高考英语 Unit3知识与要点课件 新人教版选修6 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,A healthy life(,健康生活,),功能,1.Prohibition(,禁止,),2.Warning(,警告,),3.Permission(,允许,),语法,The use of,“,it,”,(1),it,的用法,(1),重点,单词,stress,，,adolescent,，,ban,，,addicted,，,accustomed,，,automatic,，,automatically,，,mental,，,mentally,，,quit,，,unfit,，,strengthen,，,disappointed,，,risk,，,awkward,重点,短语,due to,，,be addicted to,，,be accustomed to,，,decide on,，,in spite of,，,feel like(doing),，,take risks(a risk),，,at risk,，,get into,，,stand for,重点,句型,1.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.,2,It is no good crying over spilt milk.,3,Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,，,remind yourself that you are a non,smoker.,4,It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.,1,stress n,重压，逼迫，压力；重音；重点,vt.,施加压力于；使紧张；重读,归纳拓展,(1)time of stress,危难之际，非常时期,under stress,压力之下,under the stress of.,在,压力下，为,所迫,(3)stressful,adj,.,压力重的；紧张的,a stressful job,/situation/,lifestyle,繁重的工作,/,艰难的处境,/,紧张的生活方式,She laid great stress on proper behavior.,她很强调行为端正。,In the word,“,mother,”,，,the stress is on the first syllable.,在,“,mother,”,这一单词里，重音在第一个音节上。,The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.,英语老师强调了大声朗读的重要性。,【,链接训练,】,Things can easily go wrong when people are under _.,A,stress,B,weight,C,load,D,strength,【,解析,】,句意为：人们在有压力的情况下，做事容易出差错。,stress,“,压力,”,；,weight,“,重量,”,；,load,“,负担,”,；,strength,“,力量,”,。,under stress,“,压力之下,”,。,【,答案,】,A,2,accustomed adj.,通常的，惯常的；习惯的,归纳拓展,(1)be accustomed to,习惯于,(,表示状态,),become/get accustomed to,变得习惯于,(,不延续的动作,),(2)accustom,v,t,.,使,(,人,),习惯于，养成习惯,accustom sb.,/oneself to(doing)sth.,使某人,/,自己习惯于某事,Im not accustomed to talking at meals.,我不习惯吃饭时说话。,You will soon get accustomed to the new way of life.,你很快就会习惯这种新的生活方式。,It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea.,他过了一段时间后才习惯了这个想法。,He took his accustomed seat by the fire.,他在火炉旁经常坐的座位上坐了下来。,诱导展望,在,be,/become/,get accustomed to,短语中,to,为介词，其后的宾语应为名词、代词或动名词。,【,链接训练,】,Im not_up so early yet,，,but I have to_ myself to it.,Yeah.Just as the saying goes,，,“,An early bird catches the worm,”,A,used to getting,；,adopt,B,accustomed to getting,；,accustom,C,used to get,；,adapt,D,accustomed to get,；,accustom,【,解析,】,空一考查,be accustomed to doing,和,be used to doing,的用法，意为,“,习惯于做,”,，故排除,C,、,D,两项；空二考查,accustom oneself to sth.,“,使自己习惯于某事,”,，若,A,项中的,adopt,改为,adapt,也为正确答案，,adapt oneself to,“,使某人自己适应某事,”,，而,adopt,是,“,采纳，采取,”,之意。,【,答案,】,B,3,effect n,C,，,U,结果，效果,(,力,),；影响，作用,归纳拓展,(1)cause and effect,因果,be of no effect,无效的；无用的,come/go into effect,生效；实行,have an,/some/,little,/no effect on,对,有,/,有一些,/,几乎没有,/,没有影响,take effect,生效；起作用,in effect,实际上；事实上,(2)effective,adj,.,有效的；显著的，惹人注目的,Scientists are studying the chemicals effect on the environment.,科学家正在研究该化学物质对环境的影响。,Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.,生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。,The new tax rates come into effect from April.,新的税率从四月起生效。,The new laws take effect from tomorrow.,新法令明日生效。,【,链接训练,】,It is said that your reading environment can have a great_your understanding,，,so give some thought_you can create or choose the right reading environment.,A,effects on,；,on how B,effect on,；,on how,C,effects upon,；,to what D,effect on,；,to what,【,解析,】,空一考查固定短语,have an effect on,“,对,有影响,”,，故排除,A,、,C,两项；又根据句意可知是,“,如何创造或选择合适的阅读环境的一些想法,”,，故正确答案为,B,。