研究生英语-答案.doc

Unit 1
Vocabulary Exercise A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.
¡ ambiguity模棱两可 recuperation恢复 preconception事先形成的观点 prone易于…的 connotation含蓄；暗示；储蓄的东西 preferential优先的，优惠的 ethnocentrically种族优越感的 scrutiny监视，细看 deterrent制止 stumbling block绊脚石，障碍
1. We have a certain stereotypical _______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.
2. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a ______ against India. India wanted them as a ______ against China.
3. The European ______ Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.
4. A major _____ in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.
5. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative _______ in Chinese.
6. China has no plan to change its ______ treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order toreassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its ________ policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.
7. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_______ people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.
8. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate________, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.
9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and ______.
10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong－often they are very good－but we should learn not to judge other culture’s ways of acting and thinking _____ only because they differ from our own.

Keys: 1. preconception 2. deterrent; deterrent
3. Scrutiny 4. stumbling block 5. connotation
6. preferential; preferential 7. prone
8. ambiguity 9. recuperation 10.ethnocentrically

Vocabulary Exercise B
¡ Fill in the blanks with the best choice.
¡ 1. _______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.
¡ A. Tenancy租用 B. Tenacity固执 C. Tendency倾向，趋于D. Tenure占有，任期
¡ 2. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!
¡ A. inscrutable谜一样的 B. sweet C. incredulous不相信的 D. incurious不关心的
¡ 3. The elimination of ________ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange.
¡ A. generalizations一般化 B. judgments判断 C. doubts怀疑 D. stereotypes使陈规
¡ 4. The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to ________ the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.
¡ A. circumnavigate环航 B. circulate循环 C. circumvent回避 D. curriculum总课程
¡ 5. This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and ________ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.
¡ A. scrutiny B. spacious广阔的，宽敞的 C. stereotype D. spatial空间的
¡ 6. It is a _____ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.
¡ A. truism老生常谈 B. genuine C. tenacity固执 D. similarity
¡ 7. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.
¡ A. configuration构造，形状 B. conjunction C. connotation D. connection
¡ 8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _____ for continuing military rule, according to Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region.
¡ A. inflection B. façade假象，外观，正面 C. ambiguity D. fabrication构造物
¡ 9. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.
¡ A. perpetuated B. pervasive无处不在 C. permanent D. permeated弥散，透入
¡ 10. There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.
¡ A. cement 巩固，水泥 B. lime石灰 C. clay用粘土处理 D. concrete凝结，使凝固
¡
Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10.A
¡
¡ Unit Three
Vocabulary Check A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.
Sabotage妨碍，伤害 pester使烦恼，纠缠 standoffish冷淡的，冷漠的 casserole砂锅 delectable美味的backfire爆炸，发生意外duress强迫，监禁 siblings同科 therapy治疗，疗法 smoothie善于讨好，举止优雅，奶昔

1. China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product. Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the _______ series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.
2. My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat _______she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.
3. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually _______ their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonze”.
4. Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday that he is not excluding _______ as the cause of last Sunday’s bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.
5. An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barrie’s marriage under______, which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barrie’s children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.
6. The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen. But the ploy could ______by alienating working women.
7. Both Luo and Guang admit their drugs, while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined _______ is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.
8. This ______ TV programme is suitable for those half-educated people.
9. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from the family－properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”
10. Anthropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that, for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and as the North American backs off the South American thinks he’s being _______.

Vocabulary Check B
Fill in the blanks with the best choice.

1. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.
A. inappreciably B. inadvertently非故意地，漫不经心地 C. inarticulately口齿不清的，笨嘴笨舌的 D. invisibly
2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model. And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional________, and in turn realize common prosperity.
A. integration结合,整合，一体化 B. diversity多样化 C. competition比赛 D. integral
3. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of______.
A. comparison比较 B. analysis分析 C. counterpart D. analogy类推
4. If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t ______about your mistakes, learn from them.
A. wonder惊奇 B. worried焦虑 C. whine发牢骚，哀诉 D. pester纠缠
5. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _______ it in a profitable direction.
A. adapt改编，使适应 B. control C. install D. steer控制，驾驶，引导
6. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______, particularly in western Europe.
A. obscure模糊，晦涩，遮掩 B. obsolete废弃 C. optional可选择的 D. overlapping重叠
7. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of _______ art.
A. cookie B. culinary烹饪的 【固定搭配】 C. cuisine D. cook
8. The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A. compelled迫使 B. posed 主张，装模作样 C. pressed D. tempted诱惑
9. I am not _______ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.
A. concerned 担心 B. compatible相容的 C. considerate体贴的 D. complied答应，遵守，顺从
10.A good education should train students to think for themselves. However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under ______.
A. duly充分地，按时地 B. duty责任 C. duress 囚禁 D. obligation责任义务
Vocabulary Check A

1. smoothie casserole pester sabotage duress backfire therapy delectable siblings standoffish
2. Vocabulary Check B
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10.C

Unit Four
Vocabulary Check A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. Remember to change the form if necessary.
thwart optimize infrastructure vestige warrant
entail offset symptomatic aggregate retard

1.More studies on rigorous data are _______.
2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is________by frivolities.
3.Unforfunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.
4. The renewing of the __________ needs greater fiscal investments from the government.
5.The ________of plan economy is being erased step by step.
6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is_______in the position as a qualified salesperson.
7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are ________of the tensions between America and Iran.
8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly_________the bilateral trade in other areas.
9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n) _________ number of 356 seats in the presidential election.
10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of_________the use of resources.

Vocabulary Check B
Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph. Remember to change the form if necessary.
evaluate eliminate return harness warrant
expenditure foster maximize presume limit

The true rate of (1)________ to education in China may be as high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)________ as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous data are (3)_______. A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making. If governments (4)_____ projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5)______ the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)_______ that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7)______ the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8)________ the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers. Otherwise, educational (9)________ should be increased and equalized across regions to (10)________ the return on human capital investment.

Vocabulary Check A

1. warranted 2. retarded 3.offset 4.infrastructure 5.vestige
6.entailed 7.symptomatic 8.thwart 9.aggregate 10.optimizing

Vocabulary Check B
1.return 2. limited 3warranted 4. evaluate 5.eliminating
6.presume 7.harness 8.fostering 9.expenditures 10. maximize

Unit Five
Vocabulary Check A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.

abortion earmark cassava cyclone incineration
collateral anecdotal impropriety fetus afforestation
1. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds for Social Security.
2. Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without ______ ignore Pain.
3. The choice of household and industrail waste disposal is between tipping and ________.
4. Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to