高考英语复习与增分策略专题一语法知识第十讲形容词与副词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十讲形容词与副词,专题一语法知识,1/55,栏目索引,考点1形容词与副词语境辨析,考点2形容词和副词比较等级,考点3形容词作状语,考点4常见连接性副词,考点5形容词和副词一些固定表示,解题方法,方法1形容词词义辨析法,方法2副词词义辨析法,强化练(十),2/55,1.Only five years after Steve Jobs,death,，smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.(江苏，29),A.controversial B.contradictory,C.confidential D.conventional,考点1形容词与副词语境辨析,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯逝世五年之后，智能手机销售额就打败了传统个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机)，与之对应PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词conventional修饰，表示,“,传统,”,。controversial有争议；contradictory自相矛盾；confidential机密。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3/55,2.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _ explanations are hard to find.(,江苏，34),A.alternative B.aggressive,C.ambiguous D.apparent,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：恐龙灭绝不一定是因为天体碰撞，但也难以找到别解释。空格处与前面,“,未必,”,(not necessarily),呼应，这里用alternative表示,“,另外，可替换,”,。aggressive好斗，挑衅；ambiguous模棱两可，不明确；apparent显而易见，明白。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4/55,3.I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment.,I,m sorry,，but he is not _ at the moment，for the meeting hasn,t ended.(,天津，3),A.busy B.active,C.concerned D.available,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。很抱歉，不过此刻他没空(available)，因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示,“,(,人)有空,”,，符合语境。busy忙碌；active活跃；concerned担忧。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5/55,4.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _ statements of how,，and on what basis，data are collected.(江苏，31),A.explicit B.ambiguous,C.original D.arbitrary,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：他全方面调查提供了关于怎样搜集信息及在什么基础上搜集信息最清楚明确说明。explicit清楚，明晰，详述；ambiguous模棱两可，含糊不清；original起初，原来；arbitrary任意，随心所欲。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,6/55,解析,考查副词词义辨析。句意为：突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕经历，尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially尤其，尤其，符合语境。eventually最终；strangely奇怪地；merely仅仅，只。,5.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,，_ if you are travelling at high speed.(浙江，13),A.eventually B.strangely,C.merely D.especially,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,7/55,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在这篇文章里，你需要用详细例子来支持你总体性陈说。specific详细，特定；permanent永久；abstract抽象；universal通用，普遍。依据句意可知选A。,6.In this article,，you need to back up general statements with _ examples.(浙江，16),A.specific B.permanent,C.abstract D.universal,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8/55,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我非常感激全部那些志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕一天。special特殊；superior优越；grateful感激；attractive有吸引力。依据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表示感激之情，故选C。,7.I,m so_ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(,安徽，26),A.special B.superior,C.grateful D.attractive,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9/55,解析,考查副词词义辨析。句意为：他们或者个人或者经过他们企业给敬老院捐款。legally正当地，法律上；sincerely真诚地；personally亲自，当面，个别地，就自己而言；deliberately有意地，慎重地，慎重地。依据through their companies可知personally为正确答案。