新视野大学英语4读写教程unit5讲义.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,小组组员,付丽亚 陈晨,尚梦楠 朱晴,梁利平 周宁,1/81,Unit 5,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,2/81,solitary,creep,saucer,pint,skater,back up,tame,poetry,laundry,waterproof,self-centered,at length,pond,dictate,companionable,slippery,seal,in line,inspiration,kettle,ego,observation,on purpose,settle down,solitude,priest,humble,choke,cast out,for the time being,commodity,reliance,inadequate,parcel,speak highly of,might as well,sunlight,self-reliance,plural,parrot,seek out,benign,hut,apology,sportsman,set forth,cushion,axe,soak,skate,stretch out,3/81,partI,The first part is paragraph1,which tell us that living alone is a common social phenomenon,4/81,partII,The second part is Paragraph 2,which tells us what people think of living alone.While many people think living in solitude may be a sort of national disease,others take it as a characteristic of American hero.,5/81,partIII,The third part consists of eight paragraphs,from Paragraph 3 to 10.In this part the writer mentions three famous literary giants who choose to be alone and tells us what message we can draw from them.,6/81,partIV,The fourth part is in fact,the most important part in which the writer tells of some life details of the solitary people.This part made up of 4 paragraphs,from Paragraph 11 to 14.,7/81,partV,The last part is the last three paragraphs in which the writer offers his advice as to the preferable attitude toward living alone.,8/81,Text structure Analysis,One of the main writing techniques employed is making comparisons.In Paragraphs 11 to 13 the writer compares how people living with others feel when they are left alone with the feeling of those living alone,and also the solitary peoples different solutions to the need to talk.,9/81,Para.1,Here we are,all by ourselves,all 22 million of us by recent count,alone in our rooms,some of us liking it that way and some of us not.,Some of us divorced,some widowed,some never yet committed.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,10/81,Para.,2a,Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here,and its more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin.On the other hand,to be alone on purpose,having rejected company rather than been cast out by it,is one characteristic of an American hero.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,11/81,Para.,2b,The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one as they,venture out,among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas.Thoreau,alone in his cabin on the pond,his back deliberately turned to the town.Now,thats character for you.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,12/81,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Para.,3,Inspiration,in,solitude,is a major,commodity,for poets and philosophers.Theyre all for it.,They all,speak highly of,themselves for,seeking it out,at least for an hour or even two before,they hurry home for tea.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,释义,13/81,Para.,4,Consider Dorothy Wordsworth,for instance,helping her brother William put on his coat,finding his notebook and pencil for him,and waving as he,sets forth,into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself.How graceful,how benign,is solitude,he wrote.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,14/81,Para.,5,No doubt about it,solitude is improved by being voluntary.,Para.6,Look at Miltons daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away,so he can create poetry.Then,rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting,he calls the girls to come back and write it down while hedictates.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,15/81,Para.,7,You may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone.The indoors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home.,Para.8,The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau.We admire him,not for his self-reliance,but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond,and he wanted to beall alone in the woods.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,16/81,Para.,9a,Actualy,he live a mile,or 20minutes walk,from his nearest neighbor;half a mile from the railroad;three hundred yards from a busy road.He had company in and out of the hut all day,asking him how he could possibly be so noble.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,17/81,Para.,9b,Apparently the main point of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants,used his own axe to chop his own wood,and washed his own cups and saucers.I dont know who did his laundry;he doesnt say,but he certainly doesnt mention doing his own,either.Listen to him:I never found the companion that was so,companionable,as solitude.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,18/81,Para.1,0,Thoreau had his own self-importance for company.Perhaps theres a message here:The larger the,ego,the less the need for other egos around.The more modest and,humble,we feel,the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselves,inadequate,company.