高考英语语法复习课件-动词时态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语时态考点易混点解读,时态概念,时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语有,16,种动词时态形式，但常见的有,9,种,.,一、对一般现在时的考查,1.,考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词,always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。,（,2005,年辽宁卷）,Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storm.,A.was called B.is called,C.had been called D.has been called,B,解析,虽然航海发生在过去，但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。,2.,考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以,when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before,等引导的时间状语从句，在以,if,unless,once,等引导的条件状语从句和以,no matter,however,even if,等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,（,2005,年全国卷）,What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.,A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining,B,解析,if,引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。,二、对一般过去时的考查,一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如,yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time,等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。,More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.,（,2005,年上海卷）,A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,last year,表示过去，再者主语是复数形式。,解析,B,三、对现在进行时的考查，由上下文语境表示时间。,Whats the terrible noise,？,The,neighbours,_ for a party.,（,2004,年北京卷）,A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare,上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。,解析,B,四、对过去进行时的考查,1.,把过去进行时放在,when,while,as,等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。,You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.,（,2004,年福建卷）,A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited,A,该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。该题是强调在过去某一时间（你来我家时）正在进行的动作（在机场等人），用过去进行时。句意：“我顺路去你家时，你不在家。”“啊，（那个时候）我在机场等从英国来的朋友。”,解析,2.,把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。,Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea.He _ it this morning.,（,2004,年全国卷）,A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done,C,该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有，问结果；他今天早晨（过去某段时间内）还在做（正在进行的动作）应当用过去进行时态。句意：“萨姆今天做完作业了吗？”“我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。”,解析,3.,考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。,Shirely_a,book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.,（,98,）,A.has,written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing,D,根据,I dont know whether she has finished it,可判断去年她不可能写完这本书，因而去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语,last year,导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项,B,（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。,解析,五、对现在完成时的考查,1.,现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。,He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.,（,2005,年湖北卷）,A.were deciding B.have decided C.decided D.will decide,解析,have decided,现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。,B,Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.,（,2005,年重庆卷）,A.has been caused B.had been caused C.will be caused D.will have been caused,解析：“,storm”,后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“,last night”,，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但,D,项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。,B,项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。,解析,A,2.,现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与,for,或,since,等短语连用。,The window is dirty.I know.It _ for weeks.,（,2004,年全国卷）,A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned,D,该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词,for weeks,，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”注：由终止性动词,leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see,等构成的完成时不能与,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与,for,或,since,短语连用。如：,I havent met him for two years.,解析,3.,考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、,方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。,Where _ the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.,（,98NMET,）,I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you,put;put,C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;put,第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作,解析,B,六、对现在完成进行时的考查,现在完成进行时是由“,have/has been+,现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下：,1.,现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或 仍在继续。,I have written an article.,（已完成）,I have been writing an article.,（还在写）,2.,有些延续性动词，如,live,teach,work,study,learn,stay,等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。,I have lived here for ten years.=I have been living here for ten years.,另外注意的是：,表短暂动作的动词（,finish,marry,get up,come,go,等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.,（,2004,年北京卷）,A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider,B,该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完成进行时，表示过去的动作（考虑返校学习）持续到现在（还没有决定）今后还有可能进行的动作。句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。,解析,七、对过去完成时态的考查,过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，常用此时态。,George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?No,I _.Did they have a big wedding?,（,2004,年湖北卷）,A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadnt been invited D.didnt invite,C,解析：没有被邀请发生在,George and Lucy,举行婚礼之前，即过去的过去。,常见考点有：,把过去完成时放在含有,when,before,after,until,as soon as,等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。,When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.,（,2005,年湖北卷）,A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hiding D.was starting;hid,A,考查动词时态。主句的动作在前，从句的动作在后，从句中谓语动词,started to walk back,表示过去时间点，因此主句的动作应用过去完成时。,解析,By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.,（,2003,年上海春）,A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed,D,by the end of last year,常与过去完成时连用，表示到过去某个时候前已经完成的动作。,解析,把过去完成时放在,by+,时间点或,by the time+,从句的句子里考查。,动词时态易混点解读,一般过去时和现在完成时的比较,1,）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。,例如：,She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.,此句,has cleaned,不能说成,cleaned.,因为,cleaned,只能表示过去某个时间的动作，与现状无关。,2,）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：,I have seen that film.,（我看过那部电影了。）但不是“了”、“过”、“曾”，都可以翻译成完成时。如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。,试翻译下列句子：,1,、他来过这里。,4,、他十年前去过北京。,2,、他在这住了,20,年。,5,、他死了。,3,、灯灭了。,6,、,您爷爷好吗？,去世了。,1.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?,A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened,C,说话者强调,Jane,目前的状况,.,解析,2.Hello,I _ you were in London.How long _ here?,A.dont know;were you B.hadnt known;are you C.havent known;are D.didnt know;have you been,D,D,didnt know,强调见面前原不知道,.,解析,3.Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.,A.finished;were B.have finished;are C.have finished;were D.had finished;were,C,C,全句含义为“我们现在已经比预期的,(,强调过去,),提前完成任务,(,强调现在,).,解析,4.It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.,A.finds B.has found C.was found D.has been found,D,为被动语态的现在完成时,强调,that,从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知,.,解析,5.When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each.,spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten,C.had spoken;have forgotten,B,B,注意,when I was at college,是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时,;I have forgotten,是指现在的情况,.,解析,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较,1.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted,C,强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果,解析,2.-Have you had any letters from him?-No,I havent,but my wife _ him regularly.,A.has heard from,B.has been hearing from,C.had heard from D.hears,不强调结果，,A,错；不是指目前一般的情况，,D,错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况,解析,B,现在进行时和过去进行时的比较,1.I dont really work here.I _ until the new secretary _.,A.just help out;comes B.have just helped out;will come C.am just helping out;comes D.will just help out;has come,指目前一段时间正在发生或暂时的动作,until,引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。,解析,C,C,2.-When shall we leave?-As soon as I _ what I _.,A.will finish;do B.have finished,am doing C.finish,will do D.finish,do,as soon as,从句前省略了主句,时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时,;what I am dong,指目前正在做的事,.,解析,B,B,3.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _in the office.,A.were working;had left B.worked;left C.had worked;left D.were working;would leave,句中,went,是说话人给定的时间,work,和,leave,发生的时间都要看它们与,went,的时间关系,work,与,went,动作同时发生,强调正在做,用过去进行时,;leave,在,went,之前发生,应用过去完成时。,解析,A,A,5.-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.,A.Im not noticing.B.I wasnt noticing.C.I havent noticed.D.I dont notice.,对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情,.,解析,B,一般过去时和过去进行时的比较,1.He _ a book about China last year,but I dont know if he _ it.,A.wrote;has finished B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished D.wrote;will finish,正确选项为,B.,从,I dont know if he has finished it.,推断，他去年一直在写。,解析,B,B,2.Tom_ into the house when no one _.,A.slipped;was noticing B.had slipped;noticed C.slipped;had noticed D.was slipping;noticed,slip,和,notice,为同时发生的动作，因此,B,、,C,为错误选项，,slipped,指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），,when no one was noticing,指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。,解析,A,A,