,8.They gave money to the old people,s home either _ or through their companies.(,安徽，31),A.legally B.sincerely,C.personally D.deliberately,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10/55,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：迈克尔通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，他想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。careless粗心；considerate考虑周到；patient有耐心；generous慷慨，大方。,9.It was _ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.,(,福建，23),A.careless B.considerate,C.patient D.generous,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11/55,考点归纳,处理词义辨析题关键是切记一些高频词词义，掌握词义有效方法就是经过语境去记忆，经过背诵句子来记忆词汇音、形、义。,1.Did he break it accidentally(,by accident/by chance)?,No,，purposely(on purpose).,他是不小心把它打坏了吗？,不是，是有意地。,12/55,2.Search your heart and ask if you,re equally to blame.,扪心自问，你是不是一样也应该受到训斥。,3.I,m especially(,particularly)fond of pop songs.,我尤其喜欢流行音乐。,4.Eventually(,Finally)，he made it.,他终于成功了。,13/55,创设语境切记以下高考高频词汇：,increasingly,，largely，meanwhile，merely，completely，partly，practically，rarely，accessible，accurate，adaptable，addicted，adorable，affordable，aggressive，alternative，apparent，artificial，available，casual，cautious，complex，confident，constant，contradictory，controversial，dramatic，effective，flexible，frequent，individual，inevitable，optional，permanent，potential，relevant，skeptical，secure，,sensitive，responsible，subtle，transparent，unique等。,14/55,1.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ in the coming years.(,浙江，18),A.little more B.no more,C.much more D.many more,考点2形容词和副词比较等级,解析,考查比较级。句意为：我一直喜欢你组织全部活动，希望在未来几年里能参加更多活动。many more后省略了events。依据句意可知选D。,答案,解析,1,2,15/55,2.Andy is content with the toy.It is_ he has ever got.(,四川，7),A.a better B.the better,C.a best D.the best,解析,考查形容词最高级。句意为：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到最好玩具。依据he has ever got能够推知这是,“,他得到最好玩具,”,，故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,16/55,考点归纳,1.,否定词与比较级连用表示最高级意义。,I can,t agree more.,我完全同意。,2.,比较级than any other单数名词/any of the other复数名词/the others/any of the others表示,“,某人/物比同一范围任何一个人/物都,”,，含义是,“,某人/物最,”,。,The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China/than any of the other rivers in China.,长江比中国其它任何一条河都长。,17/55,3.,在倍数表示结构中，要把倍数放在比较结构前。,At a rough estimate,，Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain.,粗略估算，尼日利亚面积是大不列颠3倍。,4.,比较级前可用still，much，even，far，a lot，a bit，a great deal，以及分数、百分数等修饰，此时注意它们要放在比较级前。,You,re driving too fast.Can you drive a bit more slowly?,你开得太快了。你能开得慢些吗？,18/55,Could you please explain the assignment for Monday,，Miss Smith?,Certainly.Read the next chapter and come to class _ to discuss what you,ve read.(,南京、盐城一模，24),A.preparing B.prepared,C.to prepare D.to be prepared,考点3形容词作状语,解析,句意为：史密斯小姐，请说明一下周一任务好吗？当然能够。阅读下一章，来上课时候准备好讨论你所读内容。依据句子结构可知设空处应为状语，表示状态。此处prepared为过去分词转换为形容词，强调状态，说明到学校时候已经准备好了。,答案,解析,19/55,考点归纳,形容词或形容词短语作状语时，普通用逗号将其与句子其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末和句中，相当于一个状语从句，可表示行为方式、伴随情况、原因、时间、条件、结果或让步。有时像非限制性定语从句一样，表示意义上增补，其逻辑主语多为句子主语。,20/55,1.Thanks for your directions to the house,；we wouldn,t have found it _.(,江西，23),A.nowhere B.however,C.otherwise D.instead,考点4常见连接性副词,解析,考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处；however然而；otherwise不然，要不然；instead反而。