口译课堂笔记.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,笔记Note-taking,Christine,Sep.,Exercises on STM,words,强忍泪水 fight/choke back tears,医药费用 medical fee,医疗 medical insurance,I.无笔记长单句练习（中文）,我曾遇到一位强忍泪水的父亲，他丢掉了工作，没有了经济来源，不知怎样才能为儿子支付起每月4500美元的高昂医药费用，本可救命的医疗 对他而言却遥不可及，我们应该为他们做点什么。,奥巴马成名演讲稿:无畏的希望 The audacity of hope,words,diner小餐馆,office parks办公楼停车场,II.无笔记长单句练习（英文）,The people I meet in small towns and big cities,in diners and office parks,they dont expect government to solve all their problems.,reference,我在城市与乡镇，在餐厅和办公楼停车场，接触过很多民众，他们并不期待由政府出面，帮他们排忧解难。,words,减负 give relief,III.无笔记短文练习（中文）,我相信我们可以为中产阶级减负，让工人家庭走上希望之路，我相信我们可以为无业者创造就业机会，为无家可归者带来可以遮风挡雨的屋顶，让 城市中年轻人从暴力和绝望的阴影中走出来。我相信今天的我们就站在 的十字街头，我们可以做出正确的选择，迎接面临的挑战。,reference,I believe we can give our middle class relief and provide working families with a road to opportunity.I believe we can provide jobs to the jobless,homes to the homeless,and reclaim young people in cities across America from violence and despair.I believe that as we stand on the crossroads of history,we can make the right choices,and meet the challenges that face us.,Radcliffe,science-math types 理工科的,odds 机会,IV.无笔记短文练习（英文）,Radcliffe was a great place to live.There were more women up there,and most of the guys were science-math types.That combination offered me the best odds,if you know what I mean.This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesnt guarantee success.,reference,Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多，而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这种状况为我创造了最好的机会，如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。,The,Objective,of note-taking is to,supplement memory,efficiently.A slight twist of the meaning of a single word could mean success or failure in negotiation or presentation.Thus,even a qualified interpreter cannot risk entrusting such important speeches to his memory.Note-taking is then an indispensable tool for interpreters in consecutive interpretation.,The,MAIN USE,of notes is:,to relieve memory,:ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information,Help to,visualize the structure,of the SL speech,Help to,organize TL reproduction,Reflective questions,To your understanding and experience,How do memory and NT interact?,How can listening comprehension and NT interact?,How can NT and reproduction interact?,NT:help?hinder?,coordination,Note-taking,The nature of note-taking in interpretation,Note-taking,Meeting minutes,Lecture notes,Characteristic 1:,instant,Note-taking,Dictation,Transcription,Characteristic 2:,concise,Note-taking,Shorthand,Characteristic 3:,individual,The use of,Shorthand,should be discouraged from consecutive interpretation notes for two reasons.,Firstly,shorthand notes will slow down the whole process of interpretation since it takes time to,decipher,them.,Secondly,shorthand notes will lead to,word-for-word,interpretation.,Notes are essentially,individual,in character.Some people have the ability to remember details,others of recollecting the sequence of ideas.Hence,it is not advisable for you to copy or borrow someone elses system of notes.,Only practical experiences and repeated experiment,can show you as an interpreter what kind of message-carrying symbols will suit you best.,What to note:ideas not words,Take down the main points