,【,答案,】,B,4,desperate adj.,绝望的，拼命的；不顾一切的,归纳拓展,(1)make desperate efforts to do,拼命地要做,be desperate to do.,急切地想要做,be desperate for sth.,渴望得到,in desperate need,极其需要,(2)desperately,ad,v,.,绝望地，不顾一切地；非常地,desperation,n,不顾一切，拼命，绝望,in desperation,拼命地,drive sb.to desperation,把,(,某人,),逼到绝境，逼上梁山,We had no food left at all and were getting desperate.,我们一点儿食物都没了，开始感到绝望了。,By then I was desperate for a holiday.,到那时候，我已特别渴望休假了。,He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.,他很渴望通过入学考试。,In desperation he jumped out of the window when he saw that stairs were on fire.,当他看到楼梯着火，便不顾一切从窗口跳了出去。,【,链接训练,】,他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。,(,翻译句子,),_,【,答案,】,He was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.,5,ashamed adj.,感到惭愧或羞耻的,(,为表语形容词,),归纳拓展,(1)be ashamed of(doing)sth.,因,(,做了,),某事而感到羞愧,be ashamed to do sth.,耻于做某事；因难为情而不愿做某事,feel ashamed for sb.,替某人感到羞愧,be ashamed that.,对,感到内疚,(2)shame,n,羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事,shameful,adj,.,不体面的,shameless,adj,.,不知羞耻的,She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.,她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。,She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.,她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。,I feel ashamed that I havent written for so long.,我很久未曾写信，甚为惭愧。,It is a shame that you cant stay with us.,你不能留下来和我们在一起，真是太遗憾了。,诱导展望,对于同源词汇,ashamed,shameful,和,shameless,的辨析易成为高考考查的知识点，必须加以特别注意：,ashamed,指某人因某事而感到羞耻、惭愧；通常作表语。,shameful,指事情或行为本身可耻、不道德。既可作表语，也可作定语，主语或中心词是使人感到丢脸的人或事。,shameless,意为,“,无耻的，不知羞耻的,”,，既可作表语，也可作定语，用于形容人或事物本身,“,恬不知耻的,”,，,“,无耻的,”,。,He is ashamed of his shameful conduct.,他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。,He is a shameless cheat.,他是个无耻的骗子。,【,链接训练,】,He was _ of having asked such a silly question.,A,ashamed B,shames,C,sorry D,regret,【,解析,】,句意为：他因问了个这么傻的问题而感到羞愧。,be ashamed of,意思是,“,因,而惭愧,”,。,【,答案,】,A,Its really _ the way some people treat their pets.,A,ashamed that B,ashamed for,C,shameful D,shameful in,【,解析,】,it,指代后句中的,the way,。,shameful,意为,“,可耻的,”,。句意为：某些人对待他们宠物的方式真可耻。,【,答案,】,C,6,risk,归纳拓展,(1)risk,可用作名词，意为,“,危险，风险；冒险对象,”,。,at all risks/at any risk,无论冒什么风险；无论如何,at the risk of,冒,危险；拿,冒险,take,/run a risk/,risks,冒,的危险；冒险,take/run the risk of doing sth.,冒,的危险做某事,at risk(of),处于危险之中,(,in danger),(2)risk,也可作及物动词，意为,“,冒,的危险；使,遭受危险；拿,冒险,”,，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。,risk sth.,以,作为赌注,risk doing sth.,冒险做某事,risk ones life to do sth.,冒着生命危险做某事,The future of the company is at risk.,公司的发展前景不妙。,He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.,他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。,I wouldnt run the risk of being late for work.,我不会冒上班迟到的危险。,She risked walking home alone at night.,她冒险在夜里独自走回家。,【,链接训练,】,To find the lost sheep,，,he even risked _ caught in a storm,，,which is dangerous.,A,to get,B,getting,C,to be got,D,to getting,【,解析,】,考查,risk,接动词,ing,形式作宾语的用法。句意为：为了找到丢失的羊，他甚至甘冒遭遇风暴之险，那真的很危险。,【,答案,】,B,The disease is spreading and all young children are _.,A,at the risk,B,risked,C,at risk,D,taken a risk,【,解析,】,at risk,in danger,意为,“,处于危险之中,”,。句意为：这种疾病正在传播，所有的小孩都处于危险之中。,【,答案,】,C,They are due to start school in September.,他们九月份就开始上学了。