高考英语 Unit3知识与要点课件 新人教版选修8 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,1.Inventions(,发明,),2.Patent applications(,专利申请,),3.Great inventors(,伟大的发明家,),功能,Making telephone calls(,打电话,),语法,Revise the Past Participle as the Attributive,，,Predicative and Object Complement(,复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语,),重点,单词,distinguish,，,merciful,，,product,，,cube,，,cubic,，,seize,，,innocent,，,abrupt,，,abruptly,，,convenient,，,freezing,，,passive,，,bear,，,urgent,，,competence,，,file,，,mess,，,tap,，,caution,，,associate,，,stable,，,practical,重点,短语,call up,，,now and then,，,dive into,，,set out to do sth.,，,get through,，,set about doing sth.,，,out of order,，,ring back,，,ring off,重点,句型,1.The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.,2,Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.,3,The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.,1,distinguish vt.&vi.,显示,的差别；使,有所不同；辨别,归纳拓展,(1)distinguish between.and.,区分,和,distinguish.from.,区别,与,；使,有别于,；使,具有区别于,的特征,distinguish.by.,以,为特征而辨别出来,distinguish oneself(as.),使自己与众不同；使著名,(2)distinguished,adj,.,杰出的，著名的,be distinguished for.,因,而出名,distinguishing,adj,.,不同的；特殊的,distinguishable,adj,.,可分辨的；能区分的,(3)distinguish,常用于否定句且与,can,或,could,连用，,tell,也可表,“,辨认，辨别,”,，常与,can,或,could,连用，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。,We should distinguish between major and minor work and not put the trivial above the important.,我们的工作要分清主次，不能轻重倒置。,What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?,是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？,Hes distinguished himself as a teacher.,作为老师，他早已负有盛名。,I cant tell the difference between the usages of,“,above all,”,and,“,first of all,”,我弄不清,“,above all,”,和,“,first of all,”,用法的不同。,【,链接训练,】,It is important to _ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.,A,determine,B,identify,C,explore,D,distinguish,【,解析,】,distinguish,意为,“,区别，区分,”,，常与,from,，,between,搭配使用。句意为：将语法规则与书面语常规区分开来是很重要的。,【,答案,】,D,2,bear vt.(bore,，,borne),忍受；忍耐；负担；生育,归纳拓展,(1),在否定句和疑问句中通常与,can/could,连用，表示,“,承受,”,的含义。常见近义词有：,endure,，,tolerate,，,stand,等。,cant,/couldnt bear,n,./,v,.,ing/to do,(2)bear with sb./sth.,忍耐，忍受,bear doing,/,n,./,to do,忍受,bear sb./sbs doing,忍受某人做某事,bear sb./sth.out,证实；为,作证,bear sth.in mind,牢记,bear the blame,受责备,bear the responsibility,承担责任,bear the weight,支撑；承受,(,重量,),归纳拓展,(3)bear,的过去分词有两种形式，当表示,“,出生,”,和表示,“,天生的、生来就,”,时要用,born,；当表示,“,忍耐、承担,”,或,“,(,妇女,),生育,”,时用,borne,。,born,仅用于被动语态。,He cant bear being laughed at/to be laughed at.,他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。,Do parents have to bear the whole cost of tuition fees?,父母是否应当负担全部学费？,She has borne three children,，,all of whom were born of deaf.,她生了三个孩子，三个都天生耳聋。,You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.,你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。,【,链接训练,】,I cant bear _ with his mouth full.,A,his talking,B,him talk,C,to talk,D,having talked,【,解析,】,cant bear sbs doing sth.,意为,“,不能忍受某人做某事,”,。句意为：我不能忍受他嘴里塞满东西讲话。,【,答案,】,A,I cant bear_,，,so I hope you can come on time.,A,to keep waiting,B,to keep to wait,C,being kept waiting,D,being kept to wait,【,解析,】,考查,bear,的用法。,bear doing sth.,“,忍受做某事,”,。根据语境可知此处,v,.ing,形式应用被动语态。故答案为,C,项。