高中名词性从句分类详解自己上课使用练习搭配市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法名词性从句,noun clause,1/61,英语句子种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),英语句子概论,2/61,简单句五种,基本,句型,The weather,is,very cold.,主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语,He,laughed,.,主语+谓语（vi.）,I,like,Chinese food,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语,She,taught,them,physics,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语,We must keep the room,warm,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,3/61,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来。,I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it.,I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,惯用并列连词:,平行,并列连词:,转折,并列连词：,因果,并列连词:,选择,并列连词:,and,bothand,not only but also,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,4/61,复合句:主句+从句,名词,性从句,定语从句,状语从句,1.The boy,who is standing over there,is Tom,2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know,(that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词,性从句-,5/61,Noun Clauses,(名词性从句),Subject Clause,(主语从句),Appositive Clause,（同位语从句）,Object Clause,（宾语从句）,Predicative Clause,（表语从句）,6/61,名词性从句在功效上相当于名词,在复合句,中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等。,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,7/61,宾语,I dont like,his job,.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I dont know about the man,Mr.White,.,I dont know about the fact,that he is a teacher.,8/61,Who will win the match,is still unknown.,I want to know,what he has told you,.,The fact is,that we have lost the game,.,The news,that we won the game,is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句,作用相当于名词，所以主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,9/61,Object Clauses 宾语从句,10/61,I know him.,2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句,，跟在,及物动词,或,介词,后,句子结构：,主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。,11/61,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,(,引导名词性从句关联词),:,隶属连词,(不作成份）,连接代词,（作成份）,连接副词,（作状语）,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,if,when,where,how,why,12/61,一、连词（引导词）,1.,that,1.当宾语从句是由,陈说句转变而来,时（包含必定句和否定句），连词,由,that,引导,，因为that在从句中,不作任何成份,，也,没有任何详细意思,，所以在口语或非正式文体中,常省略,。,Lin Tao feels,(that)his own team is even better.,2.宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下,不能省略：,（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，,第二个that,不能省；,（2）当that从句作,介词宾语,时，that不可省掉。,（3）用,it,做,形式宾语,宾语从句。,Everyone knew what happened,and,that,she was worried.,The reason lies,in,that,she works harder than the others do.,I think,it,necessary,that,you should read English aloud.,13/61,3.在主句为动词be加一些形容词（如,sorry,sure,afraid,glad,等）作表语时，后面所跟省略that从句也可算是,宾语从句。,Im sorry,(that),I dont know.,Were sure,(that),our team will win.,Im afraid,(that),he wont pass the exam.,14/61,当宾语,从句是由普通疑问句变来时,时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导，,“,是否,”，不能省略。,(1).Lily wanted to know_,her grandma liked the handbag.,(2).Lets see_,we can find out some information about that city.,(3).She asked me-,she could borrow these books.,注意,whether和if使用区分:,1).whether和if都能够引导宾语从句,a.当有,or not,时就用,whether,不用,if.,I dont know,whether or not,I will stay.,b.,介词,后面宾语从句不能用,if.,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feeling.,c.复合,不定式,只能用whether.,Tell us,whether to go,or stay here.,2.whether/if,if/whether,if/whether,if/whether,15/61,Practice time,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well,or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ I should go.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_,to go,.,whether,whether/if,16/61,3.,当宾语从句是由,特殊疑问句转变而来,时，由,疑问词,（,what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why等,）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定句子成份，含有一定意义，所以,不能够省略。,Do you know-he said just now?,I dont remember-we arrived.,I asked him-,I could get so much money.,Please tell me-we have to see.,Do you know-,time the plane leaves?,what,when,where,who whom,what,17/61,二、时态,1.假如,主句是现在时态,（包含普通现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），,从句时态可依据实际情况而定,，（包含普通现在时，普通过去时，普通未来时，现在完成时等）。,I,know,he _-here .(live),I,know,he-here ten years ago.(live),I,have heard,that he-tomorrow,.(come),2.,假如主句是过去时态,（包含普通过去时，过去进行时），,那么从句时态一定要用相对应过去某种时态,（包含普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时，过去完成时）,I knew who-here.(live),I saw she _-her mother.(talk),He asked whether his father _tomorrow.(come back),He said that he _it.(see),3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用,普通现在时,。,The teacher said that the earth-around the sun.（travel）,lives,lived,will come,travels,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,18/61,三、语序,宾语从句语序用,陈说语序,：连接词+主语+谓语+其它成份。,1.I dont know,what is the matter the troublewrong,with him.,2.I dont know who did it.,3.I dont know who is he,1.When will he go to the library?,1 His brother asks when,he will go to,the library.,2 His brother asks when,will he go to,the library.,2.What does he want to buy?,1 I dont know what,he wants to,buy.,2 I dont know what,does he want to,buy.,19/61,We thought,it,strange,that,Xiao Wang did not,come yesterday,.,2.He has made,it,clear,that,he will not give in,.,注意：,it常能够放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为,形式宾语,真正宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们以为很奇怪)she didnt go to school today.,We think,it,strange,that,20/61,5.在第一人称 I,we 与动词 think,expect,believe,guess,suppose 等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。