前景实用英语unit 3 knowledge and skills.ppt

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,综合教程,2,Unit 3 Knowledge and Skills,前景实用英语,Unit 3Knowledge and Skills,Part C,Part B,Part A,Lead in,Text,Exercises,Phonetics,Grammar,Functions and Notions,Unit 3Knowledge and Skills,Lead in,Text,Exercises,Writing,Workshop,Task 2,Task 1,Task 3,Part ALead in,Task 1,Study the pictures and discuss the questions below in small groups.Use the words given below if necessary.,What are the people in the first picture doing?,How do you understand the words in the second picture?Do you know the Chinese for it?,What is“stage fright”?,Cues:basketball,training,trainer,trainee,Cues:the more.the better.,practice,learn,well,Cues:fear,anxiety,public,audience,sweaty hands,Part A Lead in,1.What are the people in the first picture doing?,2.How do you understand the words in the second picture?Do you know the Chinese for it?,3.What is“stage fright”?,Task 1,Study the pictures and discuss the questions below in small groups.Use the words given below if necessary.,This picture is about basketball training.The trainer,that is,the person in red,is probably teaching the trainees some skills,and the trainees are listening to him very carefully.,“Practice makes perfect”means that the more you practice,the better you will become.If you want to improve your skills,you should practice as much as possible.The Chinese meaning of it is“,业精于勤,”,or“,勤能补拙,”,or“,熟能生巧,”,.,“Stage fright”is the anxiety,or fear which may be aroused in an individual by the requirement to perform in pubic before audience.,Part A Lead in,Task 2,Listen to the following short dialogues and fill in the blanks.,Dialogue 1,M:Hey.I find you have lost some _ recently.Are you going on,a diet?,W:No,of course not.Its the yoga,I guess.,M:Ive been doing yoga for _ some time,but.you see?Almost _.,W:Why?It shouldve been _,if it was done correctly.,M:Correctly?,W:I mean,you need to do it the right way.,M:But I dont have an instructor.I do it _.,W:See?That may be the problem.Youd better take some lessons.,weight,Part A Lead in,quite,useless,effective,all by myself,Task 2,Listen to the following short dialogues and fill in the blanks.,Dialogue 2,W:Hi,Tom,the speech contest is coming in two days,right?,M:Yes,Im a little _ now.,W:Its quite common to feel that way before a contest.What you need,to do is _.,M:Yeah,I know that.But I still feel anxious at the _ of,standing before _.,W:I got it.Why not practice your speech in front of all your classmates,first?,M:Well,sounds a good idea.Maybe that will _.,W:Of course it will._ tomorrow morning in class?,M:OK.Thank you,Prof.Li.,nervous,Part A Lead in,practice,thought,audience,work,How about,1.How can we learn a skill?,2.Have you ever had any experience of stage fright?If yes,please share one with the class.,Cues:knowledge,practice,familiar,second nature,Cues:story telling:who,when,where,what,why,how,Part ALead in,Task 3,Discuss the following questions.,1.How can we learn a skill?,2.Have you ever had any experience of stage fright?If yes,please,share one with the class.,In order to learn a skill,I think we should first get some knowledge about it.There may be some rules or steps telling you how to use that skill,but only knowing them is not enough;we should practice the skill and,more importantly,do it again and again until it becomes very familiar to us,like second nature.,Part ALead in,Task 3,Discuss the following questions.,I still remember the first time I attended the English Speech Contest in the first college year.With so many teachers and fellow students sitting before me,I felt so nervous that I forgot what I was going to say.The whole audience gave me a loud applause to cheer for me,and after almost 30 seconds,I went on with my speech.Except