上课用的被动语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,EXERCISES,1.The more you think about it,the more questions you will think of _.,A.ask B.being asked,C.asking D.to ask,2.The man has never _ a lie(,谎言,).,A.heard telling,B.heard to tell,C.been heard to tell,D.been heard tell,3.He said that his teeth needed _.,A.to be repaired B.repair,C.repaired D.to repair,4.The idea seems good but it needs_.,A.trying on B.to try at,C.to be tried out,D.being tried,5.Its a little painful _ an injection(,打针,),A.to give B.be given,C.to be given D.given,6.She remembers _ a present when she was young.,A.to give B.to be given,C.giving D.being given,7.Tell me what _ next.,A.to be finished B.be finished,C.to finish D.finish,8.The dirty clothes _ by his mother now.,are washed,B.are washing,C.were washed,D.are being washed,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。,1.We can finish the work in two days.,The work _ _ _ in two days.,2.They produce silk in Suzhou.,Silk _ _ in Suzhou.,3.The children will sing an English song.,An English song _ _ _ by the children.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,4.You neednt do it now.,It _ _ _ by you now.,5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.,A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.,6.He made me do that for him.,I _ _ _ _that for him.,7.I have given this book to the library.,This book _ _ _ to the library.,neednt be done,was sent to,was made to do,has been given,(,一,),语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：,They will build a new bridge over the river.(,主动,),A new bridge will be built over the river.(,被动,),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：,助动词,be+,及物动词的过去分词,构成。,(,二,),被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化,主要体现在,be,的变化上，其形式与系动词,be,的变化形式完全一样。以,give,为例，列表如下：,一般现在时：,am/is/are+given,一般过去时：,was/were+given,一般将来时：,shall/will+be+given,现在进行时：,am/is/are+being+given,现在完成时：,have/has+been+given,过去完成时：,had+been+given,过去进行时：,was/were+being+given,过去将来时：,should/would+be+given,将来完成时：,shall/will+have been+given,过去将来完成时：,should/would+have been+given,注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,(,三,),被动语态常用的八种时态,1.,一般现在时：,2.,一般过去时：,3.,一般将来时,4.,过去将来时：,5.,现在进行时：,6.,过去进行时：,7.,现在完成时：,8.,过去完成时：,9.,含有情态动词的被动语态：,(,三,),被动语态常用的八种时态,1.,一般现在时：,People grow rice in the south of the country.,Rice is grown in the south of the country.,2.,一般过去时：,They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.,The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.,3.,一般将来时：,They will send cars abroad by sea.,Cars will be sent abroad by sea.,4.,过去将来时：,The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.,The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.,5.,现在进行时：,The radio is broadcasting English lessons.,English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.,6.,过去进行时：,This time last year we were planting trees here.,Trees were being planted here this time last year.,7.,现在完成时：,Someone has told me,the sports meet might be put off.,I have been told the sports meet might be put off.,8.,过去完成时：,When I got to the theatre,I found,they,had already sold out,the tickets.,When I got to the theatre,I found,the tickets,had already been sold out.,9.,含有情态动词的被动语态：,含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词,+be+,及物动词的过去分词”构成。,You,must hand in,your compositions after class.,Your compositions,must be handed in,after class.,(,四,),被 动 语 态 的 使 用,1.,当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用,by,短语。,“,Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.”,(,只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的,),。,2.,突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用,by,短语。,These records were made by John Denver.,The cup was broken by Paul.,(,四,),被 动 语 态 的 使 用,3.,当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用,in,+,名词作状语，而代替,by,短语。,These cars were made in China.,15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,(,五,),主动语态变被动语态的方法,（,1,）,My aunt,invited,me,to her dinner party.,主语,谓语,宾语,I,was invited,(by,my aunt,)to her dinner party.,主语,谓语,宾语,（,2,）,The school,set up a special class to help poor readers.,A special class to help poor readers was set up,in the school,.,1.,把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。,2.,把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的,be,+,过去分词,，时态要与原句保持一致。,3.,把主动语态的主语变为介词,by,的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，,by,短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用,in,+,地点名词作状语。