句意为：谢谢你为我们指路，要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,21/55,2.It,s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,，_，supply more jobs.(安徽，33),A.however B.anywhere,C.therefore D.otherwise,解析,考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们希望是，我们能在市场发挥更大作用，所以，提供更多就业机会。however然而，表转折关系；anywhere不论何处，表条件；therefore所以，表因果关系；otherwise不然，表相反结果。依据句意选C。,答案,解析,1,2,22/55,考点归纳,1.,表示增补：besides，further，then，similarly，likewise，moreover,2.,表示等同：similarly，likewise，equally,3.,表示对比：rather，oppositely,4.,表示概括：altogether，generally,5.,表示列举：first(ly)，second(ly)，finally,6.,表示条件：otherwise,7.,表示让步：however，still，yet，nevertheless，though，anyway,23/55,8.,表示结果：therefore，consequently，accordingly，thus,9.,表示时间过渡：meanwhile，sometimes，occasionally,10.,表示同位关系：namely,11.,表示着重特指：mainly，mostly，particularly，especially,24/55,1.The idea,“,happiness,，,”,_,，will not sit still for easy definition.,(江苏，28),A.to be rigid B.to be sure,C.to be perfect D.to be fair,考点5形容词和副词一些固定表示,答案,解析,1,2,25/55,解析,考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。to be rigid刻板地说，死板地说；to be sure诚然，确实，无可否定；to be perfect完美地说，说得完美些；to be fair公平而言，说句公道话。本句主干是The idea,“,happiness,”,will not sit still for easy definition.,，其意思是：给,“,幸福,”,这一概念下定义远非易事。依据四个动词不定式短语意义和句子主干意思，我们能够选择B项to be sure。综合考虑可知题干句意为：诚然，给,“,幸福,”,这一概念下定义远非易事。,1,2,26/55,2.What did you do last weekend?,Oh,，nothing _.(纲领全国，35),A.much B.else,C.ever D.yet,解析,句意为：上周末你干什么了？哦，没(干)什么事。nothing much和nothing else是固定短语，nothing much意为,“,没什么事,”,，nothing else意为,“,没有别东西，没有别事情,”,；nothing不和ever组成固定短语，但能够一起用在句中，表示,“,没有什么事情曾经,”,；nothing和yet也不能组成固定短语，但也能够同时出现在句中。由语境可知，此处显然是表示,“,没什么事,”,，故A项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,27/55,考点归纳,1.to be sure,诚然，无疑,to be rigid,刻板地说，死板地说,to be perfect,完美地说,to be fair,公平而言,to be frank,坦率地讲,2.good/nice and.,很，非常，完全,3.much less,still less(承接前述否定内容)更不用说,still more,还有更多；更深入,28/55,4.so much the better,那样更加好,for better or(for)worse,不论是好是坏，不论是福是祸,5.Not a/one(little)bit,！一点也不！,6.last but not least,last but by no means least最终但一样很主要是,29/55,方法1形容词词义辨析法,形容词考查在高考试题中比较多，详细在解答试题时要依据详细语境辨析所给选项。,解题方法,30/55,典例1,Listening is thus an active，not a _，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.(浙江，14),A.considerate B.sensitive,C.reliable D.passive,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：聆听是一个主动行为，而不是被动接收，它包含听、了解和记忆。passive被动，消极，与前面active对应。considerate体贴，体谅；sensitive易受伤害，易受影响，敏感；reliable可靠，可信赖。,答案,解析,31/55,典例2,The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.(江苏，31),A.comprehensive B.complicated,C.conscious D.crucial,答案,解析,考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底、详尽审查。comprehensive综合，详尽；complicated复杂；conscious有意识；crucial至关主要。依据and判断，所填词和thorough(彻底，细致)意思相近，故选A项。,解析,32/55,方法2副词词义辨析法,副词考查在高考试题中也比较多，详细在解答试题时要依据详细语境辨析所给选项。详细来说，要注意：(1)一些副词详细含义；(2)一些副词在详细句子中辨析。,33/55,典例1,Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ alive.,(浙江，13),A.steadily B.instantly,C.formerly D.permanently,解析,考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们大多数人，假如对食物起源多少知道一点点话，就会明白我们嘴里每一口食物从前都是有生命。formerly以前，从前，符合语境。steadily稳固地，坚定地，不动摇地；instantly立刻，马上；permanently永久地，长久不变地。,答案,解析,34/55,典例2,Do you think shopping online will _ take the place of shopping in stores?,A.especially B.frequently,C.merely D.finally,解析,especially,尤其，尤其；frequently经常地，频繁地；merely仅仅；finally最终。