,【,答案,】,C,3,associate vt.,联想，联系,n,同伴，伙伴,归纳拓展,(1)associate.with.,把,和,联系起来；由,联想到,be associated with.,和,相关,associate with sb.,和某人交往,/,合伙,/,结交,/,打交道,associate oneself with sth.,声称或表示自己赞同某事物,(2)association,n,联合；联想；交往；协会；团体,in association with.,与,合伙,/,合作,Ive never associated you with this place.,我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。,I wouldnt want to be associated with Mikes project.,我不想和麦克的计划有任何瓜葛。,I dont like these people youre associating with.,我不喜欢你结交的这些人。,The book was published in association with British Heritage.,这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。,【,链接训练,】,I always_the smell of baking with my childhood.,A,combine,B,connect,C,join,D,associate,【,解析,】,考查动词词义辨析。,combine,“,使结合，使联合,”,，常与,and,连用；,connect,常与,with,连用，,“,将,和,联结起来,”,；,join,“,加入,”,；,associate,常与,with,连用，意为,“,由,联想到,”,。句意为：我经常由面包店的味道联想到童年。,【,答案,】,D,He wished to forget everything _ with his former life and start a new life.,A,joined B,associated,C,buried D,carried,【,解析,】,句意为：他希望忘记和以前生活相关的一切事情，开始新的生活。此处,associated with,“,与,有联系的,”,，为过去分词短语作定语修饰,everything,。,【,答案,】,B,1,call up,给,打电话；使,回忆起,(,某事,),注意：,call up,后的宾语如果是代词，此代词应放在,call,和,up,之间；如果是具体的人或物，放在,call up,中间或之后都可以。,call up,作,“,打电话,”,讲时，可用,ring up,代替。,归纳拓展,(1)call at(some place),拜访,(,某地,),call back,回电话，再打电话,call on(sb.),拜访、探望,(,某人,),；号召,call on sb.to do sth.,号召,(,请,),某人做某事,call off,取消，停止,call for,需求；需要；去接,(,某人,),；邀约；为争取,而呼喊,call in,叫,进来；找来；顺路,(,到某处,),call out,大声喊叫；召集,(2),“,拜访某人,”,可用如下说法：,call on sb.,；,drop in on/upon sb.,；,pay a visit to sb.,；,go on a visit to sb.,；,visit sb.,。,You can call me up any time.,你随时可以给我打电话。,The sound of the piano called up good memories of his youth.,钢琴声勾起了他年轻时的美好回忆。,Why dont you call on my sister when youre in Brighton?,你到了布赖顿何不顺便探望一下我的姐姐？,【,链接训练,】,The picture of the park _ memories of our classs trip last year,，,when Mr.Smith began to take charge of our class.,A,came up,B,reminded,C,turned up,D,called up,【,解析,】,call up,在此表示,“,唤起对,的回忆,”,；,remind,的用法是,remind sb.to do sth.,或,remind sb.of sth.,，所以选择,D,。,【,答案,】,D,What time would you like me to _ this evening for the concert?,I think 6,：,30 will be OK.,A,pick up you B,call you for,C,call on you D,call for you,【,解析,】,由句意可知，应为,“,去接某人,”,之意，故选,D,。,A,项应为,pick you up;call on,为,“,号召；拜访,”,之意。,【,答案,】,D,2,set about(doing sth.),开始,，着手干某事,归纳拓展,set out,出发，启程；企图，打算,set out for,set off for,leave for,出发到某地去,set out to do sth.,开始做某事,set off,出发，动身；引起；使爆炸,set aside,留出，拨出；对,不予考虑,set down,停下,；让,下车；记下，写下；规定,set up,设置；建立；开办,be set in,以,为背景,She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.,她一到办公室就着手回信。,She set about the business of cleaning the house.,她动手打扫起房子来。,He set out to break the record for the channel swim.,他决心打破游过海峡的记录。,Setting aside the question of cost,，,what do you think of the idea in principle?,把成本问题置于一旁，你认为这个想法总体上如何？,诱导展望,set about,中,about,为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。而,set out,表示着手去做，则用,set out to do sth.,的形式。,【,链接训练,】,Having decided to rent a flat,，,we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.,A,set about,B,set down,C,set out D,set up,【,解析,】,句意为：在决定租房后，我们立即着手联系城市里所有房屋中介所。,set out,意为,“,着手去做,”,时后须跟不定式；,set down,意为,“,写下，记下,”,；,set up,意为,“,建立，设置,”,，均不合句意。