,Have they been paid the money that is due to them?,他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？,Im due for a pay rise soon.,不久就该给我加工资了。,诱导展望,due,为形容词，使用时其前常加,be,动词。而在书面表达中，考生易将其当作动词使用。,【,链接训练,】,Finally,，,the judge said the accident _ the heavy snow,，,so the money _ be paid by the driver.,A,was due to,；,should not B,due to,；,should,C,due to,；,should not D,is due to,；,was due to,【,解析,】,考查,due to,的用法。,due to,为介词短语，主要有,“,由于,”,和,“,约定的,”,两个意思，前面加系动词才能作谓语，故排除,B,、,C,两项；再由句中,said,知应用过去时，故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,2,get into,(,一般不用于被动语态,),(1),使,(,某人,),陷入困境,/,遇到困难等；处于，达到,get into debt,负债,get into trouble,/a temper,惹上麻烦,/,发脾气,(2),养成做某事的,(,习惯,),，习惯于,get into the way,/habit/,routine of doing sth.,学做某事的方法,/,养成做某事的习惯,/,学做某事之常规,(3),开始对,感兴趣；熟悉，学会,归纳拓展,get,的相关短语：,get(sth.)across(to sb.)(,使某事为人,),理解,get along/on with,事情进展；相处,get around/about,四处走动；活动,get away(from),逃脱；离开,get through,通过；拨通,(,电话,),；经历,get over,克服困难；康复；爬过，越过,The business went worse and worse soon he got into debt.,生意越来越糟，很快他负债累累。,He got into trouble with the police while he was still at school.,他还在上学时就与警方产生过纠纷。,He got into the habit of walking home through the park by 10 years old.,他十岁之前就养成了穿过公园步行回家的习惯。,Lots of my friends are getting into Green politics.,我的许多朋友对绿色政治感兴趣。,【,链接训练,】,When I was very young,，,I was terribly frightened of school,，,but I soon _ it _.,A,got,；,off B,got,；,across,C,got,；,away D,got,；,over,【,解析,】,get over,意为,“,熬过，克服,”,，符合句意。,get across,“,理解,”,；,get away,“,逃离,”,；,get off,下车。,【,答案,】,D,3,in spite of,虽然；不顾；尽管,同类辨析,in spite of,，,despite,与,although/though,(1)in spite of,与,despite,同义，常可换用。表让步关系，后接名词或名词短语。,in spite of,为普通用语，,despite,多用于书面语言，,despite,不与,of,连用。,in spite of,n,.,despite(,prep,),n,.,(2)although/though,也是,“,尽管；不管；虽然,”,的意思，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。,in spite of the fact that.(,同位语从句,),although,从句。,We went out despite/in spite of the rain.,尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。,We went out although/though it was raining.,尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。,Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.,尽管她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。,【,链接训练,】,He always did well at school _ having to do part,time jobs every now and then.,A,in case of B,in spite of,C,regardless of D,on account of,【,解析,】,句意为：尽管他不时要去做一些兼职工作，他的功课仍然很好。,in case of,意为,“,假如，如果,发生,”,；,in spite of,意为,“,尽管,”,；,regardless of,意为,“,不顾，不考虑,”,；,on account of,意为,“,由于,的原因,”,。,【,答案,】,B,_the inborn advantages,，,Alex works hard because he loves being an actor.,A,In place of,B,In common with,C,In spite of,D,In time of,【,解析,】,in spite of,是介词短语，表示让步。,【,答案,】,C,4,Would/Do you mind if I,.?,归纳拓展,(1)Would you mind.,？后面接名词、动名词以及,if,引导的从句。,if,从句中要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。但,Do you mind,后的,if,从句不用过去时态。,(2),回答,Would you mind,或,Do you mind.,？问句时，一定要特别注意前后文的一致性。,常见的表,“,不介意,”,的答语有：,Certainly not,；,Not at all,；,Not a bit,；,No,，,go ahead,。,表,“,介意,”,的答语有：,Im sorry,，,but I do,；,Yes,，,I do mind,；,Im sorry,，,but youd better not,。,Would you mind my smoking,？我抽烟你不介意吧？,Would you mind if I open the window?,我打开窗子你介意吗？,I cant hear the news clearly.Would you mind if I turned up the radio?,我听不清新闻，你介意我把收音机音量调大点吗？,【,链接训练,】,Would you mind_over one seat,？