句意为：你认为网上购物最终会替换商场购物吗？故选D项。,答案,解析,35/55,强化练(十),1.More employers now offer fresh college graduates _ jobs,，hoping to seek out experienced candidates.(镇江一模，33),A.contemporary B.temporary,C.permanent D.primitive,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,句意为：现在更多雇主给刚毕业大学生提供暂时性工作，希望能找到有经验候选人。contemporary当代，当代；temporary暂时，暂时；permanent永久；primitive原始。故选B项。,解析,36/55,2.Pablo is a(n)_ person.At parties,，he always spends time talking to anyone who looks nervous and out of place.,(泰州中学摸底考试，22),A.conservative B.enthusiastic,C.sensitive D.stubborn,解析,句意为：巴勃罗是个热心人。在聚会上，他总是花时间和那些看上去担心不安人交谈。enthusiastic热情，热心，符合句意。conservative保守；sensitive敏感；stubborn固执，均与句意不符。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,37/55,3.There,s little chance that we will succeed in changing our fate._,，it is important that we try.(泰州中学摸底考试，29),A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless,C.Otherwise D.Therefore,解析,句意为：我们能成功改变命运机会不大，即使如此，试一试还是很主要。nevertheless然而，不过，即使如此，符合句意。meanwhile同时，其间；otherwise不然，另外；therefore所以，所以。故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,38/55,4.If they throw stones at you,，don,t throw back.Use them to build your own foundation _.(,南京三模，27),A.somehow B.anyway,C.instead D.nevertheless,解析,句意为：假如他们向你扔石块，别扔回去。相反，用这些石块建造你自己地基。somehow以某种方式，不知怎么地；anyhow不论怎样；nevertheless然而，均不符合句意。instead相反，反而，此处相当于instead of throwing back，故选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,39/55,5.Why can,t John land a _ job in years?,Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.(,南京三模，28),A.rewarding B.demanding,C.worthwhile D.stable,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,句意为：这几年John为何找不到一份稳定工作？当要辞退员工时候，有犯罪统计人会被首先辞退。rewarding值得做；demanding要求高，苛求；worthwhile值得，主要；stable稳定，稳固。故选D项。,解析,40/55,解析,句意为：为了促进对基本法正确了解，我们需要勇气来说明一些模棱两可观点，并将这种体制付诸实施。ambiguous含糊，模棱两可，符合句意。artificial人工，人造，矫揉造作；arbitrary武断，任意；absolute绝正确，完全。故选C。,6.To promote a correct understanding of the Basic Law,，we need the courage to clarify some _ points of view and to put the system into practice.(苏州调研，22),A.artificial B.arbitrary,C.ambiguous D.absolute,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,41/55,解析,句意为：手术后很快，病人免疫系统就会对移植器官产生异质排斥反应。foreign异质，外来，符合句意。fragile易碎，脆弱；domestic国内，家庭，驯养；transparent透明，清澈，明晰，显而易见。,7.Shortly after the operation,，the patient,s immune system would reject the transplanted organ as a _ object.(,南京、盐城一模，28),A.fragile B.domestic,C.transparent D.foreign,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,42/55,8.Thanks to the efforts of the last three years,，there has been a _ change in the infrastructure construction of our city.(南通一模，23),A.tentative B.confidential,C.fundamental D.conventional,解析,句意为：因为过去三年努力，我们城市基础设施建设已经有了根本改变。tentative不确定，暂时；confidential机密，秘密；conventional传统，均不符合题意。fundamental根本，主要，a fundamental change根本改变，符合语境，故选C项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,43/55,9.Men are anxious to improve their circumstances,，but are unwilling to improve themselves；_，they remain trapped.,(苏锡常镇四市一模，28),A.besides B.therefore,C.however D.instead,解析,句意为：人们急于改进他们境况，却不愿意提升本身，所以，他们一直处于困境中。besides而且，表递进；therefore所以，所以，表因果；however然而，表转折；instead而是，反而，表示一个替换。