GWD讲义对应阅读练习题.docx

GWD讲义对应阅读练习题
讲义P3_P8——11
Q2 to Q4:
The fields of antebellumantebellum  
adj.  战争前的
(pre-Civil
War) political history and women’s his-
tory use separate sources and focus
Line on separate issues. Political histori-
(5) ans, examining sources such as voting
records, newspapers, and politicians’
writings, focus on the emergence in the
1840’s of a new “American political
nation,” and since women were neither
(10) voters nor politicians, they receive little
discussion. Women’s historians, mean-
while, have shown little interest in the
subject of party politics, instead draw-
ing on personal papers, legal records
(15) such as wills, and records of female
associations to illuminate women’s
domesticdomestic
n.  仆人, 佣人; 国货
adj.  家庭的, 驯服的, 国内的
lives, their moral reform
activities, and the emergence of the
woman’s rights movement.
(20) However, most historians have
underestimated负评价
the extent and signifi-
cance of women’s political allegianceallegiance  
n （对国家，君主或事业的）忠诚，拥护＝devotion＝fealty＝piety
【例】allegiance to one's native land  忠于自己的祖国give allegiance to  忠诚于…
【记】leg法律－法律应该拥护all leg iance：全是腿－如果比尔该死说每人发100万美金，底下一定是群情激愤，举双脚赞成（全是腿）－拥护，忠诚读：all立正死，所有人都立正而死－忠诚
【类】authoritativeness:pundits＝allegiance:partisans权威的是学者的特征＝忠诚是党徒的特征renegade:allegiance＝apostate:faith叛徒不会有忠诚＝叛教者不会信念"

in the antebellum period. For example,
in the presidential election campaigns
(25) of the 1840’s, the Virginia Whig party
strove to win the allegiance of Virginia’s
women by inviting them to rallies and
speeches. According to Whig propa-
ganda, women who turned out at the
(30) party’s ralliesrally
n.集会；公路汽车赛 v.集合；恢复，振作
gathered information
that enabled them to mold party-loyal
families, reminded men of moral values
that transcended party loyalty, and con-
ferred moral standing on the party.
(35) Virginia Democrats, in response,
began to make similar appeals to
women as well. By the mid-1850’s
the inclusioninclusion
n.  包含; 内含物
of women in the rituals of
party politics had become common-
(40) place, and the ideology that justified
such inclusion had been assimilated
by the Democrats.
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Q2: 观点题——看选项
The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to

A. examine the tactics of antebellum political parties with regard to women
B. trace the effect of politics on the emergence of the woman’s rights movement
C. point out a deficiency等于第二段的转折，即第一段观点有缺陷
in the study of a particular historical period词全部在中心体现过，对

D. discuss the ideologies意识形态 of opposing antebellum political parties
E. contrast the methodologies方法论 in two differing fields of historical inquiry
Answer: C
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Q3: 观点——原文第二段作者观点 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：1 更直接意思上更不用改话的
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding most historians of the antebellum period?

A. They have failed to adequately contrast观点类用了比较肯定错
the differing roles that women played in the Democratic and Whig parties in the 1850’s.
B. They have failed to see that political propaganda advocating women’s political involvement did not reflect the reality of women’s actual roles.
C. They have incorrectly assumed that women’s party loyalty played a small role in Whig与原文最接近
and Democratic party politics.
D. They have misinterpreted descriptions of women’s involvement in party politics in records of female associations and women’s personal papers.
E. They have overlooked the role that women’s political activities played in the woman’s rights movement.
Answer: C
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Q4 :细节题——看原文 有选项没了，对；没有没了的，越相似效率越高——比选项
According to the second paragraph of the passage (lines 20-42), Whig propaganda included the assertion that

A. women should enjoy more political rights than they did
B. women were the most 绝对化词肯定错
important influences on political attitudes within a family
C. women’s reform activities reminded men of important moral values
D. women’s demonstrations at rallies would influence men’s voting behavior
E. women’s presence at rallies would enhance the moral standing of the party
Answer:

Q35 to Q37:
Citing the fact that the real gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita was
higher in 1997 than ever before, some
Line journalists have argued that the United
(5) States economy performed ideally in
1997. However, the real GDP is almost
always higher than ever before; it falls
only during recessionsrecession  [riˈseʃən]
n.(经济的)衰退，衰退期
. One point
these journalists overlooked is that in
(10) 1997, as in the twenty-four years imme-
diately preceding it, the real GDP per
capita grew nearly one-half percent a
year more slowly than it had on aver-
age between 1873 and 1973. Were the
(15) 1997 economy as robust as claimed,
the growth rate of real GDP per capita
in 1997 would have surpassed the
average growth rate of real GDP per
capita between 1873 and 1973 because
(20) over fifty percent of the population
worked for wages in 1997 whereas
only forty percent worked for wages
between 1873 and 1973. If the growth
rate of labor productivity (output per
(25) hour of goods and services) in 1997
had equaled its average growth rate
between 1873 and 1973 of more than
two percent, then, given the proportion-
ately larger workforce that existed in
(30) 1997, real GDP per capita in 1997 would
have been higher than it actually was,
since output is a major factor in GDP.
However, because labor productivity
grew by only one percent in 1997, real
(35) GDP per capita grew more slowly in
1997 than it had on average between
1873 and 1973.

Q35: 观点 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：2 错的可能性小（感觉）
The passage is primarily concerned with
当相似到一定程度，原文失效，选项越相似，效率越高
A. comparing various measures used to assess the performance of the United States economy in 1997
B. providing evidence that the performance of the United States economy in 1997 was similar to its performance between 1873 and 1973
C. evaluating an argument concerning the performance of the United States economy in1997没了

D. examining the consequences of a popular misconception about the performance of the United States economy in 1997
E. supporting an assertion made by journalists about the performance of the United States economy in 1997
Answer: C
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Q36: 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：3 感觉：A→B，B是A的必要条件/前提。 一定选B
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew in the twenty-four years immediately before 1997?
2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：4 选项中只有一组内容相似，答案一定在里面（出题人只干扰对的选项）
A. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because only forty percent of the population worked for wages between 1873 and 1973.
B. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because labor productivity grew less between 1973 and 1997 than it had between 1873 and 1973.
C. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 as a result of an increase in the percentage of the population earning wages during these years.
D. It was less than the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew between 1873 and 1973.没了，前3个任何一个对都导致D对，所以选D

E. It was less than the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997.
Answer: D
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Q37:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is the reason that the author faults the journalists referred to in line 4?
2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：5看到废话就是答案
A. They believe that the real GDP per capita in 1997 was higher than the real GDP per capita had ever been before.
B. They argue that the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997 was faster than the average rate at which it had grown between 1873 and 1973.
C. They overestimate the effect of labor productivity on the real GDP per capita in 1997.
D. They overestimate the amount by which real GDP per capita in 1997 surpassed real GDP per capita in earlier years.
E. They fail to consider问题问错误，不正确认为是废话吗不是驳斥不进脑子——都没了。
the real GDP per capita in 1997 within an appropriate historical context.
Answer: E