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,19/81,Para.1,1a,If you live with other people,their temporary absence can be refreshing.,Solitude will end on Thursday.If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself,next week I will use the,plural,form.While the others are absent you can,stretch out,your soul until it fills up the whole room,and use your freedom,coming and going as you please without,apology,staying up late to read,soakin,g,in the bath,eating a whole pint of ice cream,at one sitting,moving,at your own pace,.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,20/81,Para.1,1b,Those absent will be back.Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window.,But when you live alone,the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum;they may never come back.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,21/81,Para.1,2a,The condition of loneliness rises and falls,but the need to talk goes on forever.,Its more basic than needing to listen.Oh,we all have friends we can tell important things to,people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm.Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that,backs up,and chokes us.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,22/81,Para.1,2b,We cant really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister,or its getting dark earlier now,or we dont trust that new Supreme Court justice.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,23/81,Para.1,3a,Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk,at length,to ourselves and our pets and the television.We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress.We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak,or noodles for,dinner.We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman:that figure skater or this skier.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,24/81,Para.1,3b,Theres nothing wrong with this.Its good for us,and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us,in line,at the market whos telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday,and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate,which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix,though she never drinks it herself.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,25/81,Para.1,4,Its important to stay rational.,Para.1,5,Its important to stop waiting and,settle down,and make ourselves comfortable,at least temporarily,and find some grace and pleasure in our condition,not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower,waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,26/81,Para.1,6,After all,here we are.It may not be where we expected to be,but,for the time being,we,might as well,call it home.Anyway,there is no place like home.,N H C E,Back,小结,预习,写作,导入,词汇学习,课文分析,随 笔,27/81,短语总结,征服广袤原野 tame the great wild areas,最有用东西 a major commodity,自视甚高 speak highly of oneself,毫无疑问 no doubt about it,蹑手蹑脚地走开 creep away,交通繁忙大路 a busy road,有些人为伴 have company,某人主要高洁之处 the main point of ones,nobility,砍柴 chop wood,洗衣服 do a laundry,以某人为伴 to have someone for,company,28/81,随意 as you please,熬夜 stay up late,详细叙说 talk at length,高兴结局 happy ending,抛弃，驱逐,cast out,找出，搜索出 seek out,动身，阐述 set forth,放松，深处，延长 stretch out,安下心来，定居 settle down,29/81,Para.,1,事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。据最近统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己住所里。其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,30/81,Para.,2,孤独或许是这里一个民族弊病，我们羞于认可它，甚于其它任何罪恶。而另首先，有意选择独处，拒绝他人陪同而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄一个特点。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,31/81,Para.,2,孤独猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤荒野时，并不需要有些人陪同。梭罗独居在湖畔小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。现在，这成了你个性。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,32/81,Para.,3,独处灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，最少在他们慌忙赶回家品茗之前一两个小时之内是这么。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,33/81,Para.,4,就拿多萝西华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春阳光去独自对花沉思。他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。”,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,34/81,Para.,5,毫无疑问，假如自愿独处，感觉要好得多。,Para.,6,看看弥尔顿女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，方便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,35/81,Para.,7,看看弥尔顿女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，方便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。,Para.,8,可能你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,36/81,Para.,9,实际上，他最近邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙大路距他300码。整天都有些人进出他小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。显然，他高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也必定没提是他自己洗。听听他是怎么说：“我从未发觉比独处更加好搭档。”,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,37/81,Para.,10,梭罗以自尊自重为伴。可能这里启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其它人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,38/81,Para.,11a,若与他人同住，他们小别会使你感到耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四结束。假如今天我提到自己时使用是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。其它人不在时候，你能够放飞自己灵魂，让它充满整个房间。你能够充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,39/81,Para.,11b,你能够熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱冰淇淋。你能够按自己节奏行动。暂别人会回来。他们冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边亲密留心他们归来身影。