全新版大学英语(二)unit 5语法.doc

Unit 5 True Height
Global Reading
Ⅰ、 Questions about the Text
1. What does the text title True Height mean?
(=It has more than one meaning、 They are:
1) the new bar heights that Michael cleared one after another、
2) the tremendous obstacles Michael had overe in attaining his goal、)
2. As the text consists of the main story and a flashback, can you figure out the flashback
(=The flashback is from line 11 to line 35)
Ⅱ、 Scanning
1、 Scan the text again to find out all the instances where “work” is used as a verb and explain in English the different meaning of “ work”、
(=work: v、 1) (cause to) be active or use effort or power
* “… want something, work for it、” (LL、 24~25) (L、 35) (L、 84)
2) be active in the proper way, without failing
* “It wasn’t working、” (L、 5)
3) exercise
* “He worked out every other day…” (L、 27) )
2、 Scan the whole text to find out all the words and phrases that are related to sports or stadium、 And think about their Chinese equivalents、
National Junior Olympics 全国少年奥林匹克运动会
personal best 个人最高记录
stand(s) 瞧台
final race 赛跑决赛
pole vault event 撑竿跳高项目
track and field petition 田径比赛
gymnast 体操运动员
body builder 健美运动员
weightlifting 举重
bar 横杆
inflated landing mat 充气垫
vaulter 撑竿跳高运动员
fingertipped pushup 俯卧撑
runway 跑道
National record 全国记录
pole 撑竿
takeoff 起跳
set a new world record 刷新一项世界纪录
Ⅲ、 Part Division of the Text
Parts
Lines
Main Ideas
1
1~11
Michael faced the most challenging petition in his polevaulting career、
2
12~35
Michael’s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training、
3
36~90
Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record、
4
91~95
What was most unusual about Michael’s victory was that he was blind、
Ⅳ、 Further Understanding
For Part 1
Description
1. Use your own words to draw a picture of the stadium on that day, including the weather, Michael’s appearance and inner feeling, the audience’s response, etc、
2. Use your own words to describe what kind of event the pole vault is、
For Part 2
Questions and Answers
1. From the description of Michael’ parents, what can you learn about his parents? (=Michael’s mother is romantic and passionate, while his father is a hardcore realist、)
2.Brainstorm the various obstacles Michael might face during the hard training、
(Openended、)
3、 What personality traits are attributed to Michael’s success?
(=He is diligent, perseverant, optimistic, ambitious, etc、)
For Part 3
Chart pletion
Height of the pole
Michael’s reaction before/after clearing the bar
Importance
Before
After
17 feet
His palm were sweating、 He needed a towel to dry his grip、 (L、 1)
1. If Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain…(LL、 37~38)
2. He seemed unaware of …(LL、 40~41)
3 inches higher than his personal best
17 feet 2, 17 feet 4

…, again he showed no emotion、 (LL、 43~44)

17 feet 6
1、 It startled him、、、 (L、 53)
2、 The intensity … anxiety、 (L、 56)
3、 He became more tense、 (L、 57)
4、 Afraid would be … (LL、 58~59)
1. It was … that brought Michael back to earth、 (LL、 79~80)
2. On his back with that wonderful hot sun…(LL、 81~81)
9 inches higher than his personal best
17 feet

He later went on that day to clear 17 feet
A National and International Junior Olympics record
For Part 4
Discussion
1. Why does the author keep the secret about Michael’s blindness until the last sentence?
2. Who would you admire better, a Michael Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael Stone?
Ⅴ、 Writing Skills
As the text consists of the main story and a flashback, the narration has to switch from the ongoing petition to earlier events and then return to the ongoing petition、 How does the author manage to make these parts in the text flow smoothly?
1. One way is to repeat a key word in the last sentence of a paragraph in the first sentence of the next paragraph, e、g、
It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a twostory building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event、
As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying、
2. Another way is to pick up a key idea from a previous paragraph and repeat it in the sentence introducing the next paragraph, e、g、
All of Michael’s vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work、
Detailed Reading
Ⅰ、 Difficult Sentences
1. (LL、 8~9) It bines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder、
Translate the sentence into Chinese、
(=它融合了体操运动员得优雅与健美运动员得力量。)
2. (LL、 16~20) He would be running sown a country road、 As he raced between golden wheat fields, he would…
Why is Michael’s dream of flying described in details?
(=Because Michael has a very deep impression about the dream、 There are two evidence for that: 1) His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up、 2) He always dreamed of flying、)
3. (L、 21) Where he flew would always coincide with his mother’s stories、
Paraphrase the sentence、
(=In his dreams, he would always fly over those places described in his mother’s stories、)
4. (L、 23) His dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer、
1、 What is function of the phrase “on the other hand”?
(=The phrase is used for paring different things or ideas、)
2、 What can you infer from the phrase?