依据句意可知，此处为因果关系，故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,44/55,解析,句意为：艾丽斯一直很友善而且体恤他人遭遇。难怪她选择做一个救灾工作人员。allergic过敏；immune有免疫力；relevant相关，切题；sensitive善解人意，体恤。be sensitive to体恤,，符合语境，故选D项。,10.Iris is always kind and _ to the suffering of others.,No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.(,南京、盐城二模，26),A.allergic B.immune,C.relevant D.sensitive,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,45/55,11.The sum total of housework should be divided,，according to household needs，and be assigned to members，_ with their will and skill.,(盐城三模，22),A.concerned B.familiar,C.consistent D.associated,解析,句意为：全部家务活应该依据家庭需要分配给家庭组员，并要和他们意愿和能力相符。(be)concerned with与,相关，包括；(be)familiar with 对,熟悉；(be)consistent with 与,相符，一致；(be)associated with 与,相关。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,46/55,12.He lived outside conventional ideas,，he implied，because,“,I live alone mostly,，in the middle of _,”.,(,如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考，33),A.somewhere B.nowhere,C.anywhere D.everywhere,解析,句意为：他暗示自己生活在传统观念之外，因为他说,“,我大部分时间都独自一人生活，与世隔绝,”,。in the middle of nowhere表示,“,与世隔绝,”,，故B项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,47/55,13.Many companies make it _ for job applicants to pass a medical examination before they are allowed to work.,(,徐州、宿迁、连云港、淮安四市模拟，26),A.compulsory B.comprehensive,C.controversial D.contradictory,解析,句意为：对于求职者来说，许多企业把允许上岗之前经过体检作为一项强制性检验。compulsory 义务，必须做，强制性，符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,48/55,解析,句意为：中国不妨将增加率保持在百分之七以上。或者，为了营造健康环境，将增加率设置在百分之六到百分之七之间。may as well不妨；也好。alternatively或者，要不然，二者择一地；differently不一样地，相异地；accordingly所以，于是，照着，对应地；conversely相反地，颠倒地，反过来。依据句意，B项最适合。,14.China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent._,，the rate may be set between 6 to 7 percent，for the sake of a healthy environment.,(盐城阜宁中学模拟，24),A.Differently B.Alternatively,C.Accordingly D.Conversely,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,49/55,15.Your car should be ready next Tuesday.,We were _ hoping you,d be able to do it by this Friday.,(,南京、盐城二模，26),A.still B.rather C.always D.even,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,句意为：下周二你车就应该准备好了。我们倒宁愿你能在本周五就能够做好这件事。still依然；rather宁愿；always总是；even甚至。依据句意，故选B。,解析,50/55,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.We work during the week,，but weekends and evenings are usually _.(南京、盐城二模，28),A.vacant B.casual C.empty D.clear,答案,解析,句意为：我们工作日上班，但周末和晚上不上班。vacant空虚；casual随意；empty空；clear清楚，空余。依据句意，故选D。,解析,51/55,17.Learning from _ mistakes can help us keep conscious and avoid repeating them in the days to come.(,苏锡常镇调查二，34),A.previous B.curious,C.obvious D.ridiculous,解析,句意为：从以前错误中学习(吸收教训)能够帮助我们保持清醒，防止在未来日子重复这些错误。previous以前；curious好奇；obvious显著；ridiculous荒谬。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,52/55,18.While reading,，try to develop a more _ attitude，instead of accepting everything at face value.(南通、扬州、泰州调研，31),A.realistic B.critical,C.ambiguous D.casual,解析,句意为：在阅读时，努力养成一个愈加批判性态度，而不是对任何事情都一味地接收。realistic现实；critical批评；ambiguous含糊，模棱两可；casual随便。故B正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,53/55,19.Alice has just lost her husband to heart failure.,Her _ smile can,t hide her sorr