非谓语动词.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,Non-,predicate,Verbs,高考语法复习系列,第1页,第1页,一 什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区分？,二 非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些详细不同形式？,三 不同非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示,动作先后关系是什么？,四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成份？,要点知识,检查,及重难点强调,与提醒,第2页,第2页,一、,什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？,非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而含有其它语法功效动词。,第3页,第3页,At last,we found ourselves in a pleasant,park with trees providing shade and _,down to eat our picnic lunch.(上海）,A.sitting B.having sat,C.to sit D.sat,D,Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.,A.are bought B.bought,C.have been bought D.buying,B,第4页,第4页,非谓语,不定式（,to do),过去分词,(-ed),-ing,分词,-ed,分词,二 非谓语动词有哪些？,第5页,第5页,非谓语动词有哪些不同形式？,非谓语动词,普通式,完毕式,普通式,完毕式,动词不定式,过去分词,to be done,to have been done,being done,having been done,及物动词过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完毕,个别动词过去分词只表示完毕(多数为不及物动词),积极形式,被动形式,to do,to have done,doing,having done,不定式除普通式、完毕式以外尚有_,进行式,done,-ing 分词,第6页,第6页,三,非谓语动词所表示动作与谓语动词表示动作先后关系是什么？,弄清非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示动作,之间先后关系是解题关键所在,非谓语表示动作,非谓语动词形式,在谓语表示动作之后,与谓语表示动作同时发生,在谓语表示动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done,;,done;to have done/to have been done,;,having done/having been done,第7页,第7页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成份？,第8页,第8页,不定式和ing分词均能作主语，两者有何区别？,1.表示某一详细动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象普通行为倾向，多用动名词。,2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。,1),Smoking,is prohibited(严禁)here.,2)It is not very good for you,to smoke,so much.,(抽象),(详细),Seeing,is,believing.,To see,is,to believe.,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式,上一致。,第9页,第9页,1).Its necessary to be prepared for a job,interview._the answers ready,will be of great help.,A.To have B.Having had,C.Have D.Having,2).In fact _ is a hard job for the police,to keep order in an important match.,A.this B.that C.there D.it,D,D,第10页,第10页,下列句型中惯用动名词作主语:,It is/was,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,第11页,第11页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,第12页,第12页,不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,3.有些动词后既能够跟不定式又能够跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别,4.有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别,1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,第13页,第13页,1.,有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：,manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse,等。,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如,：,practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,refer to,give up,lead to,take to,set about,get down to,object to,succeed in,have difficulty in.,第14页,第14页,1)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same,office.She just refuses _ talking while,she works.,A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping,C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop,2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.,A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,C,B,第15页,第15页,3.有些动词如,begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer,后既能够跟不定式又能够跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别,(但,ing分词,普通表示经常性行为；不定式表示详细行为)。,I like _ very much,but I dont,like _ this afternoon.,A.swimming,swimming,B.to swim,to swim,C.swimming,to swim,D.to swim,swimming,C,第16页,第16页,Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,假如,like,love,prefer,前有,would/,should,后面则应当接动词不定式。,A,A,would like 尚有哪些使用办法？,第17页,第17页,思考：下列情况中动词后,接不定式还是接ing 分词作宾语呢？,Only then did I begin _(see)she was really good to me.,The moment he returned home,I was starting/beginning _(cook)supper.,The water began _(freeze).,第18页,第18页,4.有些动词后既能够跟不定式，又能够跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。,讨论：有哪些单词或短语？,go on(stop/remember/regret)to do/doing,cant help to do/doing,be used to do/doing,(get used to doing),(used to do),第19页,第19页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,第20页,第20页,Children should be allowed _ their own decisions.,A.making B.to make,C.make D.having made,B,My advisor encouraged _ a summer,course to improve my writing skills.,A.for me taking B.me taking,C.for me to take D.me to take,D,第21页,第21页,1.能接带to不定式作宾语补足语和主语补,足语动词有：,ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause,等,。,第22页,第22页,使役动词，感官动词接,不带to 不定式作宾语补足语；,和带to不定式作主语补足语。,常见使役动词有,make,let,have,等；,感官动词有,see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel,以及,look at,listen to,等。,翻译：,你宁愿让谁和你一起去？,第23页,第23页,3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表示意义不同。,I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.,I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.,I heard the English song _(sing)many times.,(4)I heard the English song _(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.,sing,singing,sung,being sung,第24页,第24页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,第25页,第25页,不定式、ing 分词和过去分词,都能够作定语，主要区别在于它们时态意义和语态意义。