Unit3Understanding-Science市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 3,Understanding Science,1/85,Passage A,Public Attitudes Toward Science,2/85,Who Is Stephen Hawking?,3/85,4/85,Stephen Hawking(1942-):,a British scientist who has greatly influenced peoples ideas on the origins of the universe,.,He is known for his contributions to the fields of,cosmology,（宇宙论）and,quantum gravity,（量子引力论）,especially in the context of black holes.,5/85,Hawking has a neurone disease that has progressed over the years and has left him almost completely paralysed.He is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics（,卢卡斯数学教授,）at Cambridge,a post once held by Newton.,6/85,斯蒂芬霍金生于,1942,年，,英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授,，当代最主要,广义相对论和宇宙论家,，是当今享受国际盛誉伟人之一，被称为在世最伟大科学家，还被称为“,宇宙之王,”。他还证实了黑洞面积定理，即伴随时间增加黑洞面积不减。他担任职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为高尚教授职务，那是,牛顿,曾担任过,卢卡斯数学教授,。,7/85,在科学成就上，他是有史以来最出色科学家之一，他贡献是在他20年之久被卢伽雷氏症禁锢在轮椅上情况下做出，这是真正空前绝后。,霍金魅力不但在于他是一个充满传奇色彩物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服生活强者。他不停求索科学精神和勇敢顽强人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他人。,8/85,His chief works:,9/85,10/85,11/85,Hawking and his first wife:,12/85,Frankenstein:,13/85,Language study,:,1.,likely,a.probable(,It is likely that,be likely to do sth,.)可能,It,is likely that,my roommate will win the first-class scholarship.,He,is likely to,be late.,14/85,b.probably(often used after“most”,“more than”,or“very”)可能,We will,most likely,stay home during the National Day.,15/85,2.minority,少数，少数民族,Artistic people are in a tiny,minority,in this country.,兴趣艺术人在这个国家只占少数。,The,minority,nationality concert lasted two hours.,少数民族音乐会连续了两个小时。,a/the,minority,作主语时，动词可用单数或复数,Only,a,minority,of,British families,dont/doesnt,have a car.只有少数英国家庭没有汽车。,majority 多数，大半,The majority,were/was,in favour of the advice.,16/85,3.do without,:,manage to survive,continue,or succeed,although you do not have sth.you need 没有而设法对付过去,-,I havent enough money to buy a car,so Ill just have to,do without.,-He cant,do without,the services of a secretary.,17/85,4.highly:,adv.,1)very 很，非常,-Mr.Smith was a,highly,successful businessman.,2)to a high degree 高度地,-He speaks very,highly,of you.,18/85,5.,risky,危险，有风险,He did a,risky,job.,Doing like this is,risky,for you.,19/85,risk n.危险，风险,run/take a risk/risks,冒险,To succeed in business one must be prepared to,run risks,.,run/take the risk of doing sth.,We will,take the risk of being,late.,risk v.冒险，使冒危险,risk doing sth,.冒做某事危险,We must,risk getting,caught in a storm.,He risked losing his life to save the boy.,20/85,6.,cut off,:stop providing sth.,切断，中止，切下，剪下,Water supplies in the city have been,cut off,because of the air attacks.,Their phone has been,cut off,because they havent paid the bill.,21/85,7.,competition,n.竞争，比赛,boxing competition 拳击比赛,chess competition 国际象棋比赛,Trade competition between countries,国际间贸易竞争,compete,v.比赛，竞争,compete against/with sb.for sth.,为与某人竞争,He,competed against/with,Tom,for,the first place in a race.,22/85,8.bring about,:cause to happen引发，造成,-这是怎么发生？,What,brought,it,about,?,-Some people are hoping to,bring about,changes in the educational system.,23/85,9.inquire:,1.,vt,.ask to be told 问询,inquire sth.of sb,.,-He,inquired,(of her)the reason for being late again.,2.,vi.,seek information by questioning,查问，查明,-我打电话问询相关火车时刻事情。