如：,I dont suppose youre used to this diet.,21/61,6.一些含有假设、猜测、提议等意思动词后面宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”结构,should 能够省略。这类动词有:advise,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等。如：,I suggested that he(should)study harder.,22/61,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,23/61,隶属连词,(不作成份）,连接代词,（作成份）,连接副词,（作状语）,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,as if/as though,when,where,how,why,because,表语从句,是在复合句中作表语名词性从句,放在,系动词,之后,普通结构是“,主语+系动词+表语从句,”。能够接表语从句系动词有,be,look,remain,seem等,表语从句,The question is _,we can rely on him.,Thats _,we were in need of money at that time.,He looked _,he was going to cry.,Thats _,I was late.,whether,because,as if,why,24/61,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“,whether,”不能用“if”。,普通情况下，“,that,”不能省。,It is/was,because,.,It is/was,why,.,3.The reason(,why/for),is/was,that,.,4 The reason is,because/why,that .,25/61,1.,Thats _ the Party called on us to do.,A.why B.what C.how D.that,2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.,A.because B.why C.that D.Whether,3.That is _ they separated.,A.that B.what C.which D.where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.,A.what B.which C.that D.when,26/61,Subject Clauses 主语从句,27/61,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,(,引导名词性从句关联词),:,隶属连词,(不作成份）,连接代词,（作成份）,连接副词,（作状语）,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,when,where,how,why,28/61,1.is certain.（我们将迟到了）,2._ is known to all.(地球是圆),3._ is a pity(你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二 whether,是否，表不确定事情.,引导词,That we shall be late,hurts him so much,.（她离开他,）,一,.that,_-只起引导作用，不充当成份，但不能省略,。没有意义,。,1).That she left him,_,is not easy to say,(他是否会来这）,2),Whether he will come here,(,If he will come here.,),3),_,is more practice.(我们所需要）,what 在从句中作主语。,4）,is under discussion,.,When 在从句中作状语,What we need,When we will begin the meeting,“,if”不能引导主语从句,三。其它疑问词,29/61,注意一:主语从句后置!,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常,用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正主语.,That we shall be late is certain.,1.That the earth is round is known to all.,-,2.That you missed the chance is a pity.,-,It is a pity that you missed the chance,.,Its known to all that the earth is round,.,-Its certain that we shall be late,.,这么就组成了下面一些惯用句型:,It is+adj/n that(strange/a pity),It is+v ed that.(said/reported.,由连词 whether,连接代词 what,who,which和,连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也经常后置:,30/61,Who will do it,_,been decided(,have/has,),What he needs,_,that book.,What he needs _,_,some books.,is,are,注意三：What 与 that 引导主语从句,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中,充当句子成份,如主语,宾语,表语,而,that,则不然,它在句子中,只起连接作用,。,.,(,1)_you said yesterday is right.,(2)_she is still alive is a puzzle,What,That,注意：主语从句中，谓语动词普通用,单数,注意二,What,引导主语从句，可依据,表语,决定,31/61,【常见错误展示】,以下各句都有一处错误，请更正并分析错误原因。,1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.,That,that 虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,32/61,if,whether 都可表示“是否”,但 if不能引导位于主句之前主语从句，它能够引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it主语从句。,2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.,Whether,33/61,3.That the professor said is of great importance.,4.Where will the trees be planted has,not been decided.,What,that 引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示“教授所说”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈说句语序。,34/61,5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.,6.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.,引导让步状语从句时二者可交换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,35/61,7.What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.,8.It was requested that everyone,made a speech at the meeting.,has 要改为 have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。,have,在“It is requested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。,(should)make,36/61,_,he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._,well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A If B Whether C That D Where,3._,is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.,Which;belong to b.As,belonged to,c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to,37/61,4.,Its known to us all _ a form of energy.,A.water is B.that water is,C.is water D.that water to,5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.,A.whether B.that C.what D.when,6.What I say and think _ none of your business.,A.is B.are C.has D have,38/61,appositive Clauses 同位语从句,39/61,同位语从句,1.跟在一些名词后面，对该名词作深入解释说明。,惯用名词有,belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion,等。,Suggestion,suggest order demand wish,等,2.惯用连词：,that;when,where,why,how,e.g.1.,消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他军队。,Word came,that,Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question,how,he did it,.,3,同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。,2.,问题是他怎样做这件事,4.在have no idea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,I have no idea,where he has gone,.,I have no idea,when he did it,.,I have no idea,what he did,.,40/61,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China./We heard the news last night.,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,41/61,4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for,the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./,The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./,Many British parents hold the view.,_,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers,shouldnt spend too much time online,.,_,_,There is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel,is possible.,_,_,The suggestion,that,Chinese students should be given,more free time,is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,42/61,1.We expressed the hope,that,they had expected.,2.We expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,定语从句,同位语从句,3.