(=Michael’ s parents are totally different types of people and they play the different roles in Michael’s success、)
5. (LL、 47~48) Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place、
1、 Paraphrase the first part of the sentence、
(=He would not be ashamed of getting himself the second place, but…)
2、 What can you learn from the sentence?
(=Michael holds a very attitude toward the petition、 On the one hand, he wouldn’t think it is a shame of winning the second place, on the other hand, he would try his best to win the first place、)
6. (LL、 54) Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay、
1、 Paraphrase the sentence、
(=If something strikes you like a wet bale of hay, it es as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise、)
2、 Use some adjectives to describe how Michael felt at that time、
(=He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc、)
7. (LL、 68~69) The silence was deafening、
Is this sentence contradictory with “silence” and “deafening”?
(=No、 “Deafening” here is used to modify “the silence”、 It is not an ordinary silence, but a deafening one、 This shows both Michael and the crowd are very tense at that moment、)
8. (L、 76) Only this time he knew he wasn’t dreaming、
What does “only” mean here?
(=“Only” here means “but”、)
Ⅱ、 Words and Expressions
1. (L、 1) sweat:
1. v、 produce sweat
*The white shirts were sweated through、
*He was sweating after working so hard、
2、 n、 liquid which es out from the body through the skin to cool it
(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus、)
2. (L、 8) grace: n、
1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp、 in movement or structure
*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room、
*She danced with a grace that surprised us、
2) kindness; willingness to do what is right
*She had the grace to say that he was right、
*她勉强地承认她错了。
(=He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace、)
3. (L、 10) mere: adj、 nothing more than
(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes、)
光说无济于事。
(=Mere words won’t help、)
4. (L、 10) fantasy: n、 (creation of ) imagination
*The story is a fantasy、
*He lives in a world of fantasy、
CF: fantasy, fancy & imagination
fantasy 通常指无限制得,不受意志支配得,完全脱离现实得空想。例如:
*An amusement park full of figures from fairy tales may be called Fantasy Land、 一个游乐园,如果充满了神话故事中得人物塑雕,则堪称虚幻境界。
fancy 强调凭空想象客观世界不存在之事物,这种凭空想象并非完全脱离现实,只就是离现实较远。例如:
*Her mind went where fancy took it、 她总就是不着边际地胡思乱想。
imagination 就是个常用词,最少有贬义,它所表示得想象或想象力可以指对过去得事物得重新构想;也可以指对不存在或不能存在之事物得构想。例如:
*Does she have the imagination to figure out what happened? 她真得富有想象力,能够推想出发生得事情吗？
*These plans reveal a plete failure of imagination、 这些计划显得毫无想象力。
5. (L、13) numerous: adj、 very many
*He has a numerous acquaintance among politicians、
*During the Depression, numerous people wandered from town to town looking for work、
6. (L、 15) passion: n、 strong feeling, esp、 of love
(=The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved、)
她特别喜欢吃冰淇淋。
(=He has a passion for ice cream、)
7. (L、 15) detail: n、 small, particular fact or item
*Everything in her story is correct down to the smallest detail、
不要遗漏一点细节。
(=Don’t omit a single detail、)
Collocation:
go/enter into details 详细说明
in detail 详细地
8. (L、 16) recur: vi、
1) e or happen again
*If the pain recurs, take this medicine、
您知道循环小数吗？
(=Do you know the recurring decimals?)
2) (of ideas, events etc、)e back
*My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory、
*Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely traveler、
3) go back (to sth、) in words or thought
*Let us recur to what you said yesterday、
*Do you mind if I may recur to your idea
9. (L、 21) coincide: v、
1) (of ideas, opinions, etc、) to be in agreement
*His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife、
*The judges did not coincide in opinion、
2) happen at the same time of during the same period of time
*They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincided with hers、
(=The art exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death、)
10. (L、 24) core: n、
1) most important or central part of anything
*The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform、
让我们直入事务得本质。
(=Let’s get to the core of the matter、)
2) hard central part containing the seeds of certain fruits, such as the apple
*An apple core is the part of an apple left after the flesh has been eaten、
Collocation:
to the core: 彻底地; 完全地
*She is French to the core、 她就是个地道得法国人。
11. (L、 28) alternate:
1. adj、 1) every other or second
*He works on alternate days、
*The show was sponsored by different clients on alternate weeks、
2) (or two things) happening by turns
这就是晴雨交替得一周。
(=This is a week of alternate rain and sunshine、)
*She wears a shirt with alternate stripes of blue and white、
2. v、 (cause to ) follow by turns
*We alternated periods of work and rest、
汤姆时而发怒,时而害怕。
(=Tom alternated between anger and fright、)
Collocation:
alternate between 时而…时而…
*They alternate between supporting us and opposing us、
alternate in 轮流
*We alternate in doing the household chores、
alternate with (使)与…交替
*Sunny weather alternates with rain、
12. (L、 32) relax: v、
1) make or bee less tense, worried or nervous
*Sit down and relax!