,I rang up to,inquire,about train times.,24/85,10.,ensure:,make sure(followed by n./that-clause)确保，确保,This new treaty will,ensure,peace,.,Come early to,ensure,that you get a seat.,25/85,11.,inform:,tell(inform sb.of/about sth.,inform sb.that clause.),通知，汇报，告诉,They,informed,us,of,their arrival at Pudong Airport.,Have you,informed,the police,that,theres been an accident?,26/85,informed:,having or showing knowledge 有知识，明智，了解情况,随时告诉我新发展。,Keep me,informed,of fresh development.,27/85,12.,in two minds(about sth):,unable to decide whether or not you want sth.or want to do sth.犹豫不决，三心二意,I think she is,in two minds about,whether to accept his present or not.,28/85,13.,basis:,basis:(pl.bases)基础,The writing has a firm,basis.,The research will form the,basis,of a book.,29/85,b),on the basis(of),基于,基于我们售货预测，我们明年将开始盈利。,On the basis of,our sales forecasts,we may begin to make a profit next year.,30/85,比较 basis,base,这两个词都有“基础，根基”意思,basis,多用于比喻，,指信念、议论等依据。,比如：,His research formed the,basis,of his new book.,他研究结果是他这本新书基础。,base,多用于指,有形或详细基地或根基,，尤指军事或工业方面基地。比如：,Its heavy industry rests on a broad and firm,base.,它重工业有广泛坚实基础。,You cannot enter a military,base,without a permit.,无通行证者不得擅入军事基地。,31/85,14.lie in,:exist or be found in,在于,The root of all these events,lay in,history.,这部戏剧令人感兴趣地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面问题。,The plays interest,lies in,the questions it raises about marriage.,32/85,15.,in terms of:,as regards(sth.),从某方面或角度来说，按照，依据,In terms of,salary,the job is terrible.,In terms of,customer satisfaction,the policy cant be criticized.,33/85,16.,tend:,be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect 倾向，趋向,Some people,tend to get,up later at weekends.,The school bus,tends to be,early on Monday mornings.,34/85,17.in the form of:,a)having the shape of 呈某种形状,The lane was,in the form of,a big S.,The trees were laid out,in the form of,the figure eight.,35/85,b)existing in a particular form 以某种形式,They received a benefit,in the form of,a tax reduction.,36/85,18.convey,:,vt,.,1)make(ideas,feelings,etc.)known to another 传达，表示,I cant,convey,my feelings to you in words.,2)take;carry 运输，运输,This train,conveys,both passengers and goods,to,Shanghai.,37/85,19.put across,:,cause to be understood 解释清楚，使被了解,他非常善于表示自己意见。,Hes very good at,putting his ideas across.,Good teachers are able to,put things across well.,38/85,20.fit into,:be part of a situation,system,or plan 适合，符合，属于,The new college courses,fit into,a national education plan.,College English videos are designed to,fit into,the syllabus（课程提要）.,39/85,21.,entertain:,give pleasure to 使高兴，使感到兴趣,Childrens television programs not only,entertain,but also teach.,He,entertained,his friends,with,stories from his childhood.,40/85,b),have as a guest,款待，招待,women students are not allowed to,entertain,men in their rooms.,we are,entertaining,the Smiths this evening.,41/85,22.contact:,1)vt.get in touch with 与接触，会晤,Where can I,contact,Jeffs wife?,2)n.touching or communication,接触，传达，交换意见,be in/out of contact with,在接触中（失去接触）,Our troops,are in contact with,the enemy.,比较：,contract n.合约，协议 v.定协议,42/85,1.The world we live,in,has changed,这是一个动词后带有介词定语从句，注意千万不要忘了介词,in,。