连词that在同位语从句中,不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当,宾语时能够省略,。,区分that引导同位语从句和定语从句,：,1.,引导同位语连词that在句中,不作任何句子成份,，而在定语从句中，that充当能够是,从句主语或宾语,等,2.同位语从句是对前面名词内容,详细说明,，而定语从句是对前面名词,进行修饰，解释为“.,”,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known to us all.,1.The news that our team has won the game was true.,2.The news that he told me yesterday was true,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,43/61,学习名词性从句应注意几个问题:,一.引导词,1.what与that,that,在名词性从句中,不作句子成份,，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外普通不可省略;而,what,在名词性从句中不但起,连接作用,而且,作句子成份,，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，能够表示“话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度”等内容。,考例1：_ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.（07年上海卷39题）,A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where,44/61,2.whether与 if区分,whether与if当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句（不过,介词后面宾语从句;后面跟or not连用;后紧跟动词不定式to do时除外,）二者能够交换,但,在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常只能用whether,而不能用if。,考例4:We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（06年江苏卷第35题）,A.if B.where C.whether D.that,45/61,3.what,who,which等疑问词与“疑问词+ever”,考例6:,makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（06年辽宁卷第30题）,A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever,whoever引导名词性从句时相当于,anyone who/those who，表示“不论谁,”；而who表示“谁”。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于,anything that,，表示“不论什么”，而what表示“话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度等）”。,小结：,46/61,二.语序问题,Whatever I have done is only for you.,I didnt know what was the matter with her.,I dont think you are right.,Who do you suggest(should)be sent there?,三.时态,在动词suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后,宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气.,The teacher suggest we(should)carry out the,experiment in time.,I insist that you(should)be there on time.,47/61,2.在advice,suggestion,order等名词后表语从句或,同位语从句中谓语也用虚拟语气,His advice is that we(should)go to the cinema tonight.,The order that the work(should)be started at once has been given.,3.时态一致标准,The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.(travel),翻译：,父亲许诺假如我经过考试他将给我买俩车。,travels,Father made a promise that if I passed the exam he,would,buy a car for me.,48/61,四.主谓一致问题,1.What he said _ true.,2.What I bought _ three English books,3.When and where he was born _ not been,found out.,4.When he was born and where he was born _,not been found out.,5.Where and when to hold the meeting _ been decided.,is,are,has,have,在含有一个主语从句主从复合句中，主句谓语动词普通用单数形式。,在关系代词what引导主语从句后，谓语动词数要依据句意而定。,hasnt,小结：,49/61,五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语,1._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language(95,),AThere BThis CThat DIt,2.,Ill make known to all that you were not honest.,it,50/61,六，一些固定搭配或句型,I doubt whether/I dont doubt that,2.There is no doubt that,There is no chance/possibility that,It is no wonder that,3.The reason is that,The reason why I was late is that I missed the train.,4.Im sure that,Im not sure whether,whether,if,以及that引导名词性从句区分是:当“是否”讲时，whether与if引导名词性从句含有疑问意义；而that引导名词性从句表示必定意义。,小结：,51/61,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,.be held,hasnt,been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句谓语用,单数,形式,10,52/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:在此宾语从句中，,it,充当,形式宾语,，真正宾语为that 从句,I think,it,worthwhile that.,*,I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.,10,53/61,*His brother asks when will he go to the library.,Pay attention:名词性从句语序用,陈说语序,Correct or not?,when,he will,go to the library.,10,54/61,*,If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether,we will.,decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句,句首,，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if,10,55/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:,注意,虚拟语气,在名词性从句中使用！由demand,order,require,insist,suggest,advise等引导宾语从句，或由demand,order,suggestion等引导表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用,should+do,形式,It is suggested that we,should,put off.,*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.,10,56/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:,注意,虚拟语气,在名词性从句中使用！在It is necessary important natural.that句型中，从句谓语要用,should+do,形式,It is important that we,should,finish.,*It is important that we will finish the work on time.,10,57/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由reason 做主语表语从句只能用,that,来引导。,The reason why he was late was,that,he was.,*,The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.,10,58/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句,缺乏成份,-宾语，故用作成份what来引导，而不用that。,What,she wants to know is.,*,That she wants to know is when the party will be held.,10,59/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导主语从句放在句首，that,不能省略,。,That,he will give up,*,He will give up his job surprises all of us.,10,60/61,Correct or not?,Pay attention:同位语从句that,不能省略,。,He expressed his hope,that,he would.,*He expressed his hope he would visit China aga