链状带绦虫猪带绦虫Taeniasolium电子教案.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,链状带绦虫（猪带绦虫）,Taenia solium,肥胖带绦虫（牛带绦虫）,Taenia saginata,Taenia spp,.adult worm,The chain of proglottids is called the strobila,and may be composed of over 1.000 proglottids.,T.saginata,may measure 9 m,whereas,T.solium,may reach 6 m.,两种带绦虫比较,猪带绦虫 牛带绦虫,体长 2-4m 4-8m,节片 700-1000 1-2千节,头节 圆顶突小钩 方无小钩,成节卵巢 3叶 2叶,孕节子宫 7-13支 15-30支,猪带绦虫 牛带绦虫,中间宿主 猪/人 牛,感染期 卵/猪囊尾蚴 牛囊尾蚴,感染形式 互相/自体感染 互相感染,引起疾病 绦虫病/囊虫病 绦虫病,诊断 粪检可查获卵肛试法,治疗 吡喹酮/槟榔-南瓜子,The scolex of,T.saginata,Gravid proglottid of,T.solium,Gravid proglottid of,T.saginata,卵（Egg）,两种带绦虫卵相似,类圆形,卵壳薄，易破裂,壳内具有放射条纹的胚膜,含六钩蚴,Taenia spp,.egg,囊尾蚴(cysticercus),白色囊状物,内含透明囊液,两层囊壁,内层增厚为头节,T.solium,:cysticercus cellulosae with invaginated scolex,Life cycle of,Taenia solium,猪带绦虫感染期,绦虫病：口入含囊尾蚴的猪肉,囊尾蚴病：口入虫卵,感染方式,自身感染：体内、体外,异体感染,Life cycle of,Taenia saginata,807例囊尾蚴病,眼 46 脑 40.9%,皮下 6.3%肌肉 3.5%,其它 3.2%,治疗（Treatment),带绦虫病：吡喹酮首选,南瓜子槟榔疗效好,（查头节考核疗效）,囊尾蚴病：手术摘除,阿苯达唑或吡喹酮,猪带 牛带,Parasitic site:small intestinal,Infection stage:egg/cysticercus,Pathogenic stage:larva/adult worm,Etiologic dignosis:,fecal exam./perianal egg exam.,Drug:Albendazole,细粒棘球绦虫,Echinococcus granulosus,概述,人兽共患寄生虫病,畜牧区动物群中流行,成虫寄生于犬、狼、狐等,幼虫寄生于人、牛、羊等内脏,引起棘球蚴病,一、形态（,Morphological features,）,1.成虫:Minute,4-7mm in lenght;Comprises of 4 segments scolex&cervical,immature、mature、gravid segment,2.虫卵:Morphologically indis-tinguible to the Taenia egg,Adult of,Echinococcus granulosus,3.棘球蚴,(Hydatid cyst),Round&cystic(囊状体),Wall：角皮层(cuticle layer)、生发层(germinal layer),Contents：生发囊、原头蚴、子囊、,孙囊（棘球蚴砂）、囊液,Protoscoleces with double row hooklets and calcareous corpuscles,Hydatid sand,二、Life cycle,Egg,Adult worm Hydatid cyst,(,犬狼等小肠,)(,人羊等肝肺,),污染牧草,Life-cycle feature,Infection stage:Egg(oral),Man(or take herbivorous animals):,intermediate host,Parasitic site(Hydatid cyst):,Liver、lung or brain etc,单个寄生，可存活40年,三、致病（Pathogeneses）,棘球蚴病或包虫病(Echinococcosis or Hydatidosis),压迫(Pressure)：,肝、肺、脑功能障碍,过敏(Allergy)：,囊液溢出，过敏休克,播散再生:,囊内原头蚴侵入腹腔再发,四、诊断（Diagnosis）,免疫诊断+超声检查,手术时取囊液查病原体,（穿刺时注意防止囊液外溢）,五、流行（Epidemiology）,分布：森林型、畜牧型,流行因素:犬粪污染牧草、水土,人犬密切接触,病畜内脏管理不善喂狗,六、防治原则,（,Principles