,My wife and I can sit together.,_,；,Id like to help you.,A,move,；,Yes B,moving,；,Of course not,C,to move,；,Of course D,moving,；,Certainly,【,解析,】,would you mind.,？后接名词、动名词或,if,引导的从句，故排除,A,、,C,项；回答,Would you mind.,？问句时，表,“,不介意,”,的答语有,certainly not,，,of course not,等。故正确答案为,B,。,【,答案,】,B,it,的用法,(),1,it,的基本用法,(1)it,代替前文已提到过的一件事物。,The vase is valuable.Its more than 200 years old.,那个花瓶很珍贵，它有,200,多年的历史。,(2),当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用,it,来表示，起指示代词的作用。,Who is making such a noise?,是谁发出这样的吵闹声？,It must be the children.,一定是孩子们。,(3)it,无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、季节、温度、时间、地点、距离、环境情况等意义的句子中。,It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.,这里离最近的医院有六英里。,It was very cold.It snowed and grew dark.,天很冷；下着雪，天变黑了。,It was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.,此刻非常吵闹,/,安静。,(4)it,也常用来表示一般的，笼统的情况。,Its awful,Ive got so much work but I dont know where to start.,糟透了,我有这么多工作要做，却不知从何开始。,(5)it,还可在介词后占有宾语的位置，然后通过,that,引出一个介词宾语从句。,You may depend on it that they will support you.,你放心好了，他们会支持你的。,(6)it,可用在主语的位置，代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语，使句子保持平衡，避免头重脚轻。,Its important for us to master the computer skills.,对我们来说，掌握计算机技能十分重要。,Its no use trying to lose weight without keeping your diet.,想减肥却不节制饮食是没用的。,It is said that the meeting will not be held.,据说会议不开了。,(7)it,也可用在宾语的位置，代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式宾语，使句子结构更加紧凑。,I found it quite pleasant to work with him.,我发现和他在一起工作很愉快。,I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble.,我认为不值得费这么大的劲。,We took it for granted that they would like the idea.,我们想当然地认为他们会喜欢这个主意。,(8),用在某些词组中，没有特殊意义。,Thats it.,那正是我想知道的。,At last weve made it.,我们终于成功了。,2,it,引起的几个常用句式,(1)It is,/has been/,was,some time,since,从句。此句型可译为,“,自从,以来已经有多长时间了,”,。,It is fifteen years since she left Shanghai.,自从她离开上海已经有,15,年了。,It is fifteen years since she lived in Shanghai.,她不住在上海已经有,15,年了。,It is fifteen years since she came to Shanghai.,自从她来上海已经有,15,年了。,注意：,终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。,It,be,具体时间,when.,。此句型可译为,“,当某事发生时，时间是在,”,。,It was the next morning when we finished our work.,那是到了第二天早晨我们才完成了工作。,(2)It was(not),some time,before,从句。此句型可译为,“,过了,(,没过,),多长时间才,(,就,),”,。,It will(not)be,some time,before,从句。此句型可译为,“,要过,(,用不了,),多长时间才,(,就,),”,。,It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.,没过多久她就记熟这些诗了。,It was long before the police arrived.,过了很长时间警察才赶到。,It will be hours before he makes a decision.,他需要好几个小时才能作出决定。,【,链接训练,】,With so many people communicating in English every day,，,_ will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.,A,it B,which,C,that D,what,【,解析,】,在这个句子中,it,是形式主语，,to do sth.,是真正的主语。,【,答案,】,A,His sudden look of fear made _ clear that he had something to do with the matter.,A,him B,this,C,it D,that,【,解析,】,it,是形式宾语，代替后面的宾语从句,that he had something to do with the matter,。,【,答案,】,C,_is very hard for those who havent been to small villages to describe their beauty.,A,That B,As,C,It D,This,【,解析,】,It is,adj,.,for sb.to do sth.,为固定结构。句意为：对于没有去过那些小村庄的人来说描述它们的美丽是很难的。,【,答案,】,C,_ the people have become masters of their country _ science can really serve the people.,A,It is only then,；,that B,It was that,；,when,C,It is only when,；,that D,It was when,；,then,【,解析,】,考查强调句型的用法。被强调部分是一个状语从句，第二个空用,that,。句意为：只有当人民当家作主时，科学才能真正为人民服务。,【,答案,】,C,