,不定式作定语和被修饰名词含有“动宾关,系”,即被修饰名词是不定式动作承受,者;假如不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式,动词后加上相应介词,第26页,第26页,分词作定语与动词不定式作定语区别是：,现在分词表示积极、进行之意；过去分词表,示被动与完毕；而不定式表示在谓语动词表,示动作之后即将发生动作。比如：,The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,第27页,第27页,注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：,flying fish 飞鱼,a running dog 走狗,a falling tide 落潮,a crying boy 哭着孩子,a running machine,a swimming pool,a waiting room,a walking stick,a fishing pole,a reading room,第28页,第28页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,第29页,第29页,能作状语有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样状语往往取决于它们位置和在句中意义。,第30页,第30页,Practise,1).When _(heat)water will be changed into vapour.,While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.,2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful.,_(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.,3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.,If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,第31页,第31页,分词作状语时逻辑主语问题,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子主语一致；假如不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。,1),Being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.,2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him,kindly.,3)As he was an orphan,the nurse treated him,kindly.,F,T,T,(True or false),第32页,第32页,现在分词与不定式作结果状语时区别,1).European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998),A.making B.makes C.make D.to make,2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.(广东),A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found,现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现、自,然而然或意料之中”结果。不定式作结果状语,时通常表示“偶然、出乎意料”一个结果,A,A,第33页,第33页,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,宾补,主补,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing分词,过去分词,第34页,第34页,动名词做表语是对主语内容解释解或用来表示“身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置能够互换,The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs.,Our work is serving the people,第35页,第35页,表示心理状态动词如,excite,interest,等都是及物,动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激,动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应当是“令人激动”、,“令人高兴”，过去分词则是“感到激动”和“感到高,兴”。因此，凡表示“令人”都是,-ing,形式，凡,是表示“感到”都用,-ed,形式。换句话说，若人,对感兴趣，就是,somebody is interested in.,，,若人/物本身有趣时，就是,sb./sth.is interesting。,现在分词和过去分词作表语区别,第36页,第36页,delighting令人高兴delighted感到高兴,disappointing 令人失望disappointed 感到,失望,encouraging 令人鼓舞encouraged 感到鼓,舞,pleasing 令人愉快pleased 感到愉快,puzzling 令人费解puzzled 感到费解,satisfying 令人满意satisfied 感到满意,surprising 令人惊异surprised 感到惊异,worrying 令人紧张worried 感到紧张,第37页,第37页,动名词复合结构,动名词复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾,格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。,1),LiPings/My,helping her moved her deeply.,2)I appreciate,your/you/LiPings/LiPing,coming,to see me.,3)Is there any hope of,our team,winning the,match?,4)What made me angry was,many students,failing in the exam.,(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可),(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格),(逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格),(以-s 结尾名词,只用普通格),第38页,第38页,1)I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.,A.you to call B.you call,C.your calling D.youre calling,2)_ made her mother very angry.,A.Mary marrying Jim,B.Marys married Jim,C.Marys marrying Jim,D.Marys being married Jim,C,C,第39页,第39页,3).The discovery of new evidence led to _.,A.the thief having caught,B.catch the thief,C.the thief being caught,D.the thief to be caught,4).The noise of _ could be heard out in the,street.,A.desks opening and closing,B.desks opened and closed,C.desks being opened and closed,D.desks being opened and closed,C,C,第40页,第40页,独立主格结构,练习：,造一个含有独立主格结构句子,第41页,第41页,All flights_ because of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled,2._ for a long time,most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain B.There was no rain C.To be no rain D.There being no rain,3.Everything _ into consideration,they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.,A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.taking,D,D,B,第42页,第42页,II.巩固 练习（07高考真题检测）,1.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.,Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）,A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled,2.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _ he gladly accepted it.（07安徽卷）,finishedB.finishing,C.having finishedD.was finished,3.Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!（07安徽卷）,A.to take B.taking C.not to takeD.not taking,第43页,第43页,4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（07浙江卷）,A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard,5._ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.（07浙江卷）,A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven,6.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.（07湖南卷）,moved,B.moving,C.to moveD.being moved,第44页,第44页,7.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）,lostB.losing,C.to loseD.have lost,8.Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（07山东卷）,to seatB.to be seated,C.seatingD.seated,第45页,第45页,9.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷II）A.opened and closed,B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed,D.to open and close,10.