of control）,加强个人防护，杜绝虫卵感染,处理好病畜内脏,定期为牧犬治疗,Surgical removal:,内囊摘除术(甲醛处理),Albendazole：,1020mg,/kg,1216,周,刚地弓形虫,Toxoplasma gondii,弓形虫概述,世界性分布,人畜共患,寄生温血动物和猫科动物,机会致病,一、,Morphology 1.In,intermediate hosts,(人或温血动物有核细胞内),Tachyzoite：弓形,内二芽殖,胞内繁殖(假包囊,preudocyst),Cyst：有囊壁，内含大量,缓殖子(bradyzoite),In cell cultures,T.gondii,proliferates to form a pseudocyst of 8-20 parasites.,T.gondii:,lysis of a THP-1 cell with release of tachizoites in culture.,T.gondii:,tissue cysts,100-300 m,may contain up to 3 000 bradyzoites.,Tachyzoites of,Toxoplasma gondii,in macrophages of mouse in peritoneal exudate.,(SEM),2.In definitive host,猫科动物小肠上皮细胞内,裂殖体：Asexual,配子体：雌雄配子受精(sexual),卵囊(oocyst):内含2个孢子囊，各含4个子孢子,二、Life cycle,特点：两类宿主，两种生殖方式,猫科动物:definitive host-配,子生殖,人或其它温血动物:intermediate,host-无性生殖,(包括猫科动物的非肠上皮细胞内),Oocvst,（随粪排出),Sporozoite,tachyzoite,合子,Gametocyte,（人，动物）,Schizont,Cyst,(猫),(Bradyzoite),生活史要点,Infection stage：,oocyst，cyst，tachyzoite,Infection mode：,垂直传播:胎盘(Mother Children),水平传播:口入、输血、伤口等,Parasitigic site：淋巴结、脑、眼、,肌肉、肝、心、肺等,三、,致病（Pathogenesis）,1.机制,Tachyzoite:,细胞内增生与破坏,Cyst:累及重要脏器、组织,代谢物致变态反应,2.Clinical types,1)Congenital toxoplasmosis:,四联症,视网膜脉络膜炎,脑积水,脑钙化,小头畸形,2)Acquired toxoplasmosis,(In immuno-competent hosts),多数无症状:,90%,suppressive infection,少数可见:急性淋巴结炎,视网膜脉络膜炎；,罕见肺炎,肝炎,心肌炎,脑膜脑炎,隐性感染激活，发病,重症型，全身性感染,预后差,2)Acquired toxoplasmosis,(In immuno-incompetent hosts),四、,诊断,（Dignosis）,病原学:组织体液活检,涂片染色,动物接种分离、细胞培养、PCR测弓形虫DNA,免疫学:测抗体（IgG,+,：有感染；I,gM,+,：可能是新感染,）；,测抗原,五、,流行（Epidemiology）,1.Epidemic factors,传染源:猫、家畜和野生温血动物,传播途径:,Man （胎盘，输血）Man,Animal （肉食品，水）Man,Animal （食肉）Animal,2.,Epidemic fecture,生活史多期均有传染性,宿主、寄生部位要求不严格,中间宿主间可相互传播,组织内包囊存活长,卵囊抗力大,猫为主要传染源(粪便内卵囊污染),六、,防治（Control）,治疗患者：Drugs:,Pyrimethamine+Sulfadizines,Spiramycin,预防为主：,no consume undercooked meat,严格个人卫生及食品卫生要求,孕妇防止与猫接触、产前检查,E.h.,Parasitic site:intestinal wall,Infection stage:4 nuclei cyst,Pathogenic stage:trophozoite,Etiologic dignosis:,stool examination,Drug:metronidazole,