for that pause,I did it very well and won the second prize.,Part AText,Learning Knowledge and Skill:Practice,Knowledge can be studied,but skills you desire to learn or improve must be practiced.You have to practice to do skills in order to learn them.Skills you can learn include:how to speak in public,how to build a house or fix a,leaky,faucet,how to make a web page,how to ask out someone on a date,and how to cook a meal.You can learn such skills or others in a class or group,or from a description printed in a book or web page but they wont help you and you wont learn them unless you practice them.,Part AText,The old saying,“practice makes perfect”is only,partially,correct.It is very much true that the more you practice something,the easier it will become.However,there is not necessarily a relationship between how often you practice and how well you,execute,a,given,skill.It is entirely possible for you to learn a skill incorrectly,or to introduce bad habits and poor form into a skill you spend a lot of time practicing.Bad habits or poor form may,endanger,you at a later time.,Part AText,For this reason,it is a good idea to get an experienced person who has mastered the skills you are,pursuing,to periodically view your practice and give you,corrective,feedback so that you stay on the right path while learning.If you dont have access to an expert,you can become your own expert by videotaping or recording your performance and then critiquing it during playback.Practice only makes perfect to the extent that you practice correctly!,Part AText,It is one thing to practice by yourself or with a small group;it is another entirely to perform a skill in public situations.,It is quite common to feel some anxiety or“stage fright”the first couple of times you perform a skill in real life situations.Anxiety can be,distracting,and it can keep you from smoothly executing the skill youve learned.,Part AText,You can,loosen,the effect of anxiety on your performance(and,lessen,your anxiety at the same time),by practicing your particular skill over and over and over again in a process called,overlearning,.When you,overlearn,you deeply,ingrain,action routines and habits into your brain.,Once,overlearning,has,occurred,it doesnt matter that your mind becomes,clouded,with anxiety and you get distracted,because your performance no longer requires you to think clearly.,Part AText,For best results,you should practice in as close to real-life conditions as you can,.For example,if you are practicing a stage performance,you should practice on the actual stage you will perform on if at all possible.If you are practicing faucet repair,you should practice,taking apart,an actual faucet again and again until it becomes,second nature,.If it is not possible to practice in a,realistic,setting,you will still,benefit from,practicing.Simply practice in as close to a,realistic,situation as you can,and use your imagination to fill in the gaps.,(507 words),通过练习学习知识和技能,知识是可以学习到的，但你若想学会或者提高一种技能，就必须要实践，必须要付诸行动。可以学习的技能包括：如何在公众场合发言，如何建造房子或修理漏水龙头，如何制作网页，如何约某人，如何做饭。这些技能可以在课堂上或团队里学到，也可以从书本上或网上学到，但如果你不付诸实践的话，这些技能对你也没什么帮助，而且你也学不会。,Part AText,Translation,“,业精于勤,”,这个成语只是部分正确。的确，你练习得越多，事情就会变得越容易。然而，练习的频率与是否能很好地应用此技能没有必然的联系。也许你学习技能的方法不正确，也许你花了很多时间去练习，但却养成了不良习惯，或者练习时姿势错误，这都是完全有可能的。不良习惯或姿势错误都可能给你埋下隐患。,Part AText,Translation,因此，你可以请一位有经验的、已经掌握了你正在学习的技能的人来定期检验你的练习，然后给你提出反馈意见以纠正错误，保证你的练习不出错。如果你找不到专家，那就自己当自己的专家吧：将你的表现录下来，然后回放，挑挑毛病。只有当你的练习不出错时，业才能精于勤。,Part AText,Translation,一个人练习或在小组中练习是一回事，而在公共场合运用自己的技能又完全是另一回事。头几次在真实场合运用技能感到紧张或,“,怯场,”,是很正常的。紧张不安会让你分心，使你不能顺利展示自己所学的技能。,Part AText,Translation,你可以通过反复操练一个技能来减轻紧张对实际表现的影响（同时也能缓和紧张情绪），这个过程叫做超量学习。超量学习时，你会将那些操作程序和习惯牢牢地记在脑海里。一旦你进行过超量学习，即使你心里因为极度紧张而分心了也没关系，因为在操作时都不需要你去仔细想了。,Part AText,Translation,为了达到最佳效果，练习应该尽量在真实的场合中进行。