果蔬采后处理.ppt

,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on antioxidant enzyme activities,flavonoids and post-harvest fruit quality of blueberries,异硫氰酸烯丙酯（,AITC,）,对蓝莓中抗氧化酶活性、黄酮类物质和果实采后品质的影响,教师：寇晓虹 学生：李兴元,目录,结果分析及展望,目的,创新点,试验主要内容,实验结果,目的,目前人们对,天然保鲜抗菌剂,和无公害的保鲜措施给予了越来越高的关注，,AITC,是十字花科植物中天然合成的一种具有较强抗菌能力的化合物，已经用做防腐剂并证明对人体无害，极具开发价值。,意在阐明,AITC,处理蓝莓果实，对其在储藏过程中糖、酸、酶（抗氧化酶、过氧化物酶、还原酶）、非酶化合物的含量变化的影响。寻求一种较好的蓝莓储存的方法。,创新点,目前已有,AITC,可以有效控制草莓、黑莓、蓝莓等水果腐败的研究，但对于其机理以及果实中重要成分的影响的研究还是空白。,弥补了目前没有关于,AITC,对蓝莓中糖、有机酸、抗氧化酶活性、花青素，总酚含量的影响的有效数据的空白。,创新点一,创新点二,试验主要内容,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,糖,有机酸,花色苷、总酚含量,各种酶的酶活性,其他非酶化合物,ASA,GSH,实验原料处理,保证果实处于商业成熟阶段，完好无损，大小均一，随机分组，随机选取进行实验。,在之后的第,3,、,7,、,10,、,14,天取样，,-80,冬藏样品。一边后续的成分分析。,分为对照组和实验组（,AITC,处理），实验组是将,AITC,点在滤纸上，放在盛有蓝莓的盒子中，常温下自由挥发,16,小时，之后,-10,储存,蓝莓的保质期很短，常温下只能储存,3,天，因此，果实极易腐败变质。所以原料要及时处理。,糖、有机酸的检测,样品处理：用均质机将,4g,样品在,15ml,咪唑缓冲液中浸提两次，过滤净化。,一式三份。,仪器：气相色谱分析，（火焰离子检测器，融合二氧化硅毛细管柱）,计算：比较样品和标准物的峰值。,花色苷、总酚含量的测定,样品处理：将,5,克样品浸泡在含有,0.2%,的,80%,的丙酮中，均质后进行离心（,4,下,14000g,离心,20min,），取上清液在,-80,下储存。,一式三份。,仪器：高效液相色谱仪,计算：制作标准曲线；测定恢复值（将定量纯净物在相同条件下储存，在同样的处理条件下，测量出恢复值）,各种酶类的测定,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（,GSH-POD,），谷胱甘肽还原酶（,GR,），过氧化物歧化酶（,SOD,），抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（,AsA-POD,），愈创木酚过氧化物酶（,G-POD,），脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（,DHAR,），单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（,MDAR,）。,检测方法：样品处理方法不尽相同，启动反应的物质不同（,H2O2;GSSG;NADPH,）,分光光度计的波长不同。,酶活力单位：例，,NADPH,氧化量（,nmol,）,/,蛋白质质量（,g,）*,min,非酶化合物（抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽）的测定,样品处理：将,4g,样品放入,8ml,冷却的三氯乙酸，在研钵中研磨后过滤，取滤液在,4 16000g,下离心,10min,取上清液分析。一式三份。,分析：应用已有的标准曲线。,糖、有机酸测定结果,变化规律：,糖：对照组从第三天开始，含糖量开始下降，而实验组的含糖量一度上升，在十天之后才开始下降。,有机酸：对照组和试验组的有机酸含量均为下降状态，试验组中的有机酸下降速度较快。,最终导致试验组中的果实最终糖酸比上升。,花色苷测定结果,变化规律：,一些花色苷含量持续下降，另一些在储存过程中会有一个含量上升的过程，在第七天或第十天达到高峰，之后含量下降。但总体上，试验组中的花色苷的含量较对照组中的低。,酚类物质测定结果,变化规律：与花色苷的变化规律几乎一致。,因此，依据花色苷和酚类物质的变化规律可以得出结论，,AITC,处理的果实在储存中抗氧化能力会减弱。,各种酶类及非酶化合物测定结果,变化规律：对照组中酶活力和非酶化合物的含量前七天在均有一个上升的过程，之后会下降。试验组中的各数据均下降且数值小于对照组。,结果分析及展望,结果分析：,AITC,处理在一定程度上降低了花色苷、多酚类、抗坏血酸等非酶化合物的含量，以及多钟重要的抗氧化酶的活性，但,AITC,处理却很好的保持了蓝莓果实的品质（糖酸比），,AITC,保持果实品质的主要原因是抑制了腐败行为生物的生长。,综合以上两项，本文得出假设：,AITC,的作用机理可能是自身影响产生游离氧离子，在杀死微生物的同时，也降低了果实的抗氧化能力。,研究展望：,AITC,、低剂量的精油、能提高果实抗氧化能力的无害化合物它们的抗微生物能力和对果实的最小副作用需要测定。,以上这些处理方法对果实质构、口感的影响需要进一步研究。,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall 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