,练习,Part I 英语国际音标表,（48个）,元音（20个）,单元音,长元音,/i:/,/:/,/u:/,/:/,/:/,短元音,/,/,/,/,/,/e/,/,双元音,合口双元音,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,集中,双元音,/,/e/,/,辅音,（28个）,轻辅音,/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,/,/s/,浊辅音,/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/,/z/,轻辅音,/ts/,/,/t/,/tr/,/h/,浊辅音,/dz/,/,/d/,/dr/,/r/,鼻音,/m/,/n/,/,半元音,/w/,/j/,边音,/,Part II 语调,英语语调主要有,降调、升调和降升调,三大类。,不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。,英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然不同的语意概念。如“Yes”,语调具有强烈的感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。,降调,用于陈述句,I have already read that book.,That street is two miles long.,用于特殊疑问句,What has happened to him?,Which direction is it to the post office?,注意：,特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请别人重复刚说过的话：,What is your major?,Where shall we go for the holiday?,用于祈使句,Go back to your seat!,Please do not hesitate to contact me.,用于感叹句,What a small world!,Oh!My poor Mary,how youve changed!,用于选择疑问句中“or”之后的部分,Do you want to ride or walk?,Would you like tea or coffee?,升调,用于一般疑问句,Do you mind if I sit here?,Can you hand in your compositions today?,注意,：一般疑问句有时也可用降调，表示一种不耐烦的口气，或表示命令等。,Are you satisfied?,Will you take off your hat,please?,用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句,After dinner,I read a magazine and made telephone calls.,While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.,用于并列句的第一个分句，表示句子还未说完,My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.,My major is English,and I like it.,用于委婉祈使句,Excuse me,sir.Can you help me?,用于称呼语,Mrs.Smith,this is Tom Jones.,1）Is John in?,No,Johns not in.,降调：回答问题。,2）Is John in?,No,Johns not in.,降升调：回答问题且有言外之意。如：,Johns not in，but his wife/sister/brother is.,元音+r,carbon，verb，shirt，sport，disturb,park the car,连音,(,AmE.,),go to=gonna,want to=wanna,shinning=shinnin,英国人把字母a读成a:的地方,美国人一般读成,例如：,在英国人读音中，字母o的发音是，而在美国人读音中是这个字母的读音。例如：,British,American,laugh,la:f,lf,half,ha:f,hf,British,American,not,n,t,nt,bomb,b,m,bm,-ile,在美语中发,l,，而在英语中一般发,al,The thin glass is frag,ile,.,frdl,frdal,A miss,ile,is dangerous.,I lost my mob,ile,phone.,She has a fac,ile,tongue.,A large area of desert was reformed to turn to fert,ile,soil in the northwest region.,-ary,-ery,-ory,中，字母,a,e,o,在美语中一般发,/,音，而英语中一般省略。,The company fired the secret,ary,.,This,is the famous monast,ery,.,字母 t 的发音在没有重读且处于两个元音之间的时候，美语中字母 t 的发音近于,/d/,。,Whats the ma,tt,er?,Wai,t,er,please.,She,is wai,t,ing for you.,spelling,British English American English,英语中的以,-our,结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的,字母u,。,举止、行为,behaviour behavior,颜色,colour color,特别喜爱的,favourite favorite,风味,flavour flavor,荣誉,honour honor,劳动,labour labor,英语中以,-re,结尾，读音为,的单词，在美语中改为,-er,结尾，,中心 centre center纤维 fibre fiber公尺 metre meter剧场 theatre theater,British English American English,英语中某些以,-ence,为结尾的单词，在美语中改为,-ense,结尾，读音仍,ns,。,防御 defence defense 犯法行为 offence offense 执照 licence license,英语中以双写,-ll-,拼写的部分词，在 美语中只有一个,-l-,地方议员 councillor councilor珠宝商 jeweller jeweler奇异的 marvellous marvelous旅行 travelling traveling,英语单词中不发音的词尾,-me,-ue,在美语拼写中被删除。,公斤 kilogramme kilogram方案 programme program目录 catalogue catalog对话 dialogue dialog序言 prologue prolog,/p/,双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。,eg:,p,ea（豌豆）,dee,p,（深的）,ti,p,（顶端）,/b/,/b/和/p/发音相似，双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。,eg:,b,ee（蜜蜂）,b,eat（敲打）,b,it（少量）,/t/,舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不振动。,eg:ea,t,（吃）,bea,t,（敲打）,bi,t,（少量）,t,ip（顶端）,/d/,/d/和/t/,发音相似，舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。,eg:,d,eep（深的）,d,eal（处理），,d,o（做）,2、/e/,/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/e/,短元音，嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。,eg:,e,gg(鸡蛋)，g,e,t(到达)，s,e,nd(送),/,短元音，嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两,边，成扁平形。