of the speech,together with any amount of minor details,you could manage.,(口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、地名、数字、时间、组织机构和逻辑关系)（名词、动词、形容词）,Write in short phrases,rather than in complete sentences.,Note-taking:An Example,because every child has the same needs,and the right to a basic education,the right to food,the right to shelter,and the right to basic health and every child needs a friend,all 儿 same needs,&rights ed.,food,shelter,health,need friend,Note-taking,Do not,1.be over-confident with your short-term memory.,2.note down everything without active listening,L+N+STM,Note-taking,Key words,:main ideas,Links,:contextual logic(comparison,conflict,or causal relationship),Verbs,:,-verb tenses,-modal verbs,Data,:numbers,dates and proper names,Adj.and Adv,.,The use of,left-hand margin,The left-hand margin is all-important,since in this section of the sheet the,subjects,of and the,links,between the sentences are to be noted.Some interpreters may choose to leave a left-hand margin of one to two centimeters for links only.,Using left-hand margin,Logical link markers,structure markers,be ,sentence,bt 1,2,3,list numbering,if?,question marks,III.Basic guidelines for note-taking in CI,Use A,15cm X 20cm,stenographers note-pad;,avoid loose sheets.,Write only on,one side,of the sheets.,Notes should be easily,readable,be well spread on the page,written in large characters,and one single sentence can even occupy one sheet.,Notes must be,unequivocal,:for instance,an arrow pointing upward,must be always used to represent one idea.,Write your notes,vertically,Leave space between lines.,write as few as you can,putting most of your attention on listening,draw“/”at the end of the sentence.,rule out what you have interpreted.,Use,whatever language,that comes to your mind,Use one word to stand for a phrase,Use,abbreviations,Use as many symbols as you feel comfortable with,One symbol,should be used as the,root,for several,related symbols.,Avoid inventing symbols or abbreviations,in the course of a conference.,practice,1.Imagine,just for the sake of discussion,that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives.,1.为了讨论的方便，请想象一下，假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些钱你希望这些时间和金钱，可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。,words,不平等:inequality/disparity,practice,2.人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。,2.The appalling disparities of health,wealth,and opportunity condemn millions of people to lives of despair.,IV.Some suggested mathematic symbols used in note-taking,P49-50,工业 I 或 工农业 A 或 农,经济 E感谢 T,祝贺 C会议 M,改革开放 RO中国 中,国家 世界,主席 h荣幸:),意思上有关联的词组和短语可以将多个符号结合为一体：,发展中国家,发达国家,世界瞩目:,重要的经济 !EP,yyear,ysfor years,KKorea,nKnorth Korea,Ggovernment,中GChinese government,?：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?,_d yesterday,_y last year,_2m two month ago,y this year,y2_ two year later,wk_ “next week”,./,(on one side/hand),/.,(on the other side/hand),./.,(relation),多个词代表同一个概念时要统一使用一个符号：,高兴、荣幸、骄傲、乐观 :),会谈、会议、大会 M,V.常见略语：P48,e.g.;etc;ie;cp(compare);esp;min;max;usu;ref;std(standard);asap;BTW(by the way);F2F(face to face);POV(point of view);approx;dept(department);sts(students).,CHN中国；FR法国；EU;,PR公共关系；GNP国民生产总值；,re&op改革开放；SEZ经济特区；m eco市场经济；som社会主义；sc&tech科技；agri农业；ind工业；edu教育；trav旅游,应当把最短的缩写留给国际会议常用的词.,Three formats of note taking,Format,1.Verticalization 纵写式,Note-taking,Example 1:,朱镕基：如果你要求我把话说的具体一点的话，那我可以概括以下，就本届政府现在面临着要干的几件事情，可以概括为：“一个确保，三个到位，五个改革。”