Q24 to Q27:
Anole lizard species that
occur together (sympatrically)
on certain Caribbean islands
Line occupy different habitats:
(5) some live only in the grass,
some only on tree trunks, and
some only on twigs. These
species also differ morpho-
logically: grass dwellers are
(10) slender with long tails, tree
dwellers are stocky with long
legs, twig dwellers are slender
but stubby-legged. What is
striking about these lizards
(15) is not that coexisting species
differ in morphology形态 and habi-
tat use (such differences are
common among closely related
sympatric species), but that
(20) the same three types of habi-
tat specialists occur on each
of four islands: Puerto Rico,
Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica.
Moreover, the Puerto Rican
(25) twig species closely resembles
the twig species of Cuba,
Hispaniola, and Jamaica in
morphology, habitat use, and
behavior. Likewise同样地, the spe-
(30) cialists for other habitats are
similar across the islands.
The presence of similar
species on different islands
could be variously explained.
(35) An ancestral species might
have adapted to exploit a
particular ecological niche on
one island and then traveled
over water to colonize other
(40) islands. Or this ancestral
species might have evolved
at a time when the islands
were connected, which some
of these islands may once
(45) have been. After the islands
separated, the isolated lizard
populations would have become
distinct species while also
retaining their ancestors’ niche
(50) adaptations. Both of these
scenarios imply that speciali-
zation to each niche occurred
only once. Alternatively, each
specialist could have arisen
(55) independently on each of the
islands.
If each type of specialist
evolved just once, then similar
specialists on different islands
(60) would be closely related.
Conversely, if the specialists
evolved independently on each
island, then a specialist on one
island would be more closely
(65) related to other types of anoles
on the same island—regardless
of their ecological niches—
than it would be to a similar
specialist on a different island.
(70) Biologists can infer how
species are related evolu-
tionarily by comparing DNA
sequences for the same genes
in different species. Species
(75) with similar DNA sequences
for these genes are generally
more closely related to each
other than to species with less-
similar DNA sequences. DNA
(80) evidence concerning the anolesanole  
n. 变色龙, 变色蜥

led researchers to conclude
that habitat specialists on one
island are not closely related
to the same habitat specialists
(85) elsewhere, indicating that spe-
cialists evolved independently
on each island.

Q24: The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. describe some unusual features of anole lizard species
B. account for a particular type of behavior found among anole lizard species
C. contrast two types of evidence that have been used to support a particular hypothesis concerning anole lizard species
D. explain how researchers resolved a particular scientific question concerning anole lizard species都是虚的，是个问题就是科学问题——没了

E. examine different explanations for a particular trait common to certain anole lizard species
Answer: D
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Q25: Which of the following best describes the purpose of the sentence in lines 13-23 (“What is … Jamaica”)?
A. It raises a question about why coexisting anole lizard species occupy the different types of habitats mentioned in the first sentence.
B. It introduces a fact about anole lizard species that the passage will go on to explore.没了

C. It identifies a particular aspect of anole lizard behavior that distinguishes anoles from other lizard species.
D. It explains why one aspect of anole lizard species’ habitat use has been difficult to account for.
E. It points out a surprising relationship between morphology and habitat use that is explained in the concluding paragraph.
Answer: B
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Q26: It can be inferred form the passage that which of the following is true of the Cuban tree-dwelling anole lizard and the Jamaican tree-dwelling anole lizard?
2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：6 两个选项相斥，中间有一个是答案（内容一样，但信息相反）
A. They share a morphology characterized by stocky bodies and long legs.
B. They have bodies that are relatively slender compared to their stubby legs.
C. They differ significantly form one another in size.
D. They differ significantly from one another in behavior and habitat use.
E. They are genetically closely related to one another.
Answer:
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Q27: The passage suggests that if a grass-dwelling anole lizard species evolved on one island and then traveled over water to colonize a second island, the grass-dwelling anoles on the two islands would eventually细节题——选项不相似——找 本题选项相似可以找
A. develop very different DNA sequences
B. develop into different species that are more distantly related to each other than to tree- and twig-dwelling anoles on their own islands
C. come to differ significantly from one another in habitat use
D. develop into different, but closely related, species
E. evolve significant morphological differences
Answer: D

Q20 to 23:
Recently biologists have been
interested in a tide潮汐-associated
periodic behavior displayed by
Line the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a
(5) microscopic golden-brown alga that inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone).
Diatoms of this species, sometimes
called “commuter” diatoms, remain
(10) burrowed in the sand during high
tide, and emerge on the sand sur-
face during the daytime low tide.
Just before the sand is inundated by
the rising tide, the diatoms burrow
(15) again. Some scientists hypothesize
that commuter diatoms know that it
is low tide because they sense an
environmental change, such as an
alteration in temperature or a change
(20) in pressure caused by tidal move-
ment. However, when diatoms are
observed under constant conditions
in a laboratory, they still display
periodic behavior, continuing to bur-
(25) row on schedule for several weeks.
This indicates that commuter diatoms, rather than relying on environmental
cues to keep time, possess an internal pacemaker or biological clock
(30) that enables them to anticipa