高考英语 语法专项提升名词课件.ppt

,考点精讲领悟,高考集训启迪,预测模拟演练,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,工具,语法专项提升,栏目导引,考点精讲领悟,高考集训启迪,预测模拟演练,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,工具,语法专项提升,栏目导引,名 词,1,具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。,(1)difficulty,困难；,a difficulty,一件难事,(2)experience,经验；,an experience,一次经历,(3)failure,失败；,a failure,一位失败者，一件失败的事,(4)knowledge,知识；,a good knowledge,对,精通,/,熟知,(5)success,成功；,a success,一位成功者，一件成功的事,(6)surprise,惊奇；,a surprise,一件令人吃惊的事,(7)honour,荣誉；,an,honour,一位,(,件,),带来荣誉的人或事,Failure is the mother of success.,失败是成功之母。,The party last night was a,success.We,sang and danced until it came to an end.,昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。,Losing the game was a difficult experience for her.,对她来说，输掉比赛是一种痛苦的经历。,2,有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,Would you like some coffee,？你想喝点咖啡吗？,I would like a coffee and two beers.,我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。,物质名词,可数名词,物质名词,可数名词,drink,饮料,two drinks,两杯饮料,sugar,糖,a sugar,一块糖,coffee,咖啡,a coffee,一杯咖啡,paper,纸,a paper,一张报纸；,一篇论文,tea,茶,two teas,两杯茶,hair,头发,a hair,一根头发,1.(2010,济宁检测,)We all hold the belief that _2012 London Olympic Games will be _success.,A,/,；,a,B,the,；,/,C,the,；,a D,a,；,a,解析：,第一空为特指，应用定冠词,the,；第二空,success,为抽象名词具体化，,“,一个成功的人或事,”,，应用不定冠词,a,，类似的词还有,failure,，,pleasure,等。,答案：,C,2,(2010,福建卷,),Its_good,feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives,them_pleasure,.,A,/,；,a B,a,；,/,C,the,；,a D,a,；,the,解析：,句意为：上海世博会给人们带来了欢乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词，如,knowledge,，,command,，,feeling,等，前面有,“,a/an,形容词,”,修饰时，表示一件具体的事情或一个,的人。,pleasure,意为,“,愉快，快乐,”,，为不可数名词，故不加冠词。,答案：,B,1,accident,，,incident,，,affair,，,event,(1)accident,“,意外事件，偶发事件,”,，一般指,(,不幸的,),事故，如车祸、天灾之类。,(2)incident,多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。,(3)affair,“,事物，要事,”,，头绪繁多的事；恋爱事件。,(4)event,“,大事,”,，也可指比赛项目。,One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.,七分之一的交通事故是司机困倦造成的。,Three people were arrested in connection with the,rockthrowing,incident.3,个人因与扔石头事件有关而被捕。,The Prime Minister is busy with affairs of state.,首相忙于政务。,A daughters marriage is quite an event for a father.,女儿的婚姻对父亲而言确实是件大事。,2,quantity,，,personality,，,quality,，,character,(1)quantity,表示,“,数量,”,。,(2)quality,既可以表示事物的,“,品质,”,，还可以表示人的,“,品德，素质,”,。,(3)character,泛指性格，无所谓好坏，还可以表示,“,角色，文字，字母,”,。,(4)personality,意为,“,个性,”,。,Its often less expensive to buy goods in quantity,，,but youd better exam the quality before buying them.,大量购物便宜，但是在购买之前你最好检测质量。,(2009,湖北卷,)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for,health.It,may also be good for character.,独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。,3,condition,，,situation,，,state,，,position,(1)condition,意为,“,条件，情况，状况,”,，其单数形式指人或物所处的状况，这时与,state,意义相近，常可互换，但,condition,还常指由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。复数形式多指一般、笼统的情况。,(2)situation,指某一时间由各种情况造成的,“,处境,”“,形势,”,。,(3)state,指人或事物所处的状态或状况，常和,condition,换用，此外，,state,还常表示思想、感情、心理等状态。,(4)position,指人或事物所处的位置，地位。,(2009,陕西卷,)From their position on the top of the TV Tower,，,visitors can have a better view of the city.,从他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。,School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.,学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。,Ive had no exercise for ages,，,and Im really out of condition.,我好久不运动，身体欠佳。,They were silent for a long time,，,in a state of painful hesitation and doubt.,他们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑状态中，长时间相对无言。,4,power,，,strength,，,force,，,energy,(1)power,主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。,(2)strength,指固有的潜力。说人时，指,“,力气,”,；说物时，指,“,强度,”,。,(3)force,主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。,(4)energy,主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。,Its not within my power to help you.,我是爱莫能助啊。,A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.,洗衣机省时又省力。,The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.,联合国尽力禁止使用暴力。,Youll need to apply all your energy to this job.,你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。,1.(2010,浙江卷,)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct_.,A,solution B,target,C,measure D,function,解析：,句意为：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。