,Note-taking,Format,2.Division 分割法,就是用记号标志出一个完整意思和下一个完整意思之间的界限。一个完整的意思不一定是一句话,。,译完一段后，最好将笔记划去。这样接着译时，很容易找到该从何处开始译。,Example 1:,人民币的汇率问题一直是国际上很关心的一个问题，中国很多重要的贸易伙伴都敦促中国要采取更为灵活的人民币汇率机制。,Note-taking,Format,3.Indentation 内缩式,利用笔记的上下前后位置，来显示不同位置语言间的关系，列如从属关系或逻辑上的关系。,Note-taking,Example:,Hungary has complained that its steel exports to the European Union are unable to develop because of excessively restrictive quotas.But the Union representative pointed out that quotas are still underused by Hungary by a large margin,so the quotas themselves didnt appear to be creating the difficulties,Note-taking,HU:stel expts 2 EU,dvelp,tarif Qta,too 严,_,EU:HU,用 lot Qta,Qta,?,Note-taking,Format,4.Superposition 重叠法,重叠法主要是用在讲话人开始列举的时候，可以是数字、日期、地名、人名等。把这些列举的内容以纵写法表示出来，可以让人一眼看出它们的地位相等，关系密切。,Example,由于我们最近几年宏观调控的成功，采取了适当从紧的财政和货币 ，控制了货币的发行，我们的通货膨胀速度很低，通货膨胀的指数很低，因此我们有可能拿出较多的财力来刺激国内的需求。我讲的需求就是加强基础设施建设，铁路、公路、农田、水利、市政、环保设施等方面的建设，加强高新技术的建设，加强国有企业的技术改造，提高国民经济的需求。,Practice,Listen to the following passages and try to note down the information using the note-taking skills youve just learned.,Note-taking,Practice 1,海关总署3月10日发布的最新统计表明，今年1-2月，中国与主要贸易伙伴双边贸易实现全面快速增长。前两个月中国与欧盟双边贸易总额达296.4亿美元，增长29.2%，欧盟继续保持中国第一大贸易伙伴地位。仍居中国第二大贸易伙伴位置。前两个月，中美双边贸易总额达到266亿美元，增长21.5%。位居第三的 仍为中国第一大进口来源地，双边贸易总额达245.7亿美元，增长10.6%。东盟首次成为我们第四大贸易伙伴。前两个月，中国与东盟双边贸易额166.3亿美元，增长23.6%。,Note-taking,Practice 2,厦门特区在 中央、国务院和福建省委、省政府的确正确领导下，经过15年的奋斗，已经具有一定的经济发展规模，形成了外向型经济格局。1994年底，全市国内生产总值达到189亿元，人均1.6万元。工业总产值246亿元，其中三资企业产值占70%，累计已 的三资企业2061家，外商直接 额达41.1亿美元，口岸外贸进出口总额达55亿美圆。,Reference Note,Xm SEZ CPC+S.Coun+省G,15Ys 经发 scale,外经格,1994底 GDP 189 亿,人1.6 万,Ind.Output 246 亿,Jv.,投V.2061,直 inv.41.1亿$,口岸 Trade 55亿$,words,Sino-American,joint venture,中美合资企业,Practice 3,All of us here,at one time or another,have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts,and yet we did nothing not because we didnt care,but because we didnt know what to do.If we had known how to help,we would have acted.The barrier to change is not too little caring;it is too much complexity.,We:1+time/,see 人 悲/,break heart/,But :did,/,:care/,:,know do?/,if:know?help/,act/,barr,变:care,comp,note:,请注意，每个人的记忆，思维，和反应都有各自的特点。没有必要全部照搬别人的方法。最好用的笔记方式是你自己发展出来的，适合自己的系统。,比如，笔记越简单，记录就越迅速。但笔记简单了，对短期记忆的要求就相对提高了。所以，笔记多少为最佳，因人而易，需要摸索出适合于自己的平衡。笔记各条要点相辅相成，也有一个掌握好平衡的问题，也不是绝对的，也需要你走出自己的路,More practice of note taking and interpretation,I.长单句练习（中文）,京河高科技园区地理位置十分优越，背靠首都北京，面向辽阔的渤海，东依京津塘高速公路，驱车30分钟可抵达首都国际机场，20分钟即可抵达首都火车货运站，一个小时可抵达天津新港。,reference,Jing he High-tech Park enjoys a superior location,with the Capital Beijing as the backdrop,facing the vast expanse of the Bo Sea,bordered by the Jingjingtang Expressway to the east.it takes only 30 minutes drive to reach the Capitals International Airport,20 minutes to get to the Beijing Railway Cargo Station,and an hour to arrive at the Tianjin New Harbor.,New words,laundry,II.长单句练习（英文）,Id like to have a 7 oclock morning call,breakfast sent up to my room,laundry done,some documents photocopied,an express mail sent out,and something like that.,Reference,我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送我房间，衣服要洗烫，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。