雅思小作文导论.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,IELTS writing,国际合作教育学院 徐莹,Aims of the Session,To give a brief overview of the test.,To suggest ways to prepare for the paper.,To offer tips on how to do the tasks.,To suggest possible resources.,What is I,-,E,-,L,-,T,-,S?,IELTS:,I,nternational,E,nglish,L,anguage,T,esting,S,ystem,It is jointly owned by UCLES,剑桥大学考试委员会,(the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate),the British Council,英国使馆文化教育处,and IDP Education Australia,澳大利亚教育国际开发署,.,What is IELTS?,four main areas of language proficiency:Listening,Reading,Writing,and speaking.,two modules of IELTS:,academic,VS.general training,nine levels of band score,Listening,30 minutes,4 sections,40 items,General Training Reading,60 minutes,3 sections,40 items,Academic Reading,60 minutes,3 sections,40 items,General Training Writing,60 minutes,2 tasks,Academic Writing,60 minutes,2 tasks,Speaking,11-14 minutes,3 parts,9 band scale,9-expert user,8-very good user,7-good user,6-competent user,5-modest user,4-limited user,3-extremely limited user,2-intermittent user,1-non-user,语言要求,移民或读语言学校：,=5,分,(Modest User),留学,:=6,分,(Competent User),法律、传媒、管理等名校的研究生,:,写作最好达到,7,分,(Good User),。,Test taker performance,2010,Test taker performance,2010,国际学院 历年雅思写作成绩,最高分：,8,最低分：？,平均分：,6.23,最大分数提高：,5.5-8,低于,Band 5,的六种技术情况：,没有完成写作任务,格式错误,字迹模糊，难以辨认,Task 1,和,Task 2,写反,攻击考官,Writing task 1,Description:,客观准确,描述图表内容。,Line graph/pie chart/bar chart/table(,数据图,),Flow chart/map (,非数据图,),50%,科技,环保,媒体,社会,文化,犯罪,政府政策,抽象类别、交通、旅游、动物,Writing,Task 2,presented with a point of view or argument or problem.,Present and justify an opinion,e.g.Do you think trial by jury should be used in all criminal cases?,Compare and contrast evidence,opinions and implications,e.g.Every generation of people is different in important ways.How is your generation is different from your parents generation?,Evaluate and challenge ideas,evidence or an argument,e.g.Failure shows desire wasnt strong enough.To what extent do you agree?,Marking Criteria,评分标准,Examiner award a band score for each of 4 criterion areas:,1.Task,Achievement,(task 1),任务完成,Task,Response,(task 2),任务反应,(,内容,),2.Coherence and Cohesion,衔接与连贯,(,组织结构,),3.Lexical Resource,词汇,(,深度与广度,),4.Grammatical range and Accuracy,语法,(,准确性与多样性,),评分标准与备考策略,Task,Achievement,(task 1),任务,完成 客观准确、简要清晰,General overview,概括图表中最显著的主要特征。,Key feature,选择,关键特征,进行描述（八字箴言），严禁简单罗列。,Supported details,使用具体数值支持上述关键特征。,考察思考能力,Task,One,处理归纳提取信息,处理归纳提取信息,评分标准与备考策略,跟随课程进度、了解各类图表常见写作模式。,精研同一个图表的各种信息归纳方式，加快信息提取效率。,广泛阅读各类新型图表和相应描述短文。,2),任务,反应 观点明确、有理有据,Position,明确的立场观点,(,不跑题,),Clear main idea,有力的支持论证,(,不假、大、空,),考察思考能力,Should criminals be punished with lengthy jail terms or re-educated and rehabilitated,using community service programs for instance,before being reintroduced to society?,What is your opinion?,(,08/1/21,),The issue of environmental protection is becoming too big and far-reaching for individuals and any single nation to handle.Therefore,the issue can only be addressed from an international or global perspective.,To what extent do you agree or disagree?,(,09/6/16,),Task Two,广泛阅读，培养批判思维能力,(,论点，论据,),评分标准与备考策略,1.,扩大阅读量，关注时事热点。,and Cohesion,衔接与连贯,clear&logic,Development/Paragraphing/Link,关联词分为三种：段间，句间，和句内关联词。,段间：写作流程中介绍,句内关联词：主要用于句子扩展,句间关联词：,1.,表转折：,however,nevertheless,2.,表递进：,in addition,moreover,furthermore,3.,表因果：,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,中英思维对比,英语：形合,VS.,汉语：意合,“,他有个女儿，在郊区工作，已经打电话去了，下午就能赶到,.”,暗换主语,表达清楚,在,语言意义,上达成语篇。,“You can fight a hundred battles without defeat,if,you know the enemy,as well as,yourself.You will win one battle,and,lose one battle,if,you know yourself,but,leave yourself in the dark about the enemy.You will lose every battle,if,you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.”,通过大量反映形式关系的动词不定式、分词、介词、连词、关系代词关、系副词等把句子的其他成分层层搭架,;,从,语言形式,上结合成语篇。,评分标准与备考策略,学好精读课文，注意关联词的积累。,使用常见的关联词，做造句练习。,对比中英行文方式，找出及时发现头疼的“中式英语”。,评分标准与备考策略,Lexical Resource,词汇,(,广度与深度,),“Range”,大量同义表达法“,One equals to none.,”,eg.Important,“Idiomatic,less common”,地道及少见的表达方式,eg.More and more,increasing number of,“avoid repetition”,避免重复,“style”,语体,eg.guy,ads.,“spelling”,拼写正确,评分标准与备考策略,Grammatical range and Accuracy,语法,(,准确性与多样性,),Simple plex structure.,复杂句型,Range,变化多样的语法结构,(,剑,7,新趋势,),Punctuation,标点,烤鸭小常识之“剑,1-7,”,评分标准与备考策略,“深度学习”,精读课。,Input,output,反复修改习作，总结自身错误列表。,Reading makes a full man.,but writing makes an exact man.,-Francis Bacon,Warning,Do not write memorized answers.If the examiner sees that your answer is memorized from this book or any other source(by comparing it with original)you will get a score of 0,because no original writing will have been submitted for assessment.,A memorized answer is by definiton one written by someone else,.,Do not cheat,You must only start when the invigilator says you may(NOT as soon as you receive your Task card)and you must stop when you are told to stop.,You MUST stop writing and put your pencil down when the invigilator announces the end of the test.,DO NOT continue writing after the test has finished.,You may be used to teachers who allow you a little latitude in this matter,but there is no extra time in IELTS,Academic Writing Module Test Overview,时间,字数,题型,考查,能力,分数,比重,A,类,G,类,Task 1,20mins/15mins,150words,Chart,(,line,pie,bar,table,flow,map,),Letter,（,complaint,request,apology,),客观描述信息和数据,1/3,Task 2,40mins/45mins,250words,议论文,说理和论证,2/3,Resources for Writing Module Practice,Books:,Cambridge Examination Papers:IELTS 1,2,3,4,5,6,7(,烤鸭必备,),Course books:,雅思写作教程 徐莹 于守刚 孙卓敏 高等教育出版社,2011/5,Jakeman,V&McDowell,C(1999),Insight into IELTS,CUP.,OConnell,Sue(2002),Focus on IELTS,Longman.,Resources for Writing Module Practice,Web sites,ielts.org(,官网,),www.chinaielts.org/,（官网中文版）,了解雅思考试动向,ielts.Com,END,