例如，如果你要练习舞台表演，可能的话就去你要真正表演的舞台上演练。如果你要练习修理水龙头，你也该练习将一个真正的水龙头反复拆开再装好，直到你驾轻就熟。即使不可能在真实场景下练习，练习也是有用的。你只要在尽可能逼真的场合练习，然后运用你的想像力去弥补不足就可以了。,Part AText,Translation,a.having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape,e.g.Water came from the,leaky,roof.,水从屋顶漏下来。,The plumber went down to the cellar to fix the,leaky,pipe.,管道工到地下室去修漏水的管子。,Part A Text,Language Points,leaky,partially,ad.partly;not completely,e.g.The road was,partially,blocked by a fallen tree.,道路被一棵倒下的树堵塞了一部分。,He was only,partially,to blame for the accident.,他对事故只应负部分责任。,Part A Text,Language Points,v.,to carry out,perform(what one is asked or told to do),e.g.The nurse,executed,the doctors orders.,护士执行医生的指令。,Congress makes the laws;the President,executes,them.,国会制定法律，总统执行法律。,execute,Part A Text,Language Points,a.specified or stated,e.g.The work must be done within the,given,time.,这个工作必须在规定的时间内完成。,They were to meet at a,given,time and place.,他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。,given,Part A Text,Language Points,v.to cause danger to(sb./,sth,.);to put in danger,e.g.Smoking,endangers,your health.,吸烟危害健康。,The giant panda is an,endangered,species.,大熊猫是濒临灭绝的动物。,endanger,Part A Text,Language Points,v.to do,sth,.or try to achieve,sth,.over a period of time,e.g.He began to,pursue,an easy and comfortable life.,他开始追求安逸舒适的生活。,The police are,pursuing,an escaped prisoner.,警方正在追捕一名越狱的逃犯。,pursue,Part A Text,Language Points,corrective,a.,having the effect of correcting sth.,e.g.It is possible to do,corrective,surgery on the eyes to,take care of,the problem.,通过做眼睛矫正手术解决这个问题是可行的。,You do not perform,corrective,action at this time.,你这次不能执行校正操作。,Part A Text,Language Points,It is one thing to practice by yourself or with a small group;it is another entirely to perform a skill in public situations.,Practicing by yourself or with a small group is entirely different from performing a skill in public.,Part A Text,Language Points,distract,v.,to stop sb.concentrating on sth.,e.g.Children are so easily,distracted,.,儿童的注意力很容易分散。,The film managed to,distract,me from these problems,for a while.,这部影片暂时分散了我对这些问题的注意。,Part A Text,Language Points,loosen,v.to become or make loose or looser,e.g.I,loosened,my tie,but I didnt take it off.,我松开了领带，但是没有把它解下来。,They want to,loosen,their ties with Britain.,他们想要削弱同英国的关系。,Part A Text,Language Points,lessen,v.,to become less,e.g.,The pain was already,lessening,.,疼痛已经在减轻。,You have to take some measures to,lessen,the risk.,你必须采取措施以降低风险。,Part A Text,Language Points,ingrain,v.(habits,tendencies,ideas,etc.)deeply fix,e.g.The prejudice is deeply,ingrained,in his mind.,这种偏见在他脑海中根深蒂固。,It is very difficult to remove the,ingrained,dirt from your fingernails.,很难清除你指甲缝里沉积的污垢。,Part A Text,Language Points,Once,overlearning,has occurred,If you have,overlearned,you can still perform your skill well even if you meet with stage fright,because the skill has become your habit.,Part A Text,Language Points,occur,v.to come into being as an event or a process;to happen,e.g.That plane crash,occurred,only minutes after take-off.,飞机在起飞几分钟后坠毁。,Didnt it,occur,to you that he was lying?,你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？,Part A Text,Language Points,cloud,v.(cause,sth,.to)become dull,unclear,e.g.Her eyes,clouded,with tears.,她泪眼模糊。,Old age has,clouded,his judgment.,他年事已高,判断力减弱了。,Part A Text,Language Points,For best results,you should practice in as close to real-life conditions as you can.,For best results,you should practice in an environment that is most close to real-life conditions.,Part A Text,Language Points,take apart,to separate(esp.a machine)into its component parts,e.g.Lets,take,the radio,apart,and see whats wrong with it.,咱们把收音机拆开看看出了什么问题吧。,Boys like to,take apart,toys to satisfy their curiosity.,为了满足好奇心，男孩子都喜欢拆玩具。