行为管理理论模式英文.pptx
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1、Models and Theories of Behavior ManagementDanforth S.,Boyle,J.(2000)Cases in behavior management Columbus:Ohio.Merrill PublishingSocial Systems Theory(Ecological theory)No individual truly lives or stands alone.People develop by adjustments between an individual and their changing social and physica
2、l environments.People live within a number of ecological systems(contexts)classroom/school,family system,peer network,etc.Persons behavior operates in congruence or harmony with their environmentDeviant behavior happens when there is a lack of congruence or lack of necessary behaviors and understand
3、ing from the child.5 Levels of an Ecological Context1.The Individual-the changing and growing personal characteristics 2.Interpersonal Relationships-patterns of personal interaction and communication.3.Relationships between systems-The interrelations between home and school,or home and a social serv
4、ice agency.4.Group Interaction-The manner in which systems relate to one another.If a parent loses a job,may influence a child to feel anxiety and fear.5.Society-What is bad behavior vs.good behavior?Each day institutions and settings are making and remaking cultural norms.Cultural norms reflect the
5、 belief and value system of dominant groups alternative norms are constructed by persons and groups that disagree with dominant and socially mandated waysThinking like a Social Systems Theorist (Ecological)Goal to help children improve their behavior and gain greater control over what they do.Studen
6、t has negative and disruptive behaviorsIndividual-teacher teaches student what anger is.Interpersonal relationships-teacher plans a number of times during the week to spend personal time.Relationship between systems-teacher talks with mother extensively,shares ideas and concernsGroup Interactions-te
7、acher arranges for mother and student to meet with guidance counselor.BehaviorismScientific modification of observable behaviors.Behaviors are viewed as responses that occur in relation to specific stimuli in the environment.Environmental factors dictate an individuals behaviorThinking like a Behavi
8、orist1.What is the specific behavior that is problematic?2.Under what conditions does this behavior occur?3.What are conditions or events that tend to occur in conjunction with this behavior?4.What is available that is viewed as rewarding by the individual?5.Who can systematically and consistently p
9、rovide the rewards and how can this be arranged?The reason behavior happens vthe behavior is rewarded orvthe behavior has failed to be rewardedor vthe behavior has been punishedThe function of a behavior is a response to stimuliInterventions are designed to modify/change behavior by promoting or dis
10、couraging a behavior.We do this by carefully studying the stimuli.We use the principles of reinforcement.Five basic Principles of Reinforcement Reinforcement must only be presented when the target behavior is exhibited.Reinforce immediately after the target behavior is exhibited.Target behavior must
11、 be reinforced every time it is exhibited.Once target behavior has been increased to the desired level,reinforcement occur on an intermittent level.Tangible reinforcers should be accompanied by social reinforcers.Psychodynamic ModelLooks primarily inside the individualDaily priority of building trus
12、tful relationshipsNeo-freudian,Long,Redl,Wineman,George,Morse Foster the development of self-esteem,personal insight,self control and social skillsPsychodynamic(continued)Focuses on developing the individuals insight and how feelings are acted out in their behaviors.Individuals have options in under
13、standing their feelings and find ways of having them that are healthy.Trusting relationships-adults able to give support to help individual become more self-determined.Behaviors are the“tip of the iceberg”,pieces of the surface evidence that must be interpreted to find the emotions beneath.Thinking
14、in a Psychodynamic manner1.What difficult feelings is the child or adolescent experiencing(anger,sadness,frustration)when they misbehave?2.Why is the child or adolescent feeling this?(What is going on the moment or in the persons life that stirs these feelings?)3.Is there a way to arrange for the ch
15、ild or adolescent to move away from the situation and cool down at the time these difficult feelings rise up?4.Is there a way to arrange for an adult,that the adolescent views as caring and trustworthy,to provide support and talk privately with them?5.Is there a way to increase the number and qualit
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