会计英语unit13-Auditing.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Unit 13,Auditing,1,An audit is an exercise whose objective is to enable auditors to express an opinion whether the financial statements are prepared,in all material respects,in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework.,Audit provides,high,but,not absolute,level of assurance,expressed in the audit report as,reasonable assurance,.,Reasonable assurance is not a guarantee of correctness,but an assurance of truth and fairness within a reasonable margin of error.,2,Content,.,Auditing Standard and Professional Ethics,.Types of Auditing,.Auditing Procedures,.Audit Report,.Types of Audit Report,.A sample of audit report(CSAC),3,General,Standards,Fieldwork,Standards,Reporting,Standards,1.Auditing Standard,.Auditing Standard and Professional Ethics,4,Fieldwork Standards,1.The auditor must adequately plan the work and must properly supervise any assistants.,2.The auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment,including its internal control,to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud,and to design the nature,timing,and extent of further audit procedures.,3.The auditor must obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence by performing audit procedures to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion regarding the financial statements under audit.,6,Reporting Standards,1.The auditor must state in the auditors report whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.,2.The auditor must identify in the auditors report those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period.,3.When the auditor determines that informative disclosures are not reasonably adequate,the auditor must so state in the auditors report.,7,4.The auditor must either express an opinion regarding the financial statements,taken as a whole,or state that an opinion cannot be expressed,in the auditors report.,When the auditor cannot express an overall opinion,the auditor should state the reasons therefore in the auditors report.In all cases where an auditors name is associated with financial statements,the auditor should clearly indicate the character of the auditors work,if any,and the degree of responsibility the auditor is taking,in the auditors report.,8,(d),Confidentiality,A professional accountant should respect the confidentiality of information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships and should not disclose any such information to third parties without proper and specific authority unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose.,(e),Professional Behavior,A professional accountant should comply with relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action that discredits the profession.,10,External,Internal,Governmental,Three groups of auditing,.Types of Auditing,11,The,purpose,of audit procedures is to provide detailed audit steps to be performed during the audit fieldwork that will achieve the specific audit objectives.,In conjunction with the risk assessment,audit procedures will be developed by the auditor and approved by audit management prior to performance of the audit procedures.,.Auditing Procedures,13,3.Internal control testing,Evaluate the effectiveness of internal control to determine the extent to which they can rely on the clients internal control,4.Substantive procedures,Conduct comprehensive test to collect sufficient and appropriate evidence supporting audit conclusion.,5.Audit report,15,Note:,During the course of the audit,conditions may arise which warrant revising the audit procedures,scope,or budgeted hours.The auditor should evaluate the situation,make timely recommendations to audit management,and obtain approval before incorporating any changes.,16,Title,The Addressee(收件人),The Scope Paragraph,The Opinion Paragraph,Signature,stamps and accounting firms address,The date of the audit report,18,The Scope Paragraph,The scope paragraph of the audit report should specify the following matters:,The name of the audited financial statements and the date of each statement;,The accounting responsibility and the audit responsibility,and,The major audit procedures performed.,19,The Opinion Paragraph,The opinion paragraph of the audit report should specify the following matters:,Whether the preparation of the financial statements complies with the requirements of both the GAAP and other relevant financial and accounting laws and regulations.,Whether the financial statements present fairly,in all material aspects,the financial position of the audited company,and its operating results and cash flows for the audited period.,Whether the accounting treatments are consistently applied.,20,.Types of Audit Report,Audit Report,Standard report,Non-standard report,Adverse report,Qualified report,Unqualified opinion with,explanatory paragraph,Non-unqualified report,Disclaimer report,21,Unqualified report,The following criteria should be satisfied with:,(1)The financial statements are fairly prepared on the basis of GAAP and other acceptable accounting bases and policies.,(2)The statements comply with statutory requirements and relevant regulations.,(3)the view presented by the financial statements is consistent with the auditors knowledge of the audited company.,(4)There is adequate disclosure of all material relevant to the financial statements.,22,Qualified report,A qualified opinion is expressed when:,(1)The audited company,refuse to adjust,the treatment of an individual material accounting transaction,or to adjust the presentation of an individual material item in the financial statements which is,not accordance with GAAP,and other relevant financial and accounting laws and regulation.,(2),Audit evidence,cannot be obtained as required in the Independent Auditing Standards,due to a significant limitation on the audit scope on certain aspects.,(3)The application of individual material accounting treatments is,not consistent,.,24,Adverse opinion,An adverse opinion is expressed when:,(1)The application of accounting treatments seriously,violates the requirements of GAAP,or other relevant financial and accounting laws and regulations and the audited company refuses to make adjustments.,(2)The financial statements seriously,distort,the financial position,operating results and changes in the funds of the audited company,and the audited company refuses to make adjustments.,25,Disclaimer of opinion,A disclaimer of opinion should be expressed when the CPA cannot obtain the,necessary audit evidence,due to a severely limited audit scope imposed by the client and its so pervasive that the auditor is unable to form an audit opinion on the financial statements as a whole.,26,Summary,.Auditing Standard and Professional Ethics,.Types of Auditing,.Auditing Procedures,.Audit Report,.Types of Audit Report,.A sample of audit report,28,政府审计的作用,1.政府审计对财务行政起监督作用，并促进财政监督的实施.,2.政府审计对财务行政活动符合有关政策、制度规定起保证作用.,3.政府审计对财务行政活动的合理性与合法性起保证作用.,4.政府审计有助于提高财务行政的效益.,29,