,【,答案,】,A,用适当的介词或副词填空,She tries to set_some money every month.,On receiving the assignment,we set_to work at once.,These scientists are trying to set _a long,term study of up to 10,000 elderly persons.,【,答案,】,aside,out,up,3,get through,结束,(,工作,),，完成,(,任务,),finish,；通过,(,考试,),；,(,设法,),做完，度过，用完；接通电话,归纳拓展,get across,被理解；使人理解,get over,越过，克服,(,困难,),；从,(,疾病中,),恢复过来,get through with,结束，完成,get on/along with.,进展；与,相处,get down to(doing)sth.,开始认真做某事,get off,下车，脱下，起飞,get in,收获,We wish to get through the thing quickly.,我们希望赶快把这件事做完。,They have all got through the examination.,他们全部通过了考试。,We got through a fortune while we were in New York.,我们在纽约时花掉了一大笔钱。,【,链接训练,】,The line must be out of order,，,for I couldnt _.,A,get away,B,get in,C,get across,D,get through,【,解析,】,由上文判断，应为,“,接通,”,之意。,get away,意为,“,脱身，离开,”,；,get in,意为,“,火车进站；收割；收集,”,；,get across,意为,“,传达，把,讲清楚,”,。,【,答案,】,D,4,ring back,回复电话；,ring off,挂断电话,(,不及物动词短语,),Id better ring off now because the baby is crying.,我得挂断电话了，宝宝在哭呢。,Can you ask him to ring me back when he gets home?,他到家后你能让他给我回个电话吗？,归纳拓展,与,“,打电话,”,有关的短语、句型：,give sb.a ring,给某人打电话,answer the phone,接电话,hang on,不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等,hold on,别挂断；稍等,just a moment/hold the line,稍等,get through to sb.,接通某人,You are wanted on the phone.,你的电话。,The phone is out of order.,电话出了故障。,Who is that speaking,？谁打来的电话？,This is sb.speaking.,我是,【,链接训练,】,Jack,，,you _ on the phone.,_.,A,are wanted,；,Coming,B,are needed,；,Im coming,C,are called,；,Ill come,D,are rung up,；,Thanks,【,解析,】,考查交际用语。,“,有人打电话找你,”,应为,Youre wanted on the phone,；,Coming,表示,“,这就来,”,。,【,答案,】,A,Please _ at once if you finish what you must say on the phone.,A,ring up,B,call back,C,ring off,D,call up,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果你说完了你要说的话，请马上把电话挂了。,ring off,“,挂断电话,”,；,ring up,call up,“,打电话,”,；,call back,“,回电话,”,。,【,答案,】,C,5,The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.,第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起来了。,在本句中,before,意为,“,趁,(,还没有,),”,。,before,作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种。,归纳拓展,before,用法灵活，译法众多，主要如下：,(1),表示,“,在,之前,”,(2),表示,“,(,过了多久之后,),才,”,(3),表示,“,来不及；尚未,就,”,(4),表示,“,(,不多久,),就,”,(5),表示,“,以免,”,(6)(,宁愿,),也不愿,Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.,玛丽在她妈妈回来之前就已经完成了作业。,They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village.,他们西行了大约,30,英里才看见一个村庄。,Before I could get in a word,，,he had measured me.,我还没来得及插话，他就已经给我量好了尺寸。,I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.,我刚坐下铃就响了。,Lock your bike before it gets stolen.,锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。,Id shoot myself before I apologized to her.,我宁死也不向她道歉。,【,链接训练,】,It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.,A,will not be,；,will know B,is,；,will know,C,will not be,；,know D,is,；,know,【,解析,】,考查,It will be,一段时间,before,所构成的句型的用法。当主句为将来时，,before,从句中则要用一般现在时代替将来时。句意为：不久我们就会知道实验的结果。,【,答案,】,C,复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语,过去分词,(,表示完成和被动的动作,),具有形容词、副词的作用，在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。,一、过去分词作定语,1,单个的过去分词作定语时一般放在所修饰词语的前面；有时为了强调，也可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后；过去分词短语修饰名词时，通常置于所修饰名词之后。表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。,We need more qualified teachers.,我们需要更多合格的教师。,This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.,这是,20,世纪,80,年代建造的学校之一。,2,如果被修饰的词是不定代词,anything,，,nothing,，,everything,等或指示代词,those,等，即使单一的过去分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词之后。