本题考查名词辨析。,solution,解决问题的办法；,target,目标，靶子；,measure,措施；,function,功能，作用。根据句意选,A,。,答案：,A,2,(2010,江西卷,)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving,licence,reached 200,000,，,a(n)_of,40,000 per year.,A,average B,number,C,amount D,quantity,解析：,句意为：去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到,20,万，平均每年,4,万。本题考查名词辨析。,average,平均，平均数；,a number of,许多，大量，修饰可数名词；,an amount of,许多，大量，与不可数名词连用；,a quantity of,许多，大量的，修饰可数和不可数名词。根据句意，选,A,。,答案：,A,3,(2011,黑龙江检测,)If youre looking for a _,，,you can make it when it is on sale.,A,price B,bargain,C,cost D,bill,解析：,考查名词词义辨析。,on sale,表示,“,廉价出售,”,，因此应用,bargain(,特价商品,),与之呼应。句意为：如果你在寻找特价商品，减价出售时你就可以买到。,答案：,B,4,(2010,烟台二模,)An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_.,A,signs B,symptoms,C,signals D,appearances,解析：,考查名词辨析。,sign,意思是,“,标记，迹象，记号,”,；,symptom,意思是,“,症状,”,；,signal,意思是,“,信号,”,；,appearance,意思是,“,外观，外表,”,。显然只有,B,项符合题意，即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。,答案：,B,1,(2010,山东卷,)Those who suffer from headache will find they,get_from,this medicine.,A,relief B,safety,C,defense D,shelter,解析：,句意为：患头痛的人将会发现通过使用这种药，他们的头痛会得到缓解。考查名词辨析。,relief,轻松，缓和；,safety,安全；,defense,防御，保护；,shelter,居所，庇护。,答案：,A,2,(2010,天津卷,)James took the magazines off the little table to,make_for,the television.,A,room B,area,C,field D,position,解析：,句意为：,James,从小桌上拿走了,(,堆放的,),杂志给电视机腾地方。本题考查了名词在动词短语中的用法。固定短语,make room for,sb.,/sth,.,为某人,/,某物腾地方。其余选项无此用法。,答案：,A,3,(2010,江苏卷,)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,，,so he has a very good_.,A,expectation B,reputation,C,contribution D,civilization,解析：,句意为：这名医生对心脏病的治疗技术高超，并且从不接受病人送的任何礼品，因此，他名声很好。本题考查名词。,expectation,期待，预料；,reputation,名誉，名声，声望；,contribution,贡献；,civilization,文明。,答案：,B,4,(2010,安徽卷,)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl,，,and she has changed beyond_.,A,hearing B strength,C,recognition D,measure,解析：,句意为：自从,Sara,还是孩子的时候，我就一直没见过她。她现在已经变得,(,让人,),认不出来了。,beyond recognitionimpossible to recognize,无法辨认。,答案：,C,5,(2010,湖北卷,)This restaurant has become popular for its,wide_of,foods that suit all tastes and pockets.,A,division B,area,C,range D,circle,解析：,句意为：这家餐馆很受欢迎，因为它提供各种食物，能满足各种口味和各种消费层次。本题考查名词辨析。四个名词选项的主要含义：,division,区分，分开，除法，部门；,area,区域，面积，范围；,range,：,a number of people or things that are all different,，,but are all of the same general type,一系列，,(,变动或浮动的,),范围，界限；,circle,圆周，循环，社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次，由此判断选,C,。,答案：,C,6,(2010,湖北卷,)After the earthquake,，,the first thing the local government did was to,provide_for,the homeless families.,A,accommodation B,occupation,C,equipment D,furniture,解析：,句意为：地震发生之后，当地政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。本题考查名词辨析。四个名词选项的主要含义：,accommodation,住处，停留处，膳宿；,occupation,职业，占有期间，占有；,equipment,设备，器材，装备，配备；,furniture,家具。从语境的,“,地震之后,”“,失去家园的家庭,”,判断，本题选,A,表示提供,“,住宿,”,。,答案：,A,7,(2009,湖北卷,)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for,health.It,may also be good for_ building.,A,respect B,friendship,C,reputation D,character,解析：,句意为：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。,respect,尊重，爱戴；,friendship,友谊；,reputation,名誉，荣誉，声望；,character,性格，品格，品质，特点，特性。又如：,The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.,在地震发生后，小男孩重返学校表现出了他优秀的品质。,答案：,D,8,(2009,湖北卷,)In our class,，,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,，,it was,a_for,everyone to stand up.,A,signal B,chance,C,mark D,measure,解析：,句意为：在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们要起立的信号。,signal,信号，导火线；,chance,机会，运气；,mark,分数，标志；,measure,措施，办法，尺寸。又如：,This is signal that you are breaking down.,这是你身体逐渐变垮的信号。,The signal that the war broke out between two countries is oil.,两个国家爆发战争的导火线是石油。,答案：,A,9,(2009,安徽卷,)China has got a,good_for,fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.,A,reputation B,influence,C,impression D,knowledge,解析：,句意为：在抗击流感方面，中国以细致和流畅的组织而获得良好的声誉。,reputation,声誉；,influence,影响；,impression,印象；,knowledge,知识。,答案：,A,10,(2009,山东卷,)He says that my new car is,a_of,money.,Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?,A,lack B,load,C,question D,waste,解析：,句意为：,他说我新买的小汽车浪费钱。,难道你不认为这是吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸吗？,lack,缺乏；,load,负荷；,question,问题；,waste,浪费。,答案：,D,练规范、练技能、练速度,