文化与文明比较.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Culture,Civilization,&,英语,92,朱惠敏,21109206,culture,the customs and believes,art,way of life and social organization of a particular country or group.,a country,group,etc.with its own believes,art,music,literature,etc,thought of as a group,.,civilization,a state of human society,that is very developed and organized.,a society,its culture and its way of life,during a,particular,period of time or in a particular part of the world.,Culture,(from the Latin,cultura,stemming from,colere,meaning,to cultivate,),Culture is traditionally the oldest human character,its significant traces separating,Homo,(,人属,)from,australopithecines,(,更新纪灵长动物,),and Man from the Animals.,The concept first emerged in 18th-and 19th-century in Europe.It connoted a process of,cultivation,（种植）,or,improvement,(,完善,),as in,agriculture,or,horticulture,(,园艺,),In the nineteenth century,it came to refer first to the,betterment,(,改善,)or,refinement,（改进）,of the individual,especially through,education,Origin and development,In the twentieth century,“culture”emerged as a concept central to,anthropology,（人类学）,the evolved,（进化了的）,human capacity to classify and represent experiences with,symbols,（符号）,and to act imaginatively and creatively;,(2)the distinct,（截然不同的）,ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences,and acted creatively.,Ancient Egyptian,art,1,400 BC The,Persian,波斯,Hasht-Behesht Palace,Different cultures,Civilization,The word,civilization,comes from the Latin,civilis,meaning,civil,(,民间,)and relates to the Latin,civis,meaning,citizen,and,civitas,meaning,city,The word,civil,appeared in English meaning of or related to citizens”.,In 1704,civilization,was used to mean“,a law which makes a criminal process into a civil case,”.,Civilization,was not used in its modern sense to mean“the opposite of,barbarism,(,野蛮,)”as contrasted to,civility,meaning politeness or civil virtue,（公民德性）,until the second half of the 18th century.,The map of world civilization,Midtown,New York City,.,Cities,are a hallmark(,特征,)of human civilization,The,Great Pyramid of Giza,is the most recognizable symbol of the,Ancient Egyptian,civilization.,The,Great Wall of China,built from the 5th century,BC,has become the symbol of the,Chinese,civilization.,comparison,Culture,is a system of shared beliefs,values,arts,music,customs,behaviors,and artifacts,（人工制品）,that the members of society use to,cope with their world,and that are,transmitted from generation to generation,through learning.,文化,是人类生活的反映，活动的记录，历史的积沉，是人们对生活的需要和要求、理想和愿望，是人们的,高级精神生活,。她包含了一定的思想和理论,生存的方式和方法,.,Civilization,is,a complex society,that has cities,social classes,and government.Culture is just one aspect of civilization.,Its possible for a culture to exist without civilization,but a civilization cannot exist without culture.In addition,a civilization can encompass(,包含,),more than one,culture.,一个文明可以孕育出多种文化,Culture can be transmitted through symbols in the form of language whereas an entire civilization cannot be transmitted by mere language alone.,Thank you,