,There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.,自从我两年前离开这个城镇以来，这个镇几乎就没有什么变化。,3,过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词有被动关系、逻辑上的主谓关系时，表示被动或完成也可以转换成相应的定语从句。,The broken window(,The window which was broken)will be replaced soon.,破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。,注意：,有一些过去分词由不及物动词变化而来，它们只表示一个动作已经完成，不表被动的意味。,例如：,the exploded bomb,意为,“,已爆炸的炸弹,”,。,二、过去分词作表语,1,作表语的,v,.,ed,形式大多已转化为形容词，用来表示主语所处的状态。常见的这类,v,.,ed,形式有：,disappointed,，,astonished,，,excited,，,interested,，,satisfied,，,surprised,，,frightened,，,amazed,，,annoyed,，,exhausted,，,pleased,，,puzzled,，,shocked,，,worried,，,terrified,等。,He looked disappointed.,他看起来很失望。,2,除了以上表示主语情感的形容词化的过去分词作表语外，另外有一些常见的表状态的过去分词也可作表语。,Jim was lost in thought.,吉姆陷入了沉思。,三、过去分词作宾语补足语,作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以跟过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：,1,see,，,hear,，,watch,，,feel,，,think,，,find,等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。,We found her greatly changed.,我们发现她变了很多。,2,make,，,get,，,have,，,help,，,leave,等表示,“,致使,”,意义的动词。,What made them so frightened?,什么使他们这样害怕？,3,like,，,want,，,wish,，,order,等表示,“,希望，要求,”,等意义的动词。,He wont like such a question discussed at the meeting.,他不想在会上讨论这样的问题。,诱导展望,have sth.done,这种结构有三种不同的含义：,(1),表示,“,请,/,让,/,叫别人,(,为自己做某事,),”,的意思。这里的,“,别人,”,虽然没有在,have sth.done,结构中明显地说出，但确含有此意，与,get,相同。,I must have my tooth pulled.(,I must let the dentist pull my tooth.),我得把这颗牙拔了。,Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had repaired went wrong again.,布朗夫人很失望地看到她找人修理的洗衣机又坏了。,(2),表示,“,遭遇某种,(,不幸的,),事情,”,，说明宾语的一种无意识的受动行为，不说明,“,谁使,(,宾语,),遭遇某事,”,。,have,作,“,受到，遭到,”,解。意义上不等于,get,。,I had my purse stolen on the bus yesterday.,(,My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday.),昨天在公共汽车上，我的钱包被偷了。,诱导展望,(3),表示,“,完成某事,”,的意思，这些事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。,He told me he had his house repaired.,(,He told me his house was repaired.),他告诉我，他的房子修好了。,(,他也许参与了,),I must have my homework finished before I go out to play.,出去玩之前我必须先把作业做完。,【,链接训练,】,Mary felt herself _ to take action.,A,forced,B,being forced,C,forcing,D,force,【,解析,】,force,与,herself,之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。,【,答案,】,A,On those questions _ at yesterdays meeting,，,all the teachers made their views _ clearly.,A,discussing,；,know,B,discussed,；,know,C,discussing,；,knowing,D,discussed,；,known,【,解析,】,考查过去分词作定语和宾语补足语。第一个空为过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成意义。第二个空为过去分词作宾语补足语，,make,sth.,/sb.,过去分词，表示,“,使某人,/,某事被,”,，,make their views known clearly,意为,“,使他们的观点被别人清晰地了解,”,。,【,答案,】,D,The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.,A,abolished,B,abandoned,C,deserted,D,rejected,【,解析,】,考查词义辨析。此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语，由句意可知此处要表达,“,被遗弃,”,之意，故用,abandoned,。,【,答案,】,B,The cigarette end _ by a careless woodcutter _ the big forest fire.,A,being thrown away,；,resulted from,B,thrown away,；,resulted in,C,thrown away,；,brought off,D,having been thrown,；,brought up,【,解析,】,空一考查过去分词短语作定语，,the cigarette,与,throw away,之间是被动关系；空二考查短语,result in,“,导致,(,某种结果,),”,。句意为：那个大意的砍伐工扔掉的烟头导致了一场森林大火。,result form,“,起因于,”,(,后跟原因,),；,bring up,“,抚养，养育,”,；,bring off,“,完成，做完,(,艰难的工作,),”,。,【,答案,】,B,