专题一（高级词汇）.ppt

专题一怎样使用高级词汇写出好句子,高考英语书面表达评分标准鼓励考生使用高级词汇。但使用高级词汇并不等于使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。在使用时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作、多变但不离谱、复杂但不晦涩。我们可以尝试如下方法。,一、词性需多样化,在写作时，考生们用得较多的是动词。其实在表达相同意义时，变换着使用同意义的名词、形容词、介词,(,短语,),等句型结构，只要使用得体，就能产生十分明显的表达效果。例如：,1.The population of the city has,increased,sharply,.,也可表达为：,The city has,experienced,a,sharp,increase,in population.,/,The city,had,a,sharp,increase,in population./The population of the city is,on,a,sharp,increase,2.Our profits,have,decreased,by 10%.,也可表达为：,Our profits,have undergone,a slight decrease./Our profits,are on the decline,by 10%.,二、同义词多样化,在写作中我们应尽量避免重复使用同一单词或短语来表达同一意思，必要时应恰当地使用同义词,(,组,),来进行替换。因为表达方式过于单一，不免有黔驴技穷之嫌，而丰富的表达方式则可反映出我们较高的英语应用能力和较大的课外阅读量。比如，在介绍自己或某人的兴趣与爱好时，不仅可说“,I like.”,或“,Im interested in.”,还可用,enjoy/prefer/be fond of/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to/take pleasure in/have a strong desire for/show(display)an interest in/go in for/be on fire for/have a preference for/have an appetite for,等词和短语。在表达赞成或反对观点时，可使用,be for(against)/(not)agree with/(not)believe,sth,.,或,approve/disapprove of,sth,./doing,sth,.;,而,see,sth,.,可用,catch sight of,sth,.,替换；,use,sth,.,可用,make use of/make the best of,sth,.,替换。例如：,1.Before I was a college student,I considered it easy to be a college student.At that time,I was eager to be a college student.I imagined the interesting life of a college student.,也可表达为：,Before I entered college,I considered it easy to be a college student.At that time,I was eager to be one of them.I imagined the interesting life on the university campus.,2.,As a result,the plan was a failure.,也可表达为：,The plan,turned/worked/came out,to be a failure.,三、遣词贴切细致,遣词造句的贴切细致，体现了写作者对于一个单词的内在意义,(,包括其褒贬义、感情色彩等,),的体味与运用。比如“农民”，,peasant,一词有“粗俗”与“无知”的意味，带有贬义色彩，而,farmer,则不然。再如：,Dumpling is the,most,important,food for the Spring Festival,and it is an important thing for us to pay New Year calls to our,good,relatives and friends.,也可表达为：,Dumpling is the,typical,food for the Spring Festival,and it is a tradition for us to pay New Year calls to our,close,relatives and friends.,在写作中，应避免过多使用,thing,good,bad,important,wonderful,等词，因为这些词的词义非常宽泛，易造成语意模糊。试比较下列两组句子。,1.Thank you for spending the time with us.,Thank you for sharing the time with us.,2.Being warm,hearted is the most important thing for everyone.,Being warm,hearted is the most important virtue for everyone.,四、造句独辟蹊径,句意表达中，主体词汇的选择要尽可能做到超越平凡，独辟蹊径。例如：“起程回家”，我们可不说“,go home”,，而说“,set off for home”,或“,head home”,；“取得很大进步”可以说“,make great progress”,，也可以说“,make major progress”,。像这样使用他人所不常用之词，在表达上就独树一帜，稍显优势。当然，这种遣词造句的技巧只有在平时多浏览原味的英文材料，方可集腋成裘。下面试析画线部分被替换后的句意效果：,It will be,very interesting,.(a lot of fun),The book is,almost,finished.(just about),This word has,several,meanings.(a couple of),That is a,difficult,job.(challenging),He learned about everything,at last,.(eventually),I,should thank,you for taking so much trouble to help me.(am awfully grateful to),The way he,looks at,the world is very practical.(views),The noise nearly,made,me mad.(drove),五、恰当运用修辞,在写作中若能准确地运用各种英语修辞手法，就能使句意表达得更形象生动，富有韵致。例如：,1.The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.,The year 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.(,拟人,),2.Im too busy now.,Im as busy as a bee at present.(,比喻,),3.I received a lot of letters this morning.,I received a flood of letters this morning.(,夸张,),即时巩固,1.,请用适当的词或短语替换句中画线部分。,The school needs English teachers,very much,.,_,It is,very,cold today.,_,As you know,I like,swimming,best,_,There are many,trees and flowers,in our school,_,We have,a lot of,homework to do every day.,_,Key:,1.badly,bitterly,my favorite sport is,Our school is covered with,tons of,The small village,is,at the foot of the mountains.,_,I have enjoyed the delicious British food,trying as,many kinds,of local snacks as possible.,_,We were clear,that the circle dance told the bees about the location of the feeding place.,_,As we all know,he,likes,various activities,including music,sports as well as computer games.,_,Napoleon was,very much surprised,at the two answers.He looked at the tall man,“Either you are mad,or I am.”he declared.,_,Key:,is located/lies,varieties,It was evident,is fond of/has great interest in/.,astonished,2.,请用更贴切的短语替换句中的画线部分，并写在句后的横线上。,Because the weather was good,our journey was comfortable.,_,When she heard he had died,she went pale with sorrow.,_,As soon as he arrived,home,he found all the windows open.,_,We havent seen each other since,five years,ago,_,He has,recently published a book,which deals with lung cancer.,_,The president said he decided,to talk to me on the condition when we can see each other,_,Key:2.Thanks to/Owing to the good weather,At the news of his death,On his arrival,It is.since we last met.,a newly-published book,to have a face-to-face talk with me,3.,下面是一篇学生习作，请将画线部分内容用较高级词汇进行替换。,Since some years ago,，,studying abroad has been popular.,Many,Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are,doing what they can,to go abroad.,There are many advantages in,going to,schools abroad.First,students who study abroad can made friends with people of different cultures.Second,we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries.Third,we can learn foreign languages more quickly.,But on the other side,，,there are some disadvantages.Most of the students are too young to,take care of,themselves without any living experience.Being far away from their motherland,they may feel lonely and homesick.,Also,，,they have to spend more money,there than at home.,Though there are these facts,，,advantages are more than disadvantages as a whole.,Key,：,3.In recent years,Tens of thousands of,trying their best,attending,However,live by,Besides,the costs are much higher,In spite of these facts,