（梅花音，嘴裂最宽一个，腮帮酸,胀，发音就像挤出来一样，感觉不适应。）,eg:f,a,t(肥的)，b,a,g(包)，f,a,ct(事实),/k/,舌后部抵住软腭（,soft palate,），憋住气，然后,突然离开，将气流送出，像咳嗽，但声带不振动。,eg:,k,ey(钥匙)，,k,id(小孩)，,k,ind(亲切的),/g/,/g/和/k/,发音相似，,舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然,后突然离开，将气流送出，像咳嗽，但声带需振动。,eg:bi,g,(大的)，,g,ive(给)，eg,g,(鸡蛋)，,g,et(到达),/f/,上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后轻轻吹气，使气流从唇,齿间通过，形成摩擦（,friction）,，但声带不振动。,eg:,f,act(事实)，,f,eet(脚)，,f,at(肥的),/v/,/v/和/f/,发音相似，上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后轻轻吹,气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。,eg:gi,v,e（给），ha,v,e(有)，,v,ery(非常),/s/,双唇微微张开，舌端靠近齿龈，舌头自然放,松，气流从齿间送出，,但声带不振动。,eg:be,s,t(最好的)，ze,s,t(热情)，bu,s,(巴士),/z/,/z/口形与/s/,，,双唇微微张开，舌端靠近齿,龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，但声,带需振动。,eg:,z,est(热情),z,ero(零)，,z,oo(动物园),/,舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气，但声带,不振动。,eg:ba,th,(洗澡)，,th,ought(思考)，,th,ank(谢谢),/,口形与/相似，舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住,舌尖送气，但声带需振动。,eg:,th,an(比较)，,th,at(那个)，,th,ose(那些),4、/,/:/,/,/h/,/,/r/,/,短元音，嘴唇微微张开伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，唇后部稍,稍抬起。,eg:c,o,lor(颜色)，l,u,cky(幸运的)，l,o,ve(爱),/:/,长元音，嘴形扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部稍,抬起。,eg:g,ir,l(女孩)，f,ir,st(第一)，w,or,k(工作),/,短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部稍微抬起，口腔,自然放松发声。,eg:f,or,get(忘记)，doll,ar,(美元)，pow,er,(势力),/,h/,嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。,eg:,h,ave(有)，,h,ill(小山)，,h,appen(发生),/,舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送,出，声带振动。,eg:,l,ove(爱)，,l,ittle(小的)，,l,etter(字母),/r/,舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声,带振动。,eg:b,r,ead(面包)，,r,ed(红色的)，,r,ush(冲，奔),5、,/u:/,/,/m/n/,/u:/,长元音，嘴形小而圆，微微外凸，舌头尽量,后缩。,eg:m,o,ve(移动)，sp,oo,n(汤勺)，r,oo,m(房间),/,短元音，嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些。,eg:g,oo,d(好的)，c,oul,d(能够)，sh,oul,d(应该),/m/,双唇紧闭，舌头放平，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。,eg:,m,oney(钱)，roo,m,(房间)，,m,orning(早上),/n/,双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声,带振动。,eg:,n,eed(需要)，thi,n,(瘦的)，mor,n,ing(早上),/,双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后部自然往上顶住，,气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。,eg:youn,g,(年轻的)，son,g,(歌曲)，ton,gue,(舌头),6、,/e/,/,/a/,/,/,/t/,/d/,/e/,由/e/和/两个单音组成，/e/重读，/轻读，口,形由半开到合，与字母A发音相同。,eg:s,a,me(相同的)，l,a,te(迟到的)，c,a,ke(蛋糕),/,由/和/两个单音组成，/的发音也是一个过,程，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。,eg:sh,ow,(展示)，kn,ow,(知道)，g,o,(去),/a/,由/a/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由开到,合，与字母I的发音相同。,eg:l,i,fe(生活)，k,i,nd(亲切的)，l,i,ke(喜欢),/,双唇收圆，并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌,尖接近上齿龈送气，声带不振动。,eg:fla,sh,(闪现)，,sh,ow(展示)，,sh,ine(发光),/,口形与/相似，双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上,卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，但声带需振动。,eg:plea,s,ure(愉快)，lei,s,ure(安逸),/t/,双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。,eg:,ch,arm(魅力)，,ch,ange(改变)，,ch,eer(喝彩),/d/,和/t/发音相似，双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。,eg:,chan,ge,(改变)，,j,ob(工作)，,j,oke(玩笑),7、,/a/,/,/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/,/a/,由/a/和/两个单音组成，/a/重读，/轻,读，口形由大到小。,eg:h,ou,se(房子)，sh,ou,t(叫喊)，t,ow,n(城镇),/,由/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，双唇由圆到,扁，口形从开到合。,eg:j,oy,(欢乐)，n,oi,se(噪音)，enj,oy,(享受),/ts/,舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈,间送出，声带不振动。,eg:sea,ts,(座位)，roo,ts,(根)，frui,ts,(水果),/dz/,和/ts/发音相似，舌尖先抵住上齿龈，堵住气流，使,气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，但声带需振动。,eg:rea,ds,(阅读)，goo,ds,(商品)，nee,ds,(需要),/tr/,双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，,采取发/r/的姿势,，,声带不振动。