这句还能够转换成：,The world,in which,we live,has changed,43/85,The man,who lives next to us,sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰,名词从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成份,后,定语从句复习,44/85,先行词和关系词关系,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,The boy,who,broke the window is called Tom.,a,machine=,that,the boy,=,who,关系代词,实际上是,先行词复指,45/85,The boy,whose,parents are dead,was brought up by his grandfather.,the boys,=,whose,关系词,whose,实际上是,先行词全部格,46/85,The school,where,I study is far from my home.,in the school,=,where,关系副词,实际上是,介词先行词,47/85,I loved the meal that we had last night.,_,做动词宾语关系代词可省略。,The boy whom I saw yesterday is Tom.,_,48/85,介词+关系代词,有些定语从句中介词本身是从句一部分，这么介词可位于关系代词前，也可位于关系代词后，,who,和,that,不能直接位于介词后做宾语。,49/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,1,The man whom you spoke was Tom.,The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,50/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,2,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,51/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,52/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,53/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,54/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,55/85,介词,+,关系代词情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was Tom.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who,、,that,不能用与介词之后,56/85,2.and go back to,what they see,as a purer and simpler age.,What 引导宾语从句，what 可翻译成“所”或“”。又如：,What,Im reading,is interesting.,What,he said,was true.,I believe,what,I saw,.,Im not sure,what,he told me,.,57/85,3.But,as,history shows.,这是一个 as引导定语从句，as单独引导定语从句时，,先行词能够是一个词，也能够是一个句子或短语。,比如：,She is a fine,singer,，,as,her mother used to be.,她是一个很出众歌唱家，就像她母亲当年那样。(先行词是一个单词),She has married again,as,was expected.她已再婚,这是意料中事。(先行词是整个主句),To shut your eyes to facts,as,many of you do,is foolish.对事实视而不见-你们好多人都是如此愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语),58/85,4.Nor can,one prevent further advances in the future.,这是一个倒装句。倒装是一个语法伎俩，是将语句中,主语、谓语,、宾语、状语等颠倒次序一个语法现象，用于表示一定句子结构或强调某一句子成份，主要是指主谓倒装。英语倒装句有两种：,全部倒装和部分倒装,。,全部倒装,是将句子中谓语动词全部置于主语之前。,部分倒装,则是将助动词调到主语前，,59/85,全部倒装：,1.当句首为副词,out，in，up，down，off，here，there,等，且,主语为名词,时，应用完全倒装。,In,came,the doctor.医生进来了。,There,goes,the bell.铃响了。,2.当表示地点,介词短语,位于句首，且,主语为名词,时，应用完全倒装。如：,On top of the hill,stands,a big pine tree.,山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。,Under the tree,were,some children.,树下有一些孩子。,60/85,部分倒装：,1.当句首为否定或半否定词,never，neither，nor，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，in no way，few，not，no,等时，应用部分倒装。如：,Seldom does,he spend,his time playing cards.,他极少花时间去玩扑克。,Never have,I heard of that place before.,我以前从未听说过那个地方。,2.,only 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时,，应用部分倒装。如：,Only in this way can,we solve the problem.,只有这么，我们才能处理这个问题。,Only when you told me,did,I,know,her name,.,直到你告诉我，我才知道她名字。,61/85,3.由连接词 No sooner than，Scarcely when，Hardly when 引发主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。如：,No sooner,had,he gone to bed,than,he fell asleep.,他一上床就睡着了。,Hardly had,I got into the classroom,when,it began to rain.,我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。,62/85,5.,All it would do,is,slow down,the rate of change.(line 18),主语有定语从句或本身是主语从句而从句中有实意动词do某种形式时，用作表语不定式能够带to也能够不带to。,All I did,was,(to)give,him a little push.我只是轻轻推了他一下。,what he wants to do,is,(to)spoil,the whole thing.,他想干就是要把整个事情弄糟。,63/85,6.give the public the scientific background,it needs,to make informed decisions(lines 33-35),“It needs,”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词background，,“It”,指是“the public”.,“to make informed decisions”是不定式,作目标状语,.,64/85,7.,Maybe I would have sold,twice,as,many,copies,without it,.,1).