江苏专用高考英语大一轮复习第二部分基础语法第二课时定语从句讲义牛津译林版.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二课时定语从句,1.,(2016,浙江高考,),Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,，,none of _ has been proved.,A.whom,B.which,C.what,D.that,答案,B,句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，,which,代替,many theories,，故应用,which,引导该定语从句。,感,悟,高,考,2.,(2016,北京高考,),I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.,A.whose,B.why,C.where,D.which,答案,A,句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为,couple,，由句意可知,children,与,couple,之间为所属关系，故用关系代词,whose,。,3.,(2016,天津高考,),We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,，,_ the weather may be better.,A.that,B.where,C.which,D.when,答案,D,分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为,next week,，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用,when,。,4.,(2015,重庆高考,),He wrote many childrens books,，,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.,A.whom,B.which,C.them,D.that,答案,B,句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰,children,s books,的非限制性定语从句，,which,指代,children,s books,。,5.,(2015,北京高考,),Opposite is,St.Pauls,Church,_ you can hear some lovely music.,A.which,B.that,C.when,D.where,答案,D,句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。,先行词是,St.Paul,s,Church,；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用,where,。故选,D,。,考点一下列情况只用,that,不用,which,考 点 清 单,规则,先行词是,all,，,something,，,everything,，,anything,，,nothing,，,little,，,much,，,few,等不定代词或先行词被,all,，,any,，,every,，,no,，,little,，,much,，,some,等词修饰。,Do you have,anything that,you want to say for yourself?,你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？,规则,先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词。,What is the,first,American film,that,you have seen?,你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？,规则,先行词中既有人也有物。,He talked about,the people and the places that,he had visited in that country.,他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。,考点二用,which,而不用,that,引导的定语从句,规则,which,可引导非限制性定语从句，,that,则不能。,He had failed in the,maths,exam,，,which,made his father very angry.,他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。,规则,在介词提前的定语从句中，只用,which,而不用,that,引导。,This is the place,in which,Lu,Xun,used to live.,这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。,规则,which,用作定语时。,He may be late,，,in which case,we ought to wait for him.,他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。,考点三关系副词引导的定语从句,规则,关系副词,when,，,where,，,why,的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因,(,一般为,reason),的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用,“,介词,which,”,结构替换。,I still remember the day,when,I first came to Beijing.,我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。,规则,当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用,which/that,。,Is this the,reason(,that,),he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?,这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？,规则,当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：,point,，,situation,，,case,，,stage,等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词,where,引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词,that/which,。,They have reached the point,where,they have to separate with each other.,他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。,考点四,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,规则,若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用,whom,，指物时常用,which,。另外，,whose,也可以放在介词后，即,“,介词,whose,名词,”,结构。,Trading leather shoes is the business,to which,the Greens are devoted.,皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。,I wish to thank Professor Smith,，,without whose,help I would never have got this far.,我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。,规则,“,复合介词短语关系代词,”,引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。,He lived in a big house,，,in front of which,stood a big tall tree.,他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。,考点五,as,，,which,引导的定语从句,规则,as,作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为,“,正如，正像,”,，,as,引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。,As,we all know,，,smoking is bad for our health.,众所周知，抽烟有害健康。,规则,which,引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于句末，意为,“,这，这一点,”,。,Li Ming was late,，,which,made,Mr,Zhang very angry.,李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。,规则,as,常用在下列习惯用语中。,as(it)often happens,，,as I remember,，,as is often the case,，,as is expected,，,as is known to us,，,as is shown,等。,He shouts when he gets angry,，,as is often the case,.,他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。,1,.,先行词还原法,解 题 策 略,如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。,Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.,A.that,B.which,C.where,D.when,答案,D,her stay,为先行词，代入定语从句后为：,She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there,。,when,指代,her stay,在定语从句中作时间状语。,2,.,四步分析法,正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用,“,四步分析法,”,来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。,Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.,A.what,B.whose,C.which,D.that,答案,B,句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。空处引导的定语从句，为主系表结构，且缺少定语成分因此只能考虑填作定语的关系代词。,A,中的,what,不能引导定语从句。,whose,“,谁的,”,，符合句意。,3,.,固定搭配法,在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。,Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future.,A.on,which,B.by,which,C.to,which,D.from,which,答案,C,句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。,return to,“,重新利用,”,，属于固定搭配。,