形容词与副词用法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,形容词和副词,1,、形容词的含义：表示人或事物的属性和特征，起到修饰和描绘名词的作用。,2,、形容词的位置,A,、放在,be,后面，修饰主语,Eg,：,she is beautiful,。,B,、放在名词前，修饰名词。,Eg,：,she is a beautiful girl,。,C,、修饰不定代词是要放在不定代词的后面,Eg,：,I have something important to tell you,。,什么叫形容词,?,sun,rain,wind,cloud,friend,care,interest,use,2.,掌握下列名词和形容词的转化,sunny,rainy,windy,cloudy,careful,interesting,friendly,useful,interested,1,）名词,+ful,（满的、全部）,less,（少的、完全不）,变形容词,care,-ful,careful,小心的,-,-less,careless,粗心的,help,helpful,有用的,helpless,无助的,use,useful,有益的,useless,无效的,forget,forgetful,健忘的,color colorful,多彩的,colorless,无色的,peace peaceful,和平的,peaceless,不平静的,harm harmful,有害的,harmless,无害的,2.,掌握下列名词和形容词的转化,2,）名词,+,y,变形容词,rain,rainy,luck,lucky,cloud,cloudy,noise,noisy,（以,e,结尾，去,e,，加,-y,）,snow,snowy,sun,sunny,（双写，加,-y,）,wind,windy ice icy,fog foggy,2.,掌握下列名词和形容词的转化,2.,掌握下列名词和形容词的转化,2,）名词,+,l,y,变形容词,Friend friendly,友好的,dead deadly,致命的,love lovely,可爱的,lone lonely,孤独的,like likely,可能的,live lively,活泼的,brother brotherly,兄弟般的,3.,形容词的构成形式还有以下几种,1,）,-ing,形容词,修饰物,这类形容词多由及物动词变成,alarming,使人惊动的,amazing,令人惊奇的,boring,无聊的,exciting,令人兴奋的,intersting,有趣的,relaxing,令人轻松的,2,）,-ed,形容词,修饰人,大多数,-ed,形容词都以及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义多数为品质的形容词,Tired,疲倦的,troubled,麻烦的,worried,忧虑的,surprised,惊奇的,pleased,高兴的,a,red,apple,a,round,table,tall,buildings,a,Japanese,girl,an,old,bike,表颜色,表国籍,表形状,表新旧,表长短,be,look,get,keep,turn,feel,become,seem,grow,smell,+,adj.,2.,形容词作表语放在连系动词之后。,形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词有两种形式，即比较级，表示“比较,”,最高级，表示“最,”和它们相对的是形容词的原级,.,1,、未尾加,-er,-est eg,：,great(,巨大的,)greater greatest,2,、以不发音的,e,结尾,eg,：,nice(,好的,)nicer nicest,3,、,“,以辅音字母,+y”,要把“,y,”变“,I,”再加,-er,-est,eg,：,easy(,容易的,)easier easiest busy(,忙的,)busier busiest,4,、以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅音,+,元音,+,辅音”结尾的要双写在加,-er,-est,eg,：,hot(,热的）,hotter hottest5,、三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能在形容词前面加,more,，,most,表示它们的比较级和最高级,Eg,：,important(,重要的,)more important most importantbeautiful,、,wonderful,、,dangerous,、,famous,、,modern,2),不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级,good(,好的,)well(,健康的,)better bestbad(,坏的,)ill(,有病的,)worse worstold(,老的,)older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(,多的,)more mostlittle(,少的,)less leastfar(,远的）,farther/further farthest/furthest,二、形容词各等级的用法：,1,、原级（同级）比较：,asas;not as(so)as,表示“和,一样,”“与,不一样”,Tam is as tall as jam,Well give you as much help as we can.,注意：在否定句中不能用比较级,2.,比较级的用法,a,、比较级,+than,She,is taller than,his sister,b,、表示两者之间“比,更,”可用状语,much,a little,even,等修饰：,He made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I.,C,、比较级,+and+,比较级，表示“越来越,”,Your English is getting better and better,D,、,the+,比较级,the+,比较级，表示“越是,越,The harder you work,，,the greater progress youll make,E,、形容词的比较级可以单独使用,Who is taller,？,Be more careful next time,。,3,、最高级：形容词最高级前必须加,the,副词最高级前常省略,the,，后面多用,of,，,in,短语表示范围：,eg,：,He is the tallest of the three.,三、重点与难点：,1,、,asas,结构“和,一样,”,你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。,Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.2,、,tooto,与,sothat sb.cant,的句型转换“太,而不能,”：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：,The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.The milk was too hot to drink.The milk was so hot that we cant drink it.,形容词的特殊用法,1,、某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，常表示一类人,常见的形容词有：,good,、,rich,、,poor,、,young,、,old,、,deaf,、,blind,、,black,、,white,、,living,、,dead,Eg,：,old often think of old things,老年人经常回想往事。,2,、多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为：,限定词,数词,描写性形容词,限定词有（冠词,指示代词,形容词性物主代词）,描绘性形容词有（大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧、颜色等）,Eg,：,a small round table,a tall white building,国籍,地区,出处,物质材料,用途,类别,+,名词,Eg,：,a famous American medical school,一个非常著名的美国医学院,冠词,品质形容词,颜色形容词,类别形容词,+,名词,Eg,：,a small yellow wooden table,冠词,品质,大小,年岁,颜色,国家,分词,+,名词,Eg,：,a beautiful old red French hand made cupboard,。