这是一个含蓄条件句，即虚拟句中有时假设情况不用if条件从句表示，而用介词短语，上下文，或其它方式表示。,这些词或短语主要有,but,without,but for,等，使用方法为：当主句与现在或未来事实相反则使用,“would,should,might+动词原形”,结构；若主句与过去事实相反，则使用,“would,should,might+have+过去分词”,结构。比如：,But for,your help,we,would not have finished,the woke,so quickly.,65/85,2).英语中表示倍数句型，,第一个句型:,A+动词+倍数+as+,adj,.,adv,.原级+as+B.,表示“是几倍（长、宽、高、大）”。,这根绳子是那根绳子两倍。,This rope is,twice as long as,that one,.,China is,twenty times as large as,Japan.,中国面积是日本20倍。,66/85,第二种句型:,A+v.+倍数+,adj,.,adv,.比较级+than B.,表示“比（长、宽、高、大）几倍”,Asia is 4 times larger than Europe.,亚洲比欧洲大4倍。,这个房间面积比那个大三倍。,This room is three times bigger than that one.,67/85,第三种句型:,A+v.+倍数+名词词组(the size,the height,the width,the length,the.of)+B.,表示“是几倍（长、宽、高、大）”这堵墙是那堵三倍高。,The wall is,three times the height of,that one.这条马路宽度是那条马路五倍。,This road is,five times the width of,that one.,68/85,8.most likely to change,the way we live,in the future.,在定语从句中，当先行词是the way，而且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词能够有三种情况，,that,in which或者不用关系词。,I dont like,the way(that/in which),he speaks.,The way(that/in which),he deals with the problem,is unexpected.,69/85,9.,The world today is filled with dangers,hence the sick joke(spreads),that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization,is,that civilizations tend to destroy themselves,when they reach our stage,.,(lines 63-65),划线句子主句是一个,表语从句,，其中含一个,定语从句,，一个,表语从句,和一个,时间状语从句,。,70/85,I Vocabulary,1 1)brief 2)in terms of,3)cut off 4)tend,5)anyway 6)precise,7)in the form of 8)initiative,9)convey 10)in two minds,11)concept 12)grasp,71/85,3,1)lies in contact between,2)basis of is likely sufficient,at the moment,3)the steady will be highly,72/85,II Translation,1)As is predicted by scientists,global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.,2)Competition for these jobs is very tough we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.,73/85,3)As the facts show,educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.,4)The car burns too much gas,and moreover,the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.,5)To understand a great international event,we,first of all,need to consider the historical and political background to it.,74/85,译文：当今世界充满危险，因而有了那不寒而栗了玩笑，说是我们之所以未受到外星文明造访是因为：凡是文明发展到我们现在程度，他们往往就自我毁灭了。,75/85,Part One,To make informed decisions about change,the public needs a basic understanding of science.,Part One(Paras1-3),76/85,Part Two,Part Two(Paras 4-6):,What can be done to educate the public about science.,77/85,Part Three,Part Three(Para 7):,With an informed public,human civilization will survive.,78/85,Main Idea of the Text,79/85,To ensure the survival of human civilization,measures must be taken to help the public understand science.,Main Idea,80/85,Question:,What makes Hawkings achievement so remarkable?,81/85,The contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body.,82/85,2).Multiplication 倍数，用twice,double 基数词+times,as as 等表示倍数及量比较。,I must double the amount.我必须把数量增加一倍。,I work twice as hard as you.我工作得比你努力一倍。,China is twenty times as large as Japan.,中国面积是日本20倍。,用“as+形容词/副词+again as”表示加一倍。,Four is as much again as two.四比二大一倍。,比较:Two is half as much as four.二是四二分之一,50%,Six is half as much again as four.六是四一倍半，,比四多50%。,83/85,In what ways do these discoveries change our lives for the better?Or for the worse?,Discussion,84/85,Thank you!,85/85,