,主动转换成被动的几中类型,:,(1)S+V+O(,主语,+,动词,+,宾语,),They said that he would come,back,back,soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,注,:,带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动,语态时,需要将宾语从句变为主语从句,通常用形式主语来代替而将主语从句,后置,.,类似的有,:it is said/believed/,hoped/supposed that,S+V+O+C,(,主语,+,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,),S+V+,Oi,+,Od,(,主语,+,动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,),被动语态变化的疑难点,主动形式表被动含义,(1),动词,want,need,require,deserve,后用动名词的主动形式,这时,动名词,同句中的主语有动宾关系,.,(2),有些及物动词后须加副词,(,如,well,easily,表示主语内在品质或性能,等,),有些词可不加,如,act,clean,cut,draw,look,open,read,sell,wash,write,等,The cloth washes easily.,这布很好洗。,The new product sells well.,这新产品很畅销。,The pen writes smoothly.,这支笔写字很流畅。,对比：,The books sell well.(,主动句,),The books were sold out.(,被动句,),(3),某些感官动词和系动词,(,如,feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste,等,),与形容词连用时,.,(4),某些作表语的形容词后，用不定,式的主动式,(,句子主语是不定式的,逻辑主语或不定式修饰的词也是它,的逻辑宾语,),二,.,下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：,(1).,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：,feel,，,look,seem,taste,sound,remain,等。,Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.,误：,It is felt very soft.,The food tastes delicious.,误：,The food is tasted delicious.,The pop music sounds beautiful.,误：,The pop music is sounded beautiful.,(2).,谓语是及物动词,leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own,等。如：,He entered the room and got his book.,误：,The room was entered and his book was got.,She had her hand burned.,误：,Her hand was had burned,.,(3).,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：,take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to,等。如：,The fire broke out in the capital building.,误：,The fire was broke out in the capital building.,(4),不及物动词没有被动语态，如：,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,等。,When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.,误：,The sun had already been risen.,After the earthquake,few houses remained.,误：,After the earthquake,few houses were remained.,(5).,宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，,v-ing,形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：,I taught myself English.,误：,Myself was taught English.,We love each other.,误：,Each other is loved.,7.,在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：,据说,It is said that,据报导,It is reported that,据推测,It is supposed that,希望,It is hoped that,众所周知,It is well known that,普遍认为,It is generally considered that,有人建议,It is suggested that,1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.,2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词,-,ing,形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。,In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.,is serving B.is served,C.served D.serves,2.This is Teds phone.We miss him a lot.He _ trying to save a child in earthquake.,killed B.is killed,C.was killed D.was killing,3.-Have you moved into the new house?,-Not yet,the rooms _,A.are being painted,B.are painting,C.are painted,D.are being painting,4.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_?,is not being decided,are not decided,have not been decided,has not been decided,5.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that for-fifths of the tickets _.,was booked,B.had been booked,C.were booked,D.have been booked,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,动词不定式的作用,Functions of Infinitive,一结构,:to do,(,否定,)not to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,Similar structures in Reading,1.It was going,to be tested,out,by Larrys wife.,2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her,to be harmed,.,3.Claire thought it was ridiculous,to be offered,sympathy by a robot.But she began to trust him.,4.How awful,to be discovered,by her.,5.By that time,Tony expected the house,to be completely transformed,.,6.What a sweet victory,to be envied,by those women!,复习不定式的被动式,不定式的被动式的构成,;,一般被动式,:to be+,过去分词,完成被动式,:to have been+P.P,2.,不定式的被动式的用法,不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,时,要用不定式的被动式,.,不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑,主语是不定式动作的承受者,有表示,其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或在其后发生,;,不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑,主语是不定式动作的承受者,有表示,其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,.,练习,:,翻译,1.,他希望被送到那里,.,2.,我想早点知道结果,.,3.,她的梦想是被派往国外留学,.,4.,他回来之后有被打发走了。,5.,船长命令升旗,.,