一个美丽的红色的旧法国手工制作的橱柜,补充部分,1,、比较级的修饰词有：,much,、,far,、,even,、,a little,、,a lot,、,rather,（稍微，有点）、,still,Eg,：,you look much happier than you did yesterday,。,2,、形容词前也可以加,any,、,no,、,some,、,even,、,still,等词,Eg,：,do you feel any better today,？,3,、比较级前面还可以加其他表示数量的词,Eg,：,my sister is ten years younger than me,。,4,、序数词（,first,、,second,）只修饰最高级,Eg,：,Africa is the second largest continent,非洲是第二大洲,5,、,very,可修饰最高级、但位置与,much,不同,Eg,：,this is the very best,this is much the best,副词的作用：修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。,表示：时间、地点、程度、方式等,副词,副词可根据它们的意义分为以下几类：,1,、普通副词,2,、疑问副词,3,、连接副词,4,、关系副词,普通副词,1,、地点副词：,ahead,、,in,、,inside,、,down,、,away,、,here,、,up,、,常放在谓语动词之后,eg,：,He went away,2,、频率副词：（参考之前的笔记）,3,、方式副词：,slowly,、,happily,、,quickly,、,sadly,常放在被修饰的动词之后或句末,Eg:He ran quickly,4,、程度副词：,very,、,much,、,quite,、,awfally,常放在被它修饰的形容词，副词或动词的前面,Eg,：,The book is very good,5,、语气副词：,luckily,、,besides,、,obviously,常放在句首，修饰全句，表示强调说明或表示说话人的语气和态度,Eg,：,unfortunately,，,he wont be here tomorrow evening,6,、时间副词：,today,、,yesterday,、,ago,、,before,、,just,、,now,、,tomorrow,、,last,确切的时间副词可放在句首或句末,Eg,：,They talked with Tom about it yesterday,副词的用法,1,、,almost,、,nearly,的用法：两者均可作“几乎”的意思，有时可通用。,区别：,a,、,almost,比,nearly,在程度上更接近些，感情色彩更浓，但不如,nearly,客观。,b,、可以说,not nearly,但不可以说,not almost,2,、,all together,与,altogether,的用法,区别,a,、,all together,指一个群体中的每一位，意为“每个人都，每件东西都”,Eg,：,he put the books all together on the bookshelf.,b,、,altogether,做副词用，意为“总共、完全、总体来说、总数”,Eg,：,I dont altogether agree with you opinion,3,、,mostly,和,most,的区别,mostly,做副词，指主要地，大部分的,most,作为“很，十分”放在多音节的形容词或副词前面构成最高级。,4,、,hard,和,hardly,的区别,Hard,努力地、困难地,hardly,（否定副词）几乎不,5,、,last,和,lastly,的区别,Last,最近、最后、上一次,lastly,是最后地,6,、,such,和,so,的区别,such,修饰名词,so,修饰形容词和副词,用 法,例 句,I dont speak English,well,.,Reading is,very,important.,He didnt run fast,enough,.,Luckily,she didnt hurt badly.,副词,修饰形容词,修饰动词,修饰副词,修饰全句,1.,副词的作用,:,用来修饰动词,.,形容词,.,其它副词,.,全句或,名词词组及句子,用 法,例 句,作表语,My mother,is,out,.,作定语,The girl,there,is my friend.,作状语,He runs,fast,.,作宾补,I found him,outside.,二、副词,副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之前,。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。,如,:,1.She works,hard,.,（修饰动词）,2.I am,very,busy.,（修饰形容词）,3.He runs,too,quickly.,（修饰副词）,4.We play,happily.,（修饰动词）,adj.,adv.,?,ly,2.,有许多副词是对应的形容词加,ly,构成。,real really,如,:,strong strongly,词尾是,y,的要把,y,变为,i,再加,ly,如,:busy busily,happy happily,有几个特殊的要,去,e,后再加,-ly,或,y,如,:true tru,ly,terrible-terrib,ly,以,e,结尾的,大部分直接加,-ly,如,:wide widely,brave bravely,slow _ real _,usual _ careful_,easy _ happy _,heavy _ angry _,slow,ly,usual,ly,eas,ily,heav,ily,real,ly,careful,ly,happ,ily,angr,ily,通常在形容词后加,-ly,变成副词。,slow _ real _,usual _ careful_,easy _ happy _,heavy _ angry _,slow,ly,usual,ly,eas,ily,heav,ily,real,ly,careful,ly,happ,ily,angr,ily,-ly,（副词后缀）,bad,badly,quick,quickly,careful,carefully,happy,happ,ily,deep,deeply,lucky,luck,ily,usual,usually,noisy,nois,ily,slow,slowly,angry,angr,ily,strong,stronglyquiet,quietly,polite politely,wide widely,nice nicely,特例：,true-truly terrible-terribly,comfortable-comfortably,Possible-possibly,怎样将形容词变成副词？,sad quiet usual,lucky happy noisy,true terrible,既可作形容词又可作副词,fast deep,hard close,well high,low last,late early,well,身体好的,(adj.)He is very well.,好地,(adv.)He swims well.,hard,困难的；坚硬的,(adj.)It is hard work.,努力地,(adv.)He woks hard.,hardly,几乎不,(adv.),它和,hard,没关系,I can hardly speak French.,注意,:,good,的副词是,well,。,hard,既是形容词也是副词,作形容词是“困难的”，作副词是“努力地”。,hardly,的意思是“几乎不”它和,hard,没关系。,fast,既是形容词也是副词,“,快的,/,地”,类似的还有,high,early,late.,注意,:,1.The six students put their,hands,_(close),in front of them.,2.Do sports erery day to keep_(health).,3.It snowed _(heavy)yesterday.,4.The rain will be _(heavy)in some places.,5.It will be _(sun)tomorrow.,6.Her pen was _(break).,closed,healthy,heavily,heavy,sunny,broken,Revision,