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷）,A.said B.says C.saying D.to say,11.He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.（07北京）,studied B.studying,C.to have studiedD.to be studying,第46页,第46页,12.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（07重庆卷）,finishing B.finished,C.had finished D.were finished,13.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（07全国I）,burning B.burnt,C.being burnt D.to be burnt,14.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（07江西卷）,training B.being trained,C.to have trained D.to be trained,第47页,第47页,15.Can I smoke here?,Sorry.We dont allow _ here.（07江苏卷）,A.people smoking B.people smoke,C.to smoke D.smoking,16.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（07江苏卷）,A.interested,B.interesting,C.interest D.to interest,17.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（07陕西卷）,A.need repairingB.needs to repair,C.needs repairingD.need to repair,第48页,第48页,19.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.（07天津卷）,A.to letB.,letting,C.letD.having let,20.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（07上海卷）,A.calling,B.called,C.being calledD.to call,第49页,第49页,21.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.（07上海卷）,A.to be completed,B.having been completed,C.completed,D.being completed,第50页,第50页,（08高考真题检测）,1(08全国卷I 26)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _.,A.to be breathed B.to breathe,C.breathing D.being breathed,2(08全国卷II 12)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.,A.picked up B.picks up,C.pick up D.picking up,3(08北京卷 24)_ that she was going off to sleep,I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.,A.Seeing B.To see,C.See D.Seen,第51页,第51页,4(08北京卷 31)Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.,A.to find B.find,C.to finding D.finding,5(08北京卷 32)I feel greatly honored _ into their society.,A.to welcome B.welcoming,C.to be welcomed D.welcomed,6(08北京卷 35)It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and _ _ better ones of your own.,A.introduces B.to introduce,C.introducing D.introduced,第52页,第52页,7(08上海春卷 32)As a new driver,I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again,A.parking B.to park,C.parked D.park,8(08上海春卷 34)Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced _their homes,A.leaving B.to leave,C.to be left D.being left,9(08上海春卷 38)Throughout history,the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization,A.speaking B.spoken,C.to speak D.to be spoken,第53页,第53页,10(08上海春卷39)If we have illegal immigrants _ in,many local workers will lose their jobs,A.came B.coming,C.to come D.having come,11(08上海卷30)My sister,an inexperienced rider,was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it.,A.having tried B.trying,C.to try D.tried,12(08上海卷33)If theres a lot of work _,I am happy to just keep on until it is finished.,A.to do B.to be doing,C.done D.doing,第54页,第54页,13(08上海卷35)Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure.,A.to drink B.drinking,C.to be drinking D.drunk,14(08上海卷37)Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park is a favourite with many guests.,A.locating B.being located,C.having been located D.located,15(08天津卷 04)_ their hats into the air,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.,A.To throw B.Thrown,C.Throwing D.Being thrown,第55页,第55页,16(08重庆卷 29),to reach them on the phone,we sent an email instead,A.Fail B.Failed,C.To fail D.Having failed,17(08辽宁卷 27)He was busy writing a story,only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.,A.to stop B.stopping,C.to have stopped D.having stopped,18(08辽宁卷 31)Please remain _;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.,A.seatingB.seated,C.to seatD.to be seated,19(08山东卷 35)Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.,A.working B.work,C.to workD.worked,第56页,第56页,20(08江苏卷 29)They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.,A.to talkB.to not talk,C.to talkingD.to not talking,21(08江苏卷 34)To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.,A.speak.B.speaking,C.spoken D.to speak,22(08江西卷24)I hear theyve promoted Tom,but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.,A.to promote B.having been promoted,C.having promoted D.to be promoted,第57页,第57页,23(08江西卷28)We finished the run in less than half the time _.,A.allowing B.to allow,C.allowed D.allows,24(08安徽卷30)_ in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.,A.To walk.B.Walking,C.Walked D.Having walked,25(08浙江卷10)_that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.,A.Not realized B.Not to realize,C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized,26(08浙江卷13)It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.,A.finding B.being found,C.to find D.found,第58页,第58页,27(08湖南卷26)The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.,A.being blown down B.blown down,C.blowing down D.to blow down,28(08湖南卷30)_ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.,A.Completing B.Complete,C.Completed D.To complete,29(08湖南卷34)Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _ alone,but she didn