,eg:,tr,ain(火车)，,tr,y(尝试)，,tr,uck(货车),/dr/,和/tr/,的发音相似，,双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵,住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势,，,声带需振动。,eg:,dr,y(干燥)，,dr,eam(梦想)，,dr,ag(拉),8、,/,/e/,/,/j/,/w/,/,由/和,/两个单音组成，前重后轻，双唇始终半开。,eg:d,ear,(亲爱的)，b,eer,(啤酒)，h,ear,(听到),/e/,由/e/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，,双唇半开。,eg:c,are,(关心)，sh,are,(分享)，b,ear,(熊),/,由/和/两个单音组成，前重后轻，嘴唇由收圆到,半开。,eg:s,ure,(确信的)，p,our,(贫穷的),/j/,嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上,颚，声带振动。（yeah）,eg:,y,ear(年份)，,y,oung(年轻的),y,ellow(黄色的),/w/,双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢,向两旁滑开，声带振动。类似,/u:/,eg:,w,ait(等待)，,w,atch(手表)，,w,ater(水),句子重音练习,在连贯的话语中，不可能所有的词都同样重要，必然有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。,一般来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，而其他词则不必重读。,名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一般都重读。,而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词则不重读。,Whats the,matter?,The,sweater is,beautiful.,Your,book is on the,desk.,He,usually,gets up at,six oclock.,逻辑重音,句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调，句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音，包括一些通常没有句子重音的词，这种依说话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。,Did you tell my,wife?,Did you tell,my wife?,Did,you tell my wife?,They flew to,London.,They flew,to London.,They,flew to London.,They flew to London.,连读和弱读练习,快速发音是日常生活中人们通常使用的模糊音。在超慢速发音基础上掌握快速发音。,（一）连读,（1）辅音-辅音,叠合：sa,d d,og,fre,sh sh,irt,ta,k,e,c,are,失爆：han,d,bag,goo,d,morning,（2）元音-元音,在/e/后插入/j/：b,e o,n time,m,y,o,nly child,在/u:/后插入/w/：g,o,o,n,wh,o,e,lse,y,o,u,a,re,（3）,辅音-元音 e,t o,u,t o,f,（4）“同化”语音现象,*t与/j/连读，要变音为/；d与/j/连读，要变音为/。,如：nex,t,y,ear,di,d y,ou,（5）以元音/与/:/结尾且后面单词以元音开头时，中间加/r/音，叫r音连读。如：,her ownher,r,own,answer it,answer,r,it,the idea of,the idea,r,of,Linking Vowel to Vowel,If our lips are,round,at the end of the first word,we insert a/,w,/sound:,We write it like this:,too often,who is,so I,do all,We say it like this:,too,w,often,who,w,is,so,w,I,do,w,all,（二）弱读,元音弱读时一般发为/,常见单词弱读：and-/n/is-/z/s/of-/v/v/,or-/r/till-/tl/would-/d/d/,More examples:,话语节奏练习,句中重读音节相继出现的地方，通常语速会慢一些，音节听起来也清楚一些。,重读音节之间拥挤出现的非重读音节听起来轻快而且含糊。,一句话说起来所需时间长短不取决于句中的单词数或音节数，而取决于句中有多少个重读音节。,Tom John Steve Sam,Thom,son,John,son,Stev,en,Sam,son,Thom,son and,John,son and,Stev,en and,Sam,son,Thom,son and then,John,son and then,Stev,en and then,Sam,son,段落朗读练习,1.Its penetration in the U.S is estimated at 18%,and it seems that everywhere you turn,people are using their smart phones in new ways and in new places.Samsung recently estimated that it expects 500 million global smart-phone users by 2012.,2.,Food prices,which,account for,more than a third of the consumer-price index,are largely to blame,:vegetables are almost a third more expensive than they were a year ago.,Paul looks worried because he is having trouble in,learning English.He likes English but he cant get the,pronunciation right.His teacher said listening could help,him and lent him some tapes.She told Paul to listen to,them at home and repeat the sentences that are difficult for,him.The other problem is that Paul cant remember all the,new words.His teacher asked him to write the new words,in a notebook and study them at home or on the train on,the way to school.Paul did as his teacher told him and it,really worked.,Paul was very thankful to his teacher.,文章朗读练习,It was a very hot day in 1980.That night my,roommate and I went to bed early.All of a sudden,we felt that the whole building was shaking.“It,must be an earthquake,”cried my roommate.,Quickly she put on her dress and her shoes.I,was frightened to death and my body froze,unable,to move.I was so afraid that she might leave me,alone.But to my surprise,she turned to me and,helped me.We went downstairs together as,quickly as possible.,文章朗读练习,very much！,Thank you,