,Consecutive interpretation,Listen to the tape and interpret it with the help of the notes.,口译笔记：六要,一、笔记要少而精，清晰易读。,记录的应当是能提示整个意群的字（如“不断扩大”四个字，只要记录“扩”，或者用上升符号代表），反映逻辑关系的字，和数字等要求精确的细节词。写字要尽量快，但不能为了速度牺牲清晰，读不懂的笔记还不如根本没有记录。,二、要学会借助划线和符号，表示常用词汇以及句中逻辑关系。,例如，“V”可以表示 success,“/”可以表示of,所以当我们听到 success of the American society 时，我们可以写下 V/A；又如，在一个动词下面加一条下划线，可以表示进行时态，如“正在进行改革”就可以记录成“改”。不难看出，合理的使用符号对于对于口译成功的重要性。,三、要少线多指，即用同一种符号代表多种相互关联的意思。,例如，（意指一条横线穿过圆圆的地球）可以表示 across the world,worldwide,global,international,universal,the earth;而 globalization 便可用 n 来表示。这样避免了使用过多符号反而更复杂。,四、要少横多竖，即按照译群，勤换行，尤其是列举的时候，竖着记录更为清晰。,例如，Well invest in schools,colleges,universities,libraries and our communities.,最好记录成：,|-sch,|-col,|-uni,|-libr,|-comm.,五、快速书写。,毋庸置疑，在保证清晰的基础上，笔记应该尽量快。,六、明确结束。,在每一段结束后，画上一道线，或者隔开一段距离再记录下一段的内容。,口译笔记的六不要,一、不要把笔记作为目的，占用大量脑力，重心一定要放在听懂上面。,脑记为主，笔记为辅,脑记和笔记的协调是需要大量练习才能提高的，但是把握整体意思、结构的重要性永远大过将部分字句记录下来。,二、不要力图把每一个字都记下来。平静心态，循序渐进,因此笔记要记的是反应核心意义的关键信息以及细节信息，如数字、专有名词等等。,刚开始接触笔记，肯定是很生疏的。不熟悉笔记符号，不会一心两用，恨不得把每个词都写下来等等这些问题都是非常正常的。首先不要心急，千万不要刚开始就找篇诸如 VOA standard 之类来操练笔记。找一些经典的口译材料，先慢速的放一遍，尽量记一些，然后多放几遍进行改进，再对照原文研究一下哪些词是应该记下来的，用常见符号还是用缩写，用怎样的结构好啊等等，如此多次反复。当然，练到一定程度后，对常用笔记符号熟练了，创造出自己熟悉的笔记系统，就可以慢慢提高速度增加难度。,三、不要在一段录音结束后拼命把最后几个字都写全。,初学者往往喜欢这样做，但实际上，这样做既不必要，又不合理。按照心理学上记忆的规律，最后一句话已经没有倒摄抑制（retroactive inhibition），是不容易遗忘的；如果花了几秒钟在记录最后几个字，导致录音结束后迟迟不开口，浪费宝贵时间，使非常可惜的。,可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。,need friend,Verticalization 纵写式,用 lot Qta,无笔记长单句练习（中文）,That combination offered me the best odds,if you know what I mean.,找一些经典的口译材料，先慢速的放一遍，尽量记一些，然后多放几遍进行改进，再对照原文研究一下哪些词是应该记下来的，用常见符号还是用缩写，用怎样的结构好啊等等，如此多次反复。,重叠法主要是用在讲话人开始列举的时候，可以是数字、日期、地名、人名等。,Using left-hand margin,be sentence,1994年底，全市国内生产总值达到189亿元，人均1.,祝贺 C会议 M,break heart/,四、要少横多竖，即按照译群，勤换行，尤其是列举的时候，竖着记录更为清晰。,Christine,All of us here,at one time or another,have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts,and yet we did nothing not because we didnt care,but because we didnt know what to do.,四、不要书写的过于拥挤，以免过后难以辨认。,We:1+time/,朱镕基：如果你要求我把话说的具体一点的话，那我可以概括以下，就本届政府现在面临着要干的几件事情，可以概括为：“一个确保，三个到位，五个改革。,need friend,_y last year,人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。,The MAIN USE of notes is:,The Objective of note-taking is to supplement memory efficiently.,前两个月，中美双边贸易总额达到266亿美元，增长21.,That combination offered me the best odds,if you know what I mean.,人1.,shelter,Avoid inventing symbols or abbreviations in the course of a conference.,All of us here,at one time or another,have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts,and yet we did nothing not because we didnt care,but because we didnt know what to do.,Thus,even a qualified interpreter cannot risk entrusting such important speeches to his memory.,to relieve memory:ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information,写字要尽量快，但不能为了速度牺牲清晰，读不懂的笔记还不如根本没有记录。,L+N+STM,朱镕基：如果你要求我把话说的具体一点的话，那我可以概括以下，就本届政府现在面临着要干的几件事情，可以概括为：“一个确保，三个到位，五个改革。,五、不要刻意追求使用符号。,符号有很多优点，但是创造过多的符号、以至于听到某个词之后脑力用在了回忆其符号之上，就成了本末倒置。,六、不要现场发明符号。,经验表明，在口译现场大脑高度紧张的状态下，从未使用过的符号在事后口译时往往会难以再现其含义。因此，包含符号的笔记系统，一定要平时建立、熟练应用，而临场不要创造符号。,练笔记的同时呢，当然要辅助别的练习，比如每天影子练习锻炼一心两用的能力，做些视译和短时记忆的练习等等。,第三讲 口译技能训练之二:笔记 Note-taking,Homework:,1.read reference on Note-taking symbols and abbreviations,2.practice on note-taking,with the exercises in P77:3-2;,&Model test 3,3.preview P40:1-4,谢谢观看,