,Part A Text,Language Points,second nature,habit,e.g.As soon as he enters the office and sits at his desk,he will turn on the computer.It has become his,second nature,.,他一进办公室坐在自己的座位上，就会打开电脑。这已经成 了一种习惯。,Part A Text,Language Points,realistic,a.representing things as they are in real life,e.g.We try to make these training courses as,realistic,as possible.,我们尽量使这些培训课程贴近实际。,Stop daydreaming and be,realistic,.,别做白日梦了，还是实际点吧。,Part A Text,Language Points,benefit from,to receive benefit or gain,e.g.Who is likely to,benefit,most,from,the new tax laws?,什么人可能从新税法中得到最大的好处,?,He hasnt,benefited from,his experience.,他虽有经验却无长进。,Part A Text,Language Points,Task,2,Task 3,Task 4,Task 5,Task 6,Task 7,Task 1,Part AExercises,Part AExercises,Task 1,Read the text again and check whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).,1.You wont learn a skill if you dont practice it.(),2.The more you practice,the better youll execute a skill.(),3.Its good to have an expert to view your practice and give you,corrective feedback.(),4.Once you have,overlearned,you wont get anxious or distracted.(),5.If you dont practice in as close to a realistic situation as you can,you,wont benefit from practice.(),Task 2,Identify the key words or main ideas of the following paragraphs,Paragraph 1:,the _ to learn or improve skills,Paragraph 2:,the _ between practicing and skill learning,Paragraph 3:,to perform a skill smoothly in public situations by _,Paragraph 4:,to practice in as close to a _ situation as you can,Part AExercises,way,relationship,overlearning,realistic,Task 3,Fill in the puzzle spaces with the words from Text A according to the explanations given below.,Across,1.to become less,4.response to an inquiry or experiment,7.having the effect of correcting something,9.taking place in reality;not pretended or imitated,10.to cause danger to(somebody/something);put in danger,Down,2.carry out the legal rights,3.having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape,5.draw someones attention away from something,6.a relatively wide magnetic tape for use in recording visual images and associated sound,8.an open or empty space in or between things,1.lessen 2.execute,3.leaky 4.feedback,5.distract 6.videotape,7.corrective 8.gap,9.actual 10.endanger,Part AExercises,1.The plumber went down to the cellar to fix the _ pipe.,2.There is a _ between his two front teeth.,3.You will _ your health if you smoke.,4.Her boss is giving her _ on her work.,5.The _ price was lower than what I had thought.,leaky,gap,endanger,feedback,actual,Part AExercises,Task 4,Complete the following sentences with the words from Task 3.Change the word forms if necessary.,6.This medicine can _ the pain in no time.,7.The noise out of the window made me _ from my reading.,8.Film can also be copied onto _.,9.He asked his brother to _ his will.,10.After many years of _ effort,the problem was finally solved.,lessen,distract,videotape,execute,corrective,Part AExercises,Task 4,Complete the following sentences with the words from Task 3.Change the word forms if necessary.,Task 5,Complete the sentences using derivatives of the words in the box.Change the word forms if necessary.,1.The referee(,裁判,)was accused of being _ towards the,host team.,2.The plans were finally put into _ after long argument.,3.The _ species(,物种,)is protected by law in many,countries.,4.Please _ my pronunciation if I go wrong.,5.He found the noise of the photographers a _.,partial,execution,endangered,correct,distraction,Part AExercises,1.She will keep on singing if she is not told to stop.,2.I will go to Beijing only if the company pays for the trip.,3.You will not get anywhere if you havent set your goal.,She will keep on singing,unless she is told to stop.,I will not go to Beijing,unless the compa