音乐可以帮助您放松一下。
(=The music will help to relax you、)
2) make or bee less stiff or tight
(=His muscles relaxed、)
3) make (effort or control) less severe
*You must not relax your control for a moment、
13. (L、 37) vain: adj、
1) too pleased with one’s own abilities or looks
*She’s vain of her beauty、
她极其自负。
(=He’s as vain as a peacock、)
2) without result; useless
*After a number of vain attempts to climb the mountain, we were forced to return to camp、
*It is vain to resist、
NB: vain得常用词组就是in vain,意为“徒劳地,白白地”
CF: vain, empty, hollow & bare
这几个词都就是形容词,都有“空得”、“空着得”之意。
vain 意思就是“空洞得”、“空洞得”。
empty 主要表示某空间没有人或物,无任何内容。
hollow 表示物体内部就是空得,如数、气球等。
bare 主要指某物得表面上就是空得,无装饰得。
(Directions:) Fill in the blank with the above words and change the form where necessary、
1. The cinema was half ______、
2. We’ve made a ______ attempt to make him change his mind、
3. Don’t sleep on ______ boards、
4. The poor girl went on for another ten miles on an ______ stomach、
5. The walls look solid, but in fact they’re ____
14. (L、 44) emotion: n、
1) any of the strong of feelings of the human spirit
*Love, hatred, fear and grief are emotions
*Jack is a man of great emotion, easily given to tears、
2) strength of feeling; excited state of the feelings
*He described the accident in a voice shaking with emotion、
*He thought of his dead child with deep emotion、
CF: emotion, feeling and sensitivity
这些词都就是名词,都有“感情”之意。
emotion 表示人得精神、身体全部反映得一种状态,表现为人得任何强烈得感情。例如:
*The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds、 演讲者激发了我们得情感而不就是启发我们得思考。
feeling 就是常用词,意思就是“感觉”、“感触”、“心情”,部分体现为精神,部分体现为身体,但并不就是具有情感反应特征得基本得感觉、反射或心境。除非有上下文得提示,一般不表明反应得性质、程度。例如:
*Her feeling was that right would win、 她感觉公理会取得胜利。
*He had lost all of feeling in the left leg、 她得左腿完全失去了知觉。
sensitivity 意思就是“感受性”、“敏感性”。例如:
*The dentist gave me an injection which reduced the sensitivity of the nerve、 牙医给我注射一针以减轻神经得敏感性。(插入图片dentist)
15. (L、 48) be ashamed of: feeling foolish or unfortable because of (sth、)
*You should be ashamed of your behavior!
她由于问了这样简单得问题而感到难为情。
(=He was ashamed of asking such a simple question、)
16. (L、 53) startle: vt、 Give a sudden shock or surprise to
*You startled me! I didn’t hear you e in、
*She was startled to see him looking so ill、
CF: startle, frighten & terrify
这组动词都就是动词,都有“恐吓”得意思。
startle指短时间内叫人震惊得恐惧,可能造成突然得不由自主得身体不能动弹。例如:
*The clap of thunder startled us、 雷鸣般得掌声惊呆了我。
frighten就是最普通得词,没有特殊得意义,仅表示“吓唬”或“使…害怕”。例如:
*Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs、 理查夫人不想吓唬这可怜得人,所以她很快地藏到楼梯下得小贮藏室里。
terrify 含义就是“使恐怖”,受到这种惊怕得人就是不能自制得
*Bruce engaged low gear and drove at a terrifying speed、 布鲁斯接通了低速挡,开车速度快得令人害怕。
17. (L、 56) intensity: n、 state of being intense
*The mayor didn’t realize the intensity of people’s feelings on the housing issue、
*The poem shows great intensity of feeling、
18. (L、 56) anxiety: n、
1) feeling of worry of fear
*They felt strong anxiety for her safety、
*After hearing their advice he had no more anxieties、
2) strong wish to do something; eagerness
*The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge、
*He always shows his anxiety to please his employers、
Collocation:
anxiety about 对…得焦虑
anxiety for 为…得担忧
CF: anxiety, worry & concern
这些词都就是名词,都有“担忧”、“担心”之意。
anxiety 主要指对不幸或失败得痛苦得恐惧与不确定。例如:
*At the most, he will experience feelings of anxiety, shame, insecurity, and helplessness? 她至多能体验到忧虑、耻辱、不安与无助感。
worry指扰乱人精神安宁得持续不断得疑虑或害怕。例如:
*I think rich people have about as many worries as poor ones、 我认为富人与穷人得烦恼一样多。
concern强调介入了思想不安得因素;它将严肃得思想与情绪结合起来。例如:
*Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors? 对人类自身及其命运得关注,必将成为所有技术事业得主要关注内容。
19. (L、 57) tension: n、
1) worry or nervousness
*I am suffering from nervous tension、
您能适应大城市得紧张生活吗？
(=Can you adapt yourself to the tensions of life in a big city?)
2) degree of tightness of a wire, rope, etc、
*If you increase the tension of that violin string it will break、