VICTORIAN-AGE.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Company Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Victorian Age,I.Summary:,1.memorize:,a.define,b.social,economical,cultural&political background,2.grasp:,a.literary characteristics,b.the impact on this and later generation of English literature,3.apply:,Chartism,宪章运动,Utilitarianism,功利主义,Critical Realism,批判现实主义,Dramatic Monologue,戏剧独白,Company Logo,II.The important writers,Memorize:,writers,life,masterpieces,main content,Grasp:,the thematic structure,characterization,language style,means of artistic expression and social meaning,Apply,：,Critical Realism of Charles Dickens&William Makepeace Thackeray as well as their creation and artistic features,the theme and characters of,Jane Eyre,&,Wuthering Heights,Dramatic Monologue in,My Last Duchess,The description of environment&inner world of characters in George Eliots novels,Company Logo,Introduction to the Victorian Period,1,2,3,Definition,:,the Victorian Period,Background,Features of the Victorian Literature,4,explain the rise of novels,5,Features of Victorian novels,6,terms,Company Logo,1.The Victorian Age,Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901.The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.,Company Logo,The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems.After the,Reform Bill of 1832,passed the political power,from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists,the Industrial Revolution soon geared up.Towards the mid-century,England had reached its highest point of development as a world power.And yet beneath the great prosperity&richness,there existed widespread poverty&wretchedness among the working class.The worsening living&working conditions,the mass unemployment&the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement(1836-1848).,2.Political,Economical&Cultural Background,Company Logo,During the next twenty years,England settled down to a time of prosperity&relative stability.The middle-class life of the time was characterized by,prosperity,respectability&material progress,物质文明,.,But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the British Empire&the decay of the Victorian values.,Company Logo,Ideologically,the Victorians experienced fundamental changes.The rapid development of science&technology,new inventions&discoveries in geology,astronomy,biology&anthropology drastically shook peoples religious convictions.,Darwins,The Origin of Species(1859),&,The Descent of Man,(1871),shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith.,On the other hand,Utilitarianism was widely accepted&practiced.Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility,that is,the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.,Company Logo,Features of the Victorian Literature,1.magnitude&diversity,2.many-sided&complex,3.romantically&realistically,in,life&thought,4.Great writers&great works abounded,Company Logo,The growth of urban population-a new reading public.,(The Education Acts,1870),With the development of the method of printing and paper making,the price of books dropped,and besides regular books,there were serial publications.,Writing had become a profession.,With the ascendancy of the industrial capitalists,the majority of whom lived an idle life on interests.,The contradiction of poverty and enormous wealth needs a secular form to explore human relations rather than sermons given in a church.,The feminist movement.They are the themes in the novel of the 19th century.,Six factors explain the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre during this period:,Company Logo,1.The plot is unfolded and broader.,2.The plot twists and turns.,3.The publication is by installment.,连展,4.The novel was tainted by the spirit of,puritanism,.,5.The novels were characterized by their moral purpose.,Features of Victorian novels,Company Logo,1)The Chartist Movement(1836-1848),宪章运动,The English workers got themselves organized in big cities&brought forth the,Peoples charter,in which they demanded basic rights&better living&working conditions.They,for three times,made appeals to the government,with hundreds of thousands of peoples signatures.The movement swept over most of the cities in the country.,Although the movement declined to an end in 1848,it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class.This was the first mass movement of the English working class&the early sign of the awakening of the poor,oppressed people.,Terms:,Company Logo,Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility,that is,the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists,whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost&brought greater suffering&poverty to the working mass.,2)Utilitarianism,功利主义,Company Logo,The Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral&physical diseases as they are.To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing.As the mirror of truth,literature has come very close to daily life,reflecting its practical problems&interests&is used as a powerful instrument of human progress.,3)Critical Realism,批判现实主义,Company Logo,4)Dramatic Monologue,戏剧独白,By dramatic monologue,it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis,in which his characters are made to talk about their lives,&about their minds&hearts.In listening to those one-sided talks,readers can form their own opinions&judgments about the speakers personality&about what has really happened.Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity&perfection&his,My Last Duchess,is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.,Company Logo,Thank You!,