但假如你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人暂时离别会使你感到空虚，可能他们永远也不会回来了。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,40/81,Para.,12a,孤独感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈。这比需要倾听更主要。噢，我们都有朋友，能够把大事要事向他们倾诉。我们能够打电话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。每日不停琐碎埋怨，对各种事情看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们心。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,41/81,Para.,12b,我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，说我们收到了姐姐一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来法官。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,42/81,Para.,13a,科学调查表明，独居人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,43/81,Para.,13b,这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面女人告诉收银员，她侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，即使她自己从来不喝这东西。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,44/81,Para.,14,主要是保持理性。,Para.,15,主要是不再等候，而是安置下来，使自己过得舒适，最少暂时要这么。要在我们本身条件下发觉一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里公主，耐心地等候着我们童话故事迎来高兴结局。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,45/81,Para.,16,毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不论怎么说，没有什么地方比家更加好。,新视野,大学英语,N H C E,46/81,Cast out,make sb.leave a place,or refuse to accept sb.as part of a group,赶走，驱逐,He claimed to have the power to cast out demons.,他声称有能力驱鬼。,back,47/81,Venture out,risk going somewhere that might be dangerous or unpleasant,Id rather not venture out in pouring rain if I dont have to!,假如不是非出去不可，我可不愿冒着倾盆大雨出去。,back,48/81,Tame,1)make sb.or sth.easy to control,A group of policemen was called out to tame the crowds.,一队警察被叫来制服人群。,2)train an animal or bird not to be afraid of humans and to be obedient,Its hard to tame a tiger.,驯服老虎极难。,back,49/81,inspiration,n.C,U a sudden good idea about what to do or say,灵感,Wordsworth found(his)inspiration in the Lake District.,华兹华斯从湖区取得灵感。,His hard work is a constant inspiration to us all.,他刻苦工作态度不停地激励着我们每个人。,back,50/81,solitude,n.U the situation of being alone,独居，孤独,People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude.,人们需要独处机会来反思精神上事情。,He enjoys the solitude of his own flat.,他喜欢在自己公寓套间里独居。,back,51/81,commodity,n.1.C sth.that is useful or necessary 有用东西；必需品,If youre going into teaching,energy is a necessary commodity.,假如你打算从事教学，精力充沛是个必要素质。,Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted.,水是一个宝贵东西，可是它往往不被重视。,2.C a substance or product that can be bought or sold 商品，货物,There is an international commodities market in the city.,该城市有一个国际商品市场。,back,52/81,sunlight,n.,U the light that comes from the sun,阳光，日光,The early morning sunlight shone through the curtains.,清晨阳光透过窗帘照了进来。,Our garden gets a lot of sunlight.,我们花园充满阳光。,back,53/81,companionable,a.friendly and pleasant to be with 友善，友好,He seldom spoke,but he was never impatient with her,always kind,a companionable father figure.,他极少说话，可是他从来没有对她不耐烦过，总是很善良，是一个友善父亲型人。,Hes a nice companionable sort of a person.,他是那种友善易处人。,back,54/81,humble,a.1.having a modest opinion of oneself 谦逊，谦虚,Many famous people are surprisingly humble.,许多名人出人意料地谦虚。,He strikes me as a very humble person.,他谦虚给我留下了深刻印象。,2.having a low social class or position 地位或身份低下,I do quite a humble job at the hospital.,我在医院从事很普通工作。,We live in a humble little village.,我们住在一个普通小村庄里。,back,55/81,inadequate,a.not enough or not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分；不足,inadequate supplies,短缺供给品,The system is inadequate for the tasks it has to perform.,这个系统还不完善，没法进行这个工作。,back,56/81,Plural,形容词,a.,1.【语】复数,Data is a plural noun.Data是一个复数名词。,2.由两个以上人(或物)组成;多元,名词 n.【语】,1.复数U,2.复数形式(词)C,The plural of a noun is usually made by adding-s to the singular.名词复数通常以单数加-s组成。,back,57/81,soak,vi.spend a long time taking a bath 长时间泡浴,Soak in a warm bath to relax.,泡个热水澡放松。,v.make sth.very wet or become very wet 使湿透；浸湿,A sudden shower of rain soaked the spectators.,突如其来一阵雨把观众淋了个透。,The blood soaked through the bandage.,血渗透了绷带。,back,58/81,apology,n.C a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth.wrong or for upsetting sb.道歉,I made no apology for what I saidit was a fair comment.,我不打算为自己说话道歉我评论是公正。,I have an apology to make to youIm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.,我得向你道歉我误拆了你信。,back,59/81,back up,1.(cause to)block up（使）积压；（使）拥塞,The correspondence has been backing up for several days.,待处理信件已积压了好几天。,Many vehicles were backed up at the crossroads because of the accident.,因为事故，很多车辆被堵在十字路口。,2.support sb.,esp.in an argument 支持,Harry will back me up wholeheartedly as he used to.,哈里会像过去一样全心全意地支持我。,The policeman wouldnt have believed me if you hadnt backed me up.,假如你当初不支持我，警察是不会相信我。,back,60/81,at length,1.for a long time and in great detail 长久地；详尽地,He talked at length about his work and family.,他详细地谈了他工作和家庭。,We have already discussed this matter at length.,我们已详细讨论过这件事了。,2.after a long time 最终，终于,Yes,I saw him,she said at length,knowing that she had no choice but to admit to it in case she had been seen at the apartment.,“是，我见到过他，”她终于说了，知道自己只能认可，怕万一有些人曾看见过她在那个房间。,back,61/81,in line,in a row of people standing one behind the other while waiting for sth.（排）成一行，（排）成一队,You are not in line with the others.,你没有和他人排成一行。,The children stood in line.,孩子们站成一队,.,back,62/81